Essential oil: economic and herbal importance in aromatherapy (original) (raw)
Related papers
IJAPR, 2018
Volatile oils are concentrated odorous essences extracted from various plant parts such as flowers, fruits, heart-wood, rhizome and leaves. They are frequently employed in food flavoring, perfume, medicine and aromatherapy. Essential oils are extracted from various processes such as hydro distillation, effleurage and eucelle depending upon the plant part containing the essential oil. Essential oils are inhaled in the form of fine mist of vapour through aromatherapy and some of them are highly beneficial when ingested. These oils have been used traditionally for preservation of foods, spices and condiments. Essential oils or ethereal oils are natural, complex, multi-component, highly concentrated essences of aromatic plant systems composed mainly of terpenes units in addition to some other non-terpene components. These units biosynthesized by mevalonic acid pathway. Isoprenes/hemi-terpenes are five carbon compound having two unsaturated bonds. In this review paper an attempt has been done to emphasize the most valuable essential oils of Indian origin from nature with focus particularly on the chemical constituents, medicinal and pharmacological usage of volatile oils.
Essential Oil: Production for Health Care in Current Scenario
Essential oils are complex mixtures of many natural components contains volatile aroma compounds extracts from fragrant plants. It can be extracted from different part of the plant, like leaves, grasses, flowers, wood and shrubs. The chemical properties of these aromatic substances may be due to different chemical compounds. These have medicinal, therapeutic and antimicrobial properties. Essential oil has been obtained from plant by the distillation technique at ancient time. But due to less amount of essential oil present in aromatic medicinal plant. Steam distillation, solvent extraction and supercritical fluid extraction are used to extraction of essential oil for better oil recovery. Oil percent can be evaluated by gas liquid chromatography (GLC) and molecular structures identified by gas liquid mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). The qualities of essential oil depend on both the cultivation of the herbs and extraction process of oils from the plants. Natural compounds are source of safer or more effective substitutes for artificial pesticides and also provide an alternative way to prevent cure diseases. Large scale productions of aromatic plants are good source of earning of farmers. It can be play important role for the growth and economy of the country.
Essential Oils: Brief Background and Uses
2018
Essential Oils Definition and concept Essential oils are highly volatile, aromatic yields obtained from plants. Due to their volatility, they can easily be extracted by the method of steam distillation from different natural sources [1]. The oil secreting glands are located in fruits, flowers, seeds, wood, leaves, roots, barks and sometimes present throughout the body of the plant. The essential oils are named after their mother plant from where they are isolated and the odor also resembles the organ of the plant from where they are extracted. The aroma of these volatile yields is generally more concentrated in the essential oils. Different authors have defined essential oils, but a precise one is proposed by Schilcher, Hegnauer, and Cohn Richter and further concluded by Sonwa [2]. "Essential is a biochemical product or a combination of similar products, which are generated in cytoplasmic fluid and are located in intercellular space in the form of minute droplets. They are highly odorous and volatile in nature." They can be comprised of combinations of aromatic compounds or combinations of aromatic and non-aromatic compounds where an aromatic compound is defined as a "compound which possess chemical purity, volatile in ambient environment and possess odor which can please the aesthetic sense of the society". A more specific definition is proposed by International Organization for standardization (ISO) which states "extract procured from raw material of natural origin i.e. plant by steam distillation, by processes that involve mechanical extraction from the epicarp of citrus fruits or by physical extraction such as dry distillation following elution of the aqueous phase and may also have post extraction physical analysis provided that no changes in its composition takes place [2,3]. As mentioned earlier, essential oils are multiplex, comprising of various components, mostly of liquid state but may also comprise of solid particles. At an ambient temperature, these yields may appear colorless to light yellow in color when obtained currently, aromatic and are readily absorbed through the skin epidermis. These essential oils are low density fractions except for cinnamon, Sassafras and clove oils which have high density than water but are soluble in solvents such as diethyl ether, ethanol and miscible in vegetable oils, waxes and fats. Physical attributes of essential oils include high rotary strength and refraction index. Historical context The essential oils have been used for centuries for different purposes and regarded with great intrigue, albeit many their uses have been lost with time, it is by and large acknowledged that people have been extracting them from fragrant plants since the very beginning of humankind. Their application for various purposes are gradually changed and not only used for culinary purposes to Essential Oils: Brief Background and Uses
Study of essential oil bearing plants, their composition and Ayurvedic herbalism
2024
Article Information Plants are an important source of many products and play a significant role in the human lifestyle all over the world. Plants produce secondary metabolites in which essential oil is one of the important chemical constituents. It has a unique aromatic smell and is used in different industries for various biological activities. In Ayurveda, essential oil is used in aromatherapy which is an ancient therapeutic knowledge or practice for healing the health of humankind. Thus, this paper focuses on all important aspects such as essential oils and their applications, taxonomic details of essential oil-bearing plant species, IUCN status, chemical composition, and therapeutic significance.
Essential Oils: Its Medicinal and Pharmacological Uses
journalcra.com
Essential oils have been important substances since early times. The review of its extraction methods and applications were treated in this study. These include hydrodistillation, hydrodiffusion, effleurage, steam distillation, cold pressing, solvent extraction, microwave assisted process and carbondioxide extraction. Its applications both the medicinal and therapeutics, such as aromatherapy, phytotherapy, antibacterial and antifungal uses, hypolipidemic, antitumor etc. were also reviewed.
Pharmaceutical and Therapeutic Potentials of Essential Oils
Essential Oils - Advances in Extractions and Biological Applications, 2022
It is a common perspective that medicinal plants have played and continue to perform an undeniably major role in the lives of people worldwide. Essential oils are the key constituents of medicinal herbs and their biological activities have been discovered since ancient times and are enormously utilised in multiple industries. The essential oils possess important biological properties like antibacterial, antioxidant, antiviral, insecticidal, etc. Because of these unique features they are more acceptable and are utilised in various fields throughout the world. In the cosmetics industry they play an important role in the development of perfumes while in the food industry they have been used as food preservatives. Essential oil components are interestingly utilised for pharmaceutical applications. The most investigated properties are antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, wound-healing, anxiolytic activities etc. The current thrust area is evaluation for aromatherapy and anti-ca...
Essential Oils in the Development of New Medicinal Products
2020
The essential oils present a complex composition of different chemical compounds, where they present synergic or complementary action among each other, modifying their activity. Among its main components we can find the terpenoids and phenylpropanoids, which are responsible for giving the medicinal properties. Essential oils generally have a pleasant and intense odor, mostly in liquid form, found in different plant organs and are soluble in polar solvents. Essential oils are volatile, and are widely used in the perfume industry, cosmetics, food and beverage aroma, as well as use in aromatherapy to treat some diseases. The traditional knowledge of some plant species with phytotherapeutic properties is currently a source for research in the search for new biologically active compounds and as effective therapeutics that contemplate current health care.
2020
Modern science has tended to use several natural substances that have little or no side effects in daily use or to treat many diseases. Among these materials are essential oils that represent one of the secondary metabolic products of many plants such as Terpenes and Terpenoids, Alkaloids, and the Phenolic compounds, which are extracted by special methods from different parts of the plants. Several applications were using the essential oils such as in the nutrition, cosmetic manufacture, and alternatives to synthetic medication that uses to treatment several infections and diseases as disinfection, as an anti-inflammatory, mouthwashes, as well as in cleaning and calm mood and pesticides. This review describes essential oils, methods of their extraction, and ways of utilization and their application.
Applications of Essential Oils and Plant Extracts in Different Industries
Molecules
Essential oils (EOs) and plant extracts are sources of beneficial chemical compounds that have potential applications in medicine, food, cosmetics, and the agriculture industry. Plant medicines were the only option for preventing and treating mankind’s diseases for centuries. Therefore, plant products are fundamental sources for producing natural drugs. The extraction of the EOs is the first important step in preparing these compounds. Modern extraction methods are effective in the efficient development of these compounds. Moreover, the compounds extracted from plants have natural antimicrobial activity against many spoilage and disease-causing bacteria. Also, the use of plant compounds in cosmetics and hygiene products, in addition to their high marketability, has been helpful for many beauty problems. On the other hand, the agricultural industry has recently shifted more from conventional production systems to authenticated organic production systems, as consumers prefer products ...