Foreign object debris detection based on continuous wave forward scattering radar doppler effect (original) (raw)
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Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, 2024
Flights are projected to reach eight billion globally by 2037, demanding airport operators manage operations effectively, including safety on the runway due to the high number of aircraft movements. One crucial issue is any foreign object, commonly known as foreign object debris (FOD), that must be detected and cleaned immediately to ensure aircraft safety when taking off, landing, and taxing. The International Civil Aircraft Organization (ICAO) reported that FOD causes 10.08% of aviation accidents. Most airports manually monitor and detect FOD, which could be more effective and dangerous. Therefore, it is important to provide FOD detection systems with proper technologies. Radar technologies are potential FOD detection techniques that offer robustness to weather fluctuation. However, some factors must be considered properly to provide an effective FOD system. This paper reviews radar technologies for FOD detection on airport runways by considering factors, including types of debris, detection coverage, mode of radars, frequencies, and attenuation. It was found that all critical factors considered contribute to the quality of detection. This paper will provide guidelines for developing FOD detection based on radar technologies regarding airport necessities and its specific environment
Performance Assessment of a Radar-Based Foreign Object Debris Detection System
2011
This document is also available from the Federal Aviation Administration William J. Hughes Technical Center at actlibrary.tc.faa.gov. U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Aviation Administration NOTICE This document is disseminated under the sponsorship of the U.S. Department of Transportation in the interest of information exchange. The United States Government assumes no liability for the contents or use thereof. The United States Government does not endorse products or manufacturers. Trade or manufacturer's names appear herein solely because they are considered essential to the objective of this report. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the funding agency. This document does not constitute FAA certification policy. Consult your local FAA airports office as to its use. This report is available at the Federal Aviation Administration William J. Hughes Technical Center's Full-Text Technical Reports page: actlibrary.tc.faa.gov in Adobe Acrobat portable document format (PDF).
Foreign Object Detection Based on Circular Bistatic Synthetic Aperture Radar
2013
Synthetic Aperture Radar is well known for producing a radar image of the ground, so it can be used for detecting onthe-ground object which is interesting for some applications. A possible application can be Foreign Object Detection (FOD), which is an important issue in aviation safety. A ground-based Circular Bistatic Synthetic Aperture Radar (Circular-BiSAR) is introduced in this paper. The circular movement makes it more practical while the bistatic configuration offers some advantages. Wideband Linear Frequency Modulated (LFM) chirp pulses are employed here, for transmission and reception of reflection pulses to and from the under test object. A simulated model is developed for the system which analyzes the transmitting, receiving, Doppler and LFM signals by considering the distances and movement of antennas. A prototype system is launched, and some experiments are done to detect and localize various objects based on their reflection properties of microwaves. A processing algorithm is proposed in this paper to confirm the detection. The results show that the proposed system can detect and localize on-the ground objects with as small a dimension as 2 cm height and 2 cm diameter located several metres away.
A Review of Ground Target Detection and Classification Techniques in Forward Scattering Radars
Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research
This paper presents a review of target detection and classification in forward scattering radar (FSR) which is a special state of bistatic radars, designed to detect and track moving targets in the narrow region along the transmitter-receiver base line. FSR has advantages and incredible features over other types of radar configurations. All previous studies proved that FSR can be used as an alternative system for ground target detection and classification. The radar and FSR fundamentals were addressed and classification algorithms and techniques were debated. On the other hand, the current and future applications and the limitations of FSR were discussed.
Forward Scattering Radar for Ground Targets Detection and Recognition
2005
This paper presents work on the evaluation of a network of Forward Scattering (FS) radar micro sensors for the detection and classification of ground targets. Theory of FS radar systems is described together with practical experiments to evaluate the feasibility of such a system in real-life scenarios, in terms of power budget analysis and resolution.
Target Classification in Forward Scattering Radar in Noisy Environment
2014
Forward scattering radar (FSR) is a special case of bistatic radar that can be used for automatic ground target detection and classification, the interest in FSR is rises after its capability in target classification is validated. The recent development of the FSR system for ground target classifications did not consider a rough environment analysis. This paper introduces and analyze and study to the automatic ground target classification using Neural network under different noisy conditions this include the overall classification system and the extraction of features from the radar measurements provided results have shown the effectiveness of neural network as potential classifier for ground targets even in sever noisy environment
Performance Assessment of a Hybrid Radar and Electro-Optical Foreign Object Debris Detection System
2012
In 2007, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Airport Technology Branch conducted a performance assessment of the FODetect®, a hybrid radar and electro-optical foreign object debris (FOD) detection system developed by Xsight Systems, Ltd. This assessment included the system’s capability to detect objects of various shapes, sizes, and materials at all locations on the runway surface. The system’s capability to detect FOD during both nighttime and daytime conditions, in periods of sun, rain, mist, fog, and snow, was also assessed. The FODetect system was initially demonstrated in January 2008. Following the demonstration, a more comprehensive performance assessment of the technology was conducted at the Boston Logan International Airport. The performance assessment was initiated in June 2008 with a test schedule that continued until May 2009. Researchers conducted several test sessions to assess the FODetect’s capability to detect selected FOD items. The tests focused on hybrid s...
Drone Detection and Classification using Passive Forward Scattering Radar
International Journal of Integrated Engineering
Radar is a system that can analyze object detection that uses radio waves to determine the range, angle or velocity of the object. The passive radar system consists of both transmitters, to generate microwaves domain and produce the electromagnetic waves for radio system, and the receiver, to receive and process the data obtain from the transmitter signal to determine the Doppler signature of the objects that can be used to detect any presence of drone, aircraft and guided missiles that pass through the system between the transmitter and receiver. The objective of this study was mainly to detect drones, which can be liken to a situation where an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is used, and the drone is mainly used by humans to enter or trespass private and secured zone. Besides that, this study can help improve the security at Malaysian borders or at important events, such as during the latest Malaysian 14th General Election, where man flew a drone during the nomination process. The d...
Tracking of Evasive Objects Using Bistatic Doppler Radar Operating in the Millimeter Wave Regime
Remote Sensing, 2022
In this study, we propose a range detection (RD) ability by a continuous wave (CW) bistatic Doppler radar (RDCWB) of small and fast targets with very high range resolution. The target’s range and velocity are detected simultaneously. The scheme is based on the transmission of a continuous wave (CW) at millimeter wavelength (MMW) and the measurement of the respective Doppler shifts associated with target movements in different directions. The range resolution in this method is determined by the Doppler resolution only, without the necessity to transmit the modulated waveforms as in frequency modulation continuous wave (FMCW) or pulse radars. As the Doppler resolution in CW depends only on the time window required for processing, a very highrange resolution can be obtained. Most other systems that perform target localization use the transmission of wide-band waveforms while measuring the delay of the received signal scattered from the target. In the proposed scheme, the range resoluti...
A passive forward scattering radar for detecting humans and characterizing human behaviours
2016
Background: The capability to detect human and identify their movement is progressively important in military and security applications. Usually, most of the radar systems are active systems which it is easily to be detected by the opponent. In consequence, passive radar is set to become alternative to conventional active radar which it offers a decisive operational advantage, it could not be located. Passive radar does not emit any signals of its own which it could not be jammed. Therefore, passive radar use many different transmission sources that are sent out from various location to detect ground moving target especially human. Objective: The integrating of passive forward scattering radar that provide a lot of benefits and capable to detect human and characterize human behaviors which the radar system analysis and signal processing are using MATLAB software. Results: The radar system able to detect human and characterize the behaviors which divided into two movements, walking a...