Challenges of Batteries for Electric Vehicles (original) (raw)
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IEEE Access, 2018
A variety of rechargeable batteries are now available in world markets for powering electric vehicles (EVs). The lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery is considered the best among all battery types and cells because of its superior characteristics and performance. The positive environmental impacts and recycling potential of lithium batteries have influenced the development of new research for improving Li-ion battery technologies. However, the cost reduction, safe operation, and mitigation of negative ecological impacts are now a common concern for advancement. This paper provides a comprehensive study on the state of the art of Li-ion batteries including the fundamentals, structures, and overall performance evaluations of different types of lithium batteries. A study on a battery management system for Li-ion battery storage in EV applications is demonstrated, which includes a cell condition monitoring, charge, and discharge control, states estimation, protection and equalization, temperature control and heat management, battery fault diagnosis, and assessment aimed at enhancing the overall performance of the system. It is observed that the Li-ion batteries are becoming very popular in vehicle applications due to price reductions and lightweight with high power density. However, the management of the charging and discharging processes, CO2 and greenhouse gases emissions, health effects, and recycling and refurbishing processes have still not been resolved satisfactorily. Consequently, this review focuses on the many factors, challenges, and problems and provides recommendations for sustainable battery manufacturing for future EVs. This review will hopefully lead to increasing efforts toward the development of an advanced Li-ion battery in terms of economics, longevity, specific power, energy density, safety, and performance in vehicle applications. INDEX TERMS Lithium-ion battery, state-of-the-art of lithium-ion battery, energy management system, electric vehicle.
Batteries
Recently, electric vehicle (EV) technology has received massive attention worldwide due to its improved performance efficiency and significant contributions to addressing carbon emission problems. In line with that, EVs could play a vital role in achieving sustainable development goals (SDGs). However, EVs face some challenges such as battery health degradation, battery management complexities, power electronics integration, and appropriate charging strategies. Therefore, further investigation is essential to select appropriate battery storage and management system, technologies, algorithms, controllers, and optimization schemes. Although numerous studies have been carried out on EV technology, the state-of-the-art technology, progress, limitations, and their impacts on achieving SDGs have not yet been examined. Hence, this review paper comprehensively and critically describes the various technological advancements of EVs, focusing on key aspects such as storage technology, battery ...
Batteries and battery management systems for electric vehicles
2012
The battery is a fundamental component of electric vehicles, which represent a step forward towards sustainable mobility. Lithium chemistry is now acknowledged as the technology of choice for energy storage in electric vehicles. However, several research points are still open. They include the best choice of the cell materials and the development of electronic circuits and algorithms for a more effective battery utilization. This paper initially reviews the most interesting modeling approaches for predicting the battery performance and discusses the demanding requirements and standards that apply to ICs and systems for battery management. Then, a general and flexible architecture for battery management implementation and the main techniques for state-of-charge estimation and charge balancing are reported. Finally, we describe the design and implementation of an innovative BMS, which incorporates an almost fully-integrated active charge equalizer.
Batteries
Electric vehicles (EVs) have received widespread attention in the automotive industry as the most promising solution for lowering CO2 emissions and mitigating worldwide environmental concerns. However, the effectiveness of EVs can be affected due to battery health degradation and performance deterioration with lifespan. Therefore, an advanced and smart battery management technology is essential for accurate state estimation, charge balancing, thermal management, and fault diagnosis in enhancing safety and reliability as well as optimizing an EV’s performance effectively. This paper presents an analytical and technical evaluation of the smart battery management system (BMS) in EVs. The analytical study is based on 110 highly influential articles using the Scopus database from the year 2010 to 2020. The analytical analysis evaluates vital indicators, including current research trends, keyword assessment, publishers, research categorization, country analysis, authorship, and collaborat...
Electric Vehicle Technology Battery Management -Review
International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology, 2023
In a day today life there is a tremendous development in Electric vehicle technology. Amount of energy stored in EVT vehicle is one of the important issues regarding it. Energy density is the amount of energy that can be stored in a battery per unit of weight or volume. Higher energy density means that an EV can travel further on a single charge, making it more convenient for drivers. The transportation sector is generally thought to be contributing up to 25% of all greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions globally. Hence, reducing the usage of fossil fuels by the introduction of electrified powertrain technologies such as hybrid electric vehicle (HEV), battery electric vehicle (BEV) and Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle (FCEV) is perceived as a way towards a more sustainable future. When we use IC engine, there is a large amount of pollution, At a time when the fuel prices are rocketing sky high, the daily running cost of a vehicle and its cost of ownership are hitting the roof and there is a dire need to protect our environment, alternative means of transport are few. Electric vehicle are slow expensive with limited range the solution comes in the form of electrical vehicle.
Battery Choice and Management for New-Generation Electric Vehicles
IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2005
Different types of electric vehicles (EVs) have been recently designed with the aim of solving pollution problems caused by the emission of gasoline-powered engines. Environmental problems promote the adoption of new-generation electric vehicles for urban transportation. As it is well known, one of the weakest points of electric vehicles is the battery system. Vehicle autonomy and, therefore, accurate detection of battery state of charge (SoC) together with battery expected life, i.e., battery state of health, are among the major drawbacks that prevent the introduction of electric vehicles in the consumer market. The electric scooter may provide the most feasible opportunity among EVs. They may be a replacement product for the primary-use vehicle, especially in Europe and Asia, provided that drive performance, safety, and cost issues are similar to actual engine scooters.
Batteries: Classification and Review of Electric Circuit Models for Electric Vehicle
2022
Traditional Transportation system is used fossil fuels which created Green House Gas Emission (GHE) and exploited the environmental conditions. Now days the initiative is reflected in many countries of transforming from traditional gasoline based transportation system towards Electric Transportation. There are two types of Electric Transportation system such as Retrofitting based Electric vehicle system and Battery operated Electrical Vehicle (EV) system. Mostly Battery operated Electric Vehicles are attracting to users. Utilisations of EV are day by day increasing and hence there is need to enhance the entire performance of EV by designing the optimistic internal parameters of Battery used in sub systems of EV. The entire performance of battery is depending upon the various factors of battery such as specific energy, specific power, life cycle, safety, charge time, internal resistances, charge and discharge time, temperature, cost, and toxicity. Hence there is need to deals with th...
A Review on Hybrid Energy Storage System for Electric Vehicles
2021
Recently, expanded emission standards and a push for less dependence on petroleum derivatives also prompted an expansion in the market for electrified vitality cars. Rapidly open vitality storage frameworks (ESSs) serve as a litmus test for the mainstream consumer penetration of hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), module HEVs, & electric vehicles (EVs). This is mostly due to exorbitant value of ESS available present-day. Regardless, significant study efforts are being made to decrease the cost of these capacity gadgets, extend their life span, and enhance their vitality thickness. This article intends to include an analysis of the current state of readily available battery & ultracapacitor (Known As UC) technologies as well as a glance forward to promoting advanced battery sciences and cutting-edge ESS. Apart from battery state/parameter calculation and assurance elements, energy management frameworks & various battery changing designs are discussed.
Battery and battery management for hybrid electric vehicles: a review
e & i Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik, 2006
According to the legal, social and economic requirements for improved road transportation hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) are one of the most intensively investigated vehicle concepts of today. To exploit their potential for emission reduction and performance improvement the energy storage system has to be considered as one of the key components of HEVs. This paper reviews the present state of the art pointing out advantages and drawbacks for each battery technology relevant for HEV application. Moreover, it describes the main constrains and requirements from the battery management's point of view. The tools usually applied by battery system developers are covered as well as the processes for identification and design of the optimal battery pack and the appropriate battery management. Finally, the main adjustments that are necessary for customizing a basic battery management system for a given battery chemistry are discussed.