Thermal efficiency of charcoal fired cookstoves in Ghana (original) (raw)
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The Assessment of Combustion Performance of Improved Cookstoves in Sierra Leone
International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology , 2023
Improved charcoal cookstoves are being produced indiscriminately by unlicensed local craftspeople, and their use is expanding quickly in Sierra Leone. There have not been any comprehensive or in-depth analyses of efficiency or charcoal savings on Wonder stoves and Metal stoves. In this study, the performance of two improved charcoal cookstovesthe Wonder stove and the Metal stove-was assessed. To conduct efficiency and charcoal-saving analyses, a set of charcoals from the Abura tree (mitragyna cilliata) and another set from assorted trees: Mango tree (Mangifera indica) and Matchstick tree (Aechmea gamosepala) were prepared. When Abura charcoal and other types of charcoal (assorted) were to test the efficiency of the stoves, the results obtained for the Wonder stove showed average efficiencies of 19.67% and 14.68%, respectively, while those for the Metal stove showed efficiencies of 17.79% and 14.75%. When burned charcoals were compared at the high-power phase cold start in both stoves, the Wonder stove saved 54.21% of the charcoal with a corresponding time of 4.42 minutes, while the Metal stove saved 1.40% of the charcoal with a similar time of 4.34 minutes.
In Ghana, about 73% of households rely on solid fuels for cooking. Over 13,000 annual deaths are attributed to exposure to indoor air pollution from inefficient combustion. In this study, assessment of thermal efficiency, emissions, and total global warming impact of three cookstoves commonly used in Ghana was completed using the International Workshop Agreement (IWA) Water Boiling Test (WBT) protocol. Statistical averages of three replicate tests for each cookstove were computed. Thermal efficiency results were: wood-burning cookstove: 12.2 ± 5.00% (Tier 0); coalpot charcoal stove: 23.3 ± 0.73% (Tier 1–2); and Gyapa charcoal cookstove: 30.00 ± 4.63% (Tier 2–3). The wood-burning cookstove emitted more CO, CO 2 , and PM 2.5 than the coalpot charcoal stove and Gyapa charcoal cookstove. The emission factor (EF) for PM 2.5 and the emission rate for the wood-burning cookstove were over four times higher than the coalpot charcoal stove and Gyapa charcoal cookstove. To complete the WBT, the study results showed that, by using the Gyapa charcoal cookstove instead of the wood-burning cookstove, the global warming impact could be potentially reduced by approximately 75% and using the Gyapa charcoal cookstove instead of the coalpot charcoal cookstove by 50%. We conclude that there is the need for awareness, policy, and incentives to enable end-users to switch to, and adopt, Gyapa charcoal cookstoves for increased efficiency and reduced emissions/global warming impact.
Int J Environ Sci Nat Res, 2020
Up to 2.4 billion people (approximately 40% of the earth's population) still depend on biomass as their main source of energy and currently, there are a wide variety of stove technologies and designs aimed at providing better cooking experience to end-users. The study design was cross-sectional, and data was collected between November to March of 2019 in the Kasena Nankana Districts. The study conducted 20 in-field uncontrolled cooking tests designed to assess the fuel consumption performance of the Ace stove and the Jumbo stove. Specific Fuel Consumption (SFC), Per Capita Biomass Consumption (PcBC) and Fuel consumption rate were calculated across a variety of meal types using the two stoves. An independent T-test was employed to determine the mean differences. The results showed that the Jumbo stove averaged 1.43±0.23kg of fuel per a cooking event with a per capita annual consumption of 38.06-274.97kg while the Ace stove averaged 0.31±0.04kg per cooking event with a per capita consumption of 14.6-75.65kg. There was a statistically significant difference between the fuel consumption rate per kg of food prepared (p<0.001) between the Ace stove and the Jumbo stove (Figure 1).