Where We Have Been and Where We Can Go From Here: Looking to the Future in Research on Media, Race, and Ethnicity (original) (raw)
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Howard Journal of Communications, 2020
The following article illuminates how race-related media effects research creates a space for race to be represented within quantitative literature. However, it presents barriers towards inclusion regarding the examination of diverse audiences and distinct media content, while also normalizing existing patterns of hierarchy by concentrating on the implications of White viewers. To address this, the following text presents a synthesis of previous race-related media effects research and discusses applicable theoretical frameworks. More importantly, this piece offers suggestions for future direction where diverse audiences and media content are centered, various inclusive social contexts are contemplated, and the expansiveness of mass media platforms, as well as the adoption of theories, inside and outside of the discipline, are brought into the dialogue. These recommendations are offered to champion creating a more equitable landscape regarding the future of race-related media effects research.
journal.au.edu
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the influence of television portrayals of ethnic minorities, particularly in the United States on group vitality and identity. The empirical evidence shows that certain television programs may influence minorities' perceptions of their group vitality and identities and media selection. This paper presents the effects of television depictions of minorities focusing on the individual differences perspective. Social identity theory, ethnolinguistic identity theory, uses and gratifications, and social identity gratifications help explain the role of individual differences on the use of media for social identity and group vitality.
The current study content analyzes the 345 most viewed U.S. television shows within 12 separate television seasons spanning the years 1987 to 2009. Using multilevel modeling, the results from this comprehensive content analysis then are used to predict national-level racial/ethnic perceptions (between the years 1988 and 2008) with data from the American National Election Studies (ANES). Content analysis results reveal severe underrepresentation of Latinos, Asian Americans, and Native Americans, and a tendency to depict ethnic minorities stereotypically (e.g., overrepresentation of hyper-sexualized Latino characters). Multilevel-modeling analysis indicates that both the quantity and quality of ethnic media representations contributes to Whites’ racial attitudes.
Screening Race: Constructions and Reconstructions in Twenty-first Century Media Editorial
Racial minorities have long been excluded, marginalised and misrepresented on the big and the small screen. Often, the representation of ethnic minorities is lacking authenticity and is still characterised by decades-old stereotypes. Our increasingly diverse global society is still not reflected in the shows and films we see on TV or in the cinema. However, the representation of race has changed over the last decade. The shifting global political and societal milieu has contributed to a slow rise and an increased presence of minorities on screen, which has generally been greeted by a wave of enthusiasm. Social concerns such as the accumulation of frustrations and racial tension on an international level, Donald Trump's presidency and the exhausting election campaigns in the US and Europe have characterised 2016–17. In a time of police brutality and resurging white nationalism, new films and TV shows ignite public discussion about race and the role of minority groups in the twenty-first century. The increased attention to and critical engagement with race and identity on screen and in the media, including a spate of films and miniseries chronicling episodes in American as well as international history from the past centuries, are at the core of a growing public engagement with questions of civil rights and social justice, which—among others—has sparked movements like #BlackLivesMatter and #OscarsSoWhite. With their ability to display iconic images to mass audiences and to be particularly powerful in reimagining history, film and TV are key players in the public conversation about race and identity. Filmmakers and media artists across the world are creating images that have become part of our modern culture and that deeply influence the public understanding of these concepts.
This article provides a review of the research record on the potential for media literacy education to intervene in the media's influence on racial and ethnic stereotypes, and explores the theoretical concepts that underlie these efforts. It situates media literacy theory and practice within particular emphases in the field and synthesizes qualitative and quantitative studies. Quantitative research on the effect of media literacy training and mediated counterstereotypes on reducing racial/ethnic prejudice is described. In addition, we report qualitative data from an ongoing study of early adolescents who took part in a media literacy curriculum on stereotypes. The research record reveals that although the topic is severely understudied, media literacy education holds great promise for its ability to shape media-related knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors and encourage an active and critical stance toward media. Media have been shown to have the potential to promote or to call into question stereotypical views of social groups, including those defined by race, ethnicity, gender, and sexual identity (Mastro, 2015; Tukachinsky, Mastro, & Yarchi, 2015). Accordingly, there is promise for education efforts addressing the media's role in stereotyping to mitigate the effects of exposure to negative or narrow media depictions of social groups and possibly even enhance the positive media influence of exposure to nonstereotypical and favorable media depictions.
The Power of (Mis)Representation: Why Racial and Ethnic Stereotypes in the Media Matter
2018
The Power of (Mis)Representation: Why Racial and Ethnic Stereotypes in the Media Matter As communication systems reach nearly every corner of the world, mass media matters more than ever since it influences how people see and understand themselves and others in the world. As a powerful social force that makes the most of visual, audio and textual techniques, it has the capacity to shape civil society, its discourses, policies, and the built environment all around us (Schiller, 2014). Therefore, media are not insignificant audiovisual outlets that merely entertain and inform, but they are culturally expressive conduits that have the power to transform the popular imaginary into real world practices of love and hate, peace and violence. Certainly, audiences are not passive
Race and Contention in Twenty-First Century U.S. Media (ToC, Introduction, and Conclusion)
Routledge, 2016
This volume explores and clarifies the complex intersection of race and media in the contemporary United States. Due to the changing dynamics of how racial politics are played out in the contemporary US (as seen with debates of the "post-racial" society), as well as the changing dynamics of the media itself ("new vs. old" media debates), an interrogation of the role of the media and its various institutions within this area of social inquiry is necessary. Contributors contend that race in the United States is dynamic, connected to social, economic, and political structures which are continually altering themselves. The book seeks to highlight the contested space that the media provides for changing dimensions of race, examining the ways that various representations can both hinder or promote positive racial views, considering media in relation to other institutions, and moving beyond thinking of media as a passive and singular institution.
Merging the Subfields of Racialization and Media Policy
Racializing Media Policy, 2023
Racialization is an important concept when looking at structural mechanisms that perpetuate racial inequalities. The State, and its various organizational spaces of action, is often seen as a site for race to be enacted. Policy sectors such as housing, education, taxation, and immigration have been ripe areas of research that reflect this. However, media policy research has not effectively engaged with this critical conception. Media policy research has been driven by political economy perspectives within the field of Mass Communication and Media Studies, and can benefit from an approach that analyzes it in relation to social science perspectives that focus on processes which constitute, or are constituted by, actors, groups, and organizations. Our hope is that future researchers will find this volume useful in further developing critical studies of media policy that take into account race as a social force.
The war of the worlds: Understanding representation of minorities in Media
The world ages as we speak and as it grows, it evolves into a globalized entity. It has transformed into a global village, as many scholars such as claim -and it is quite true. In modern times an individual can even experience multiple, interwoven layers of diversification of culture. For instance, eating Indian cuisine on a street near Big Ben in London.