Barriers to implementing holistic, community-based treatment for offenders with fetal alcohol conditions (original) (raw)

Abstract

The thesis contends that holistic, community-based treatment is preferable to carceral options for offenders with fetal alcohol conditions, presents emerging support for this contention, identifies barriers to the implementation of community-based treatment, and culminates with analyses of ways of influencing policy reform or of legally mandating noncarceral treatment options. Potential avenues that will be examined include: • Charter of Rights and Freedoms, s. 15, including an analysis from Eldridge, Law, and Auton, based on the duty to accommodate disabilities; • Constitution Act, 1982, s. 35 and its recognition and affirmation of such relevant treaty right as the alcohol ban, particularly as the ban operates as a contextual factor in a s. 15 Charter analysis as applied to affected treaty beneficiaries; and • Articles 23, 24 and 40 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, and Article 12(1) of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, particularly as ...

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References (224)

  1. segregation in a correctional facility. 252 Pursuant to the applicant's appeal under s. 672.72 of the Code, 253 Veale J. made an order of habeas corpus under s. 24(1) of the Charter, consequent upon a finding that by unduly depriving him of his liberty, D.J.'s section 7 Charter rights had been infringed. 254
  2. Veale J. took this measure under the authority of Winko v. British Columbia (Forensic Psychiatric Institute) 255 which held that the legislative scheme for dealing with NCR's does not violate s. 7 of the Charter, except in cases where governmental actions operate to thwart the scheme's emphasis on the applicant receiving appropriate treatment. Administrative convenience, Veale J. found, did not constitute a justification under s. 1 of the Charter. Habeas corpus relief had been used in Cardinal v. Director of Kent Institution, 256 as relief against administration segregation where applicants had been denied the benefit of procedural fairness. Under the aegis of habeas corpus, Veale J. ordered D. J. into the care and custody of a secure hospital facility, with appropriate conditions and treatment.
  3. D. J. illustrates the use of a Charter remedy to mandate necessary treatment for NCRs.
  4. However, D. J. is disquieting, as it provokes consideration of how many vulnerable NCRs, absent an advocate or an opportunity to be brought before a judge who will deem to remedy their situation, are languishing in inappropriate placements, not the least onerous nor the least restrictive, which may not provide necessary treatment for their mental disorders. Such individuals stand at risk of being forgotten, lost
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  16. 456 Note that the particular form of IBI, Lovass autism treatment (LAT), was not included in the Court's direction to the Crown.
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  22. Ibid. at para. 46-51. (Eldridge)
  23. CONCLUSION The focus of the research includes the legal and policy issues that present impediments to obtaining holistic, community-based treatment for offenders with FASDs. How to acquire such treatment through policy reform and legal redress is also considered. The discourse situates the history, ideology, case law, and statutory and constitutional provisions in the context of community-based treatment for such FASD offenders, many of whom are Aboriginal. Before contact, Aboriginal people had developed a restorative justice approach in community-based settings. 478 Colonizers disrupted the restorative approach, imposing their retributive system of justice, together with destructive assimilative influences such as the whiskey trade (an aspect of the fur trade) and residential schools. 479 Resultant intergenerational effects include FASDs among Aboriginal peoples. A restorative approach, consonant with an Aboriginal perspective of healing within the community, is more culturally appropriate than are carceral options for FASD offenders. 480 Considering the nature of this spectrum of disorders, characterized by involuntary organic brain impairment originating from alcohol
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