Urban Readings on Public Art Representations in Landscape Architecture (original) (raw)

" Urban art " as a Landscape Phenomenon in today's Society

Today in literature of "Urban Art" in our country, the definition of it, is either based on the mission of art work to improve the quality of urban landscape or on a variety of art works in the city; however the interesting point here is that the Urban Art is not clearly determined in the previous studies. How can it affect the quality of urban landscape? And whether all works of art in the city are caused such qualities? With the distribution of artworks all over the cities and failure to reach their maximum determined targets, it seems that Urban Art has been backed away from its original essence and subdued by some styles attenuating its values as much as decorations and ornaments of city. Therefore, it has not only lost its meaningful presence in the city, but also [the present application of it] has led to some sort of confusion. To achieve the desired goals, this paper suggests considering "urban art" as a landscape phenomenon, because it depends on two components, "citizen" (human) as the "target audience" that urban art works are created for him, and "social space" as an environment to form perceptions and social interactions, not just a simple context of the works. Finally it concludes, in modern times, the most appropriate platform for urban art is not every urban space and public space, but it is a social space establishing the social connections as the highest goal of civic life to be able to invite the target audiences to understand art works and achieve urban qualities in this calling.

Art in the urban landscape

URBAN DESIGN International, 1997

This paper discusses the emerging use of public art in cities as a means of positively transforming the urban environment. It emphasizes the need for a symbiosis between an appropriate urban design and the natural transformation that occurs with the placement of sculptures in an urban context. It comments on several examples of planned artistic interventions and, in particular, analyses a recent major project of urban design in Concepcion, the third largest city in Chile. An environmental vision, that addresses itself to the contemporary city's development, has also to consider that urban spaces should provide adequate venues for leisure and civic entertainment for the inhabitant. Historically, the notion of art has been associated with the degree of culture of society and, indeed, it represents the expression and spirit of our urban communities. Hence, together with the macro-planning goals of development, there exists a chance to restore people's sense of belonging and pride of place, providing adequate spaces related to artistic manifestations that can contribute to the overall quality of life in neighbourhoods and inner city areas. The conclusions suggest that these types of artistic expression can be a key factor, but only by integration, that is a combination of an appropriate scale of intervention through urban design, rather than 'parachuting' the art into different places. 'Art is the only one way to get away, without leaving home' (Graffiti in Harvard Square, Boston 1992.

Art in Urban Spaces

Sustainability

This study investigates the effect of art on promoting the meaning of the urban space. After considering the semantic dimension of the urban space and the mechanism of transferring the meanings of art through the views of experts, a model is presented for examining the art’s cooperation in promoting urban space meaning. In the first stage, the categories of space meanings influenced by art were extracted using the qualitative method of interpretative phenomenological analysis, and by examining 61 in-depth interviews in 6 urban spaces eligible for urban art in Tehran. In the second stage, these categories were surveyed in these spaces through 600 questionnaires after converting to the questionnaire items. Based on the results, “experience and perception capability”, “social participation”, and “relationship with context” were the main themes of the semantic relationships between art and urban space. Further, the lower scores related to the theme of “social participation” in the quant...

URBAN PUBLIC ART PLANNING AND ITS RELEVANCE TO URBAN CENTERS

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR INNOVATIVE RESEARCH IN MULTIDISCIPLINARY FIELD , 2021

In recent years, public art in cities has received a lot of traction. The high rate of urbanization and the growth of world cities have aided in the promotion of public art in cities. Many governments are working to construct and design millennium cities that will attract visitors, investors, and expatriates while also putting their countries on the map as beautiful places in the world. Urban public art of today is increasingly linked with urban planning initiatives. These urban planning initiatives have the aim to organize and develop cities, as well as communicate with members of the community. An aspect of this can be done through urban public art. Most urban public art makes an aesthetic expression through art communicating cultural, heritage, historic and social symbols to the community. Qualitative data analyses were used in this study. After, data sampled through surveys will be analyzed to establish findings. The significance of this research is to examine how the collaboration between urban public art and urban planning works to achieve sustainable communities.

Public art and the making of urban space

City, Territory and Architecture, 2014

Following in the footsteps of seminal studies like E. W. Soja Postmetropolis: Critical Studies of Cities and Regions (2000) or Miwon Kwon One Place After Another: Site-specific Art and Locational Identity (2004), this article constitutes a contribution to our current understanding of contemporary societies, more specifically to the shaping of urban identities and the role of contemporary art when revealing the most current and ubiquitous mechanisms of cultural hegemony at the terrain of the visual arts. The interpretation is rooted in the analysis of concepts such as the site-specificity component of the works he discusses through the paper. To sum up, the article supposes a revision of historical and social aspects of public art, in which the language of hermeneutics intends to challenge rather than validate Modernity's set of discourses of what public art is mean to serve. The monster of public art: Kitsch Public art is the child of the postmodern condition. And the first and natural reaction against "geometric" urban

How public art can revitalise urban spaces

Public art has accompanied humans all along recorded history. The first pieces may be the cave paintings of Lascaux. Some contemporary public art is commercial whereas another portion is produced on a voluntary basis by professional artists and amateurs alike. Public art can be authorised and financed by the government or private patrons or executed without permission and even against rules around private property. Some public art is site-specific: it is created for a particular place and has a significant connection to its location. Other works are created in an artist's studio and then transported to a site to which they relate only in a very general way, if at all. Besides traditional forms such as sculptures, memorials, and murals, the notion of public art has expanded to include performances, installations, earthworks, light and sound projections, graffiti, and even flash mobs. The newest arrival is digital art, in the form of mixed or augmented reality. How public art can revitalise urban spaces-The Fifth Estate about:reader?url=https%3A%2F%2Fthefifthestate.com.au%2Furbani...

Art in Public Space: Spatial Strategies

Bizzare Love Triangle - Public Sculptures in Novi Sad, 2014

The aim of this paper is to clarify the concepts of public art and public space, possible art forms and modes of action, but also the ways citizens can participate in public space. The term "strategy" is used due to the complexity of the problem of art in public space and it includes a number of factors: planning, financing, permits, public tenders etc. Following the main theme of the meeting "Sculpture in Public Space", the article discusses the possibilities of artistic activities in less traditional, contemporary modes of artistic expression such as installations, objects, interventions and the possibility of creating a "place" through art in public space. The concept of public art Art in public space comprises all forms of art that are implemented in public space: from traditional sculptures to installations, objects, murals, street art, performances, happenings etc. The broader term of art in public space denotes all the activities which shape public urban spaces like urban planning, architecture, urban furniture, lighting and many more. Art in public space implies a wider audience than the art displayed in galleries and is more prone to criticism because it is directly interwoven in daily life. All of us are the audience of public art, whether we like it or not. For this reason, it is important to determine what our rights are when it comes to the use and creation of public space. The concept and the genesis of public space Public space was established during the development of the Ancient Greek polis as an agora, which served as a meeting place for the discussion of public issues and finding the solution for them. Agora was also the place where the town hall was situated. This tells us about the level of awareness and the importance of public space since ancient times. Starting from the agora and later on from the Roman Forum, different forms of organised public life were built up, among which the most important was certainly the city square. Public space requires a democratic society; it is a place of debates, while public art implies the audience of active citizens with critical views. The opposite of a citizen is not a peasant, but a vassal 1. Therefore, architecture is the kind of art that determines the public space as physical, but also as mental space i.e. the public sphere. There is no dichotomy between the concepts of architecture and public space as architecture is the very essence of public space. It is a projection of human needs, habits and beliefs within the space and the framework of its movement. As such, it creates public space both physically and in the sense of meaning and has a twofold role in articulating public art. The first role, immanent in the very architecture, is the physical creation of space, i.e. the architecture as the scene of events. The second, in a broad sense of the term public art can become, through the processes of architectural design, a player in the field of urban design, planning of the location for monuments and inclusion of the citizens and artists in the process of spatial planning. Who does public space belong to? The crucial issue regarding public space refers to the question of ownership, i.e. answers a broader sociological question: who is entitled to the city? The question of the participation in managing-how to act on the interests of the public, what are the interests and how many of them are at citizens' disposal when it comes to managing the public space. Architecture as art in public space is manifested in the fact that it constitutes public space by itself, although we tend to miss this point as we look at architecture not as art, but as something which is found within space itself-as something that occurs 1 KsenijaPetovar, a sociologist

The Place of Public Art in Social Change

Social Science Research Network, 2010

The main focus of this paper is the implementation of social committed public art projects in urban renewal actions. It seeks to explore the democratic potential in urban artistic interventions and to challenge the view of public art as a collective good, by examining the role of public art works in terms of urban governance. It takes into account the first public art projects realized in Italy within the Nuovi Committenti Programme and it shows how recent practices of public art are intended both to design the physical appearance of the city and to rebuild the relationship that underpin urban life. Nuovi Committenti, promoting citizen participation in the patronage and production of contemporary art project that acknowledge a concrete demand for a better quality of life, seems to take into account a change in the relation between art and the society and it shows how public art can laid the foundations for more integrated urban regeneration projects. KEYWORDS: city, public art, community, social change, urban regeneration 1. Art and the city: the historical evolution of a dense relationship Art has always been one of the leading actors of the city-building process. Moreover in the past artworks were considered tangible signs of the men who have lived in the city. Monuments The relationship between art and the city in past centuries, has found expression in the realization of civic monuments or in the construction of large religious building such as churches and cathedrals. On the one hand art founded sustenance in the city and its citizens, on the other hand the monument was the major channel used for the transmission of political, economic and social values (Romano 1997, 2008; Sacco 2006). Throughout history, two different interpretations of the artistic contribution to urban planning were given: the first one refers to the idea of civic aesthetic and the second one takes into account the idea of mere embellishment. Until the modern design of urban space belongs both to traditional arts, such as painting and sculpture, and to architecture and urban planning and it is often the city in its entirety to be considered a work of art. In this context, the arts, wholly considered, make legible the life, the history and the thoughts of inhabitants, so that citizens feel represented and responsible of its urban space. The urbs, or in other words the materiality of the city, is thus the product of the civitas. With the advent of industrial revolution, however, the division of knowledge becomes clear and the contribution of art to urban design becomes limited to decorative or celebratory function. For centuries all the important architectural projects-churches, public and noble buildings, squares, schools, monasteries, hospitals, bridges, factories, ports and so on-were born together with works of art, paintings, sculptures, carvings, mosaics and ornaments (Pulini 2009). Until the late nineteenth century architects were trained, in fact, in the same school of sculptors and painters. In other words those who drew churches and palaces were trained as artists and had attended academies and art shops. Architects were also painters, sculptors, or designers (Pulini 2009). Urban planning took into account the beauty as an end. The recognition of the identity of each person as part of a collective body, the civitas, depended on the beauty itself. Thus fertile were

Public Art from Symbolism to Randomness: The Missed Role of Art in Urban Open Spaces

Cities’ Vocabularies: The Influences and Formations, 2021

Since ancient times, art played a significant role in people's life. It fulfills their spiritual needs and represents their culture. Art is a powerful tool for shaping the spirits, minds, morality, and emotions of people. As with any other aspect of life, art has its periods of prosperity and crumble. Before, public art had been represented in art pieces displayed at museums, but then, the meaning extended to art in outdoor spaces. The scope of this research is public art installed in open spaces. The main aim of the study is to shed light on the lost role of public art in Egyptian cities in shaping the cultural and social life to help fighting this phenomenon and reviving the role of art in the community. The research revealed that the absence of having a comprehensive plan that controls the construction and installation of art pieces in open spaces and the ignorance of the artists' role in the community are the most important reasons behind the problem of randomness of art in public spaces.

Art in public space as a tool of social inclusion

Teka Komisji Architektury, Urbanistyki i Studiów Krajobrazowych, 1970

What would art be if it were not viewed by people and could not influence the environment? Without the audience and spectators, it would be nothing, therefore it should be accessible and “graspable” for everyone. Elements of art placed in urban space have always enriched the “urban tissue”, providing man with many positive experiences. They enter into a dialogue with the city’s inhabitants, contribute to the growth of the its potential, and at the same time, influence all the senses of human beings. Art in urban space influences the perception of its audience, encourages dialogue, and creates a platform for better understanding of people’s needs and their functioning in the public sphere. It also plays an important role in the process of socialisation of the society, regardless of where it is exhibited.