PZT Preparation and Studying its Structural , Dielectric and Piezoelectric Properties (original) (raw)
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A Simple Analysis of Dielectric Properties of PZT
Reason-A Technical Journal, 2012
Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT), a very important perovskite material, has been fabricated by ceramic processing method. Dependence of dielectric properties on temperature and frequency of electric field has been investigated. A two layered RC circuit model resembling grain and grain-boundary is employed to analyze the variation of dielectric constant with frequency of electric field. Fluctuations in the measure of dielectric constant are indicative of the presence of defects and impurities in the grain boundary region. Temperature effect has been described by the structural change caused by phase transition which is quite susceptible to the ratio of Zr to Ti in material composition. Specifically near morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) with the presence of mixed tetragonal and rhombohedral phases, a large variation of dielectric constant can effectively be explained by Maxwell-Wagner relaxation of polarization charges at the grain-grain boundary interface.
Structural and Dielectric Properties of PZT Ceramics Prepared by Solid-State Reaction Route
Polycrystalline Pb (Zr1-xTix)O3 with x = 0.50 abbreviated as PZT has been prepared by high energy solid-state reaction technique. Analysis of XRD patterns of this composition suggests the formation of PZT phase with tetragonal structure. SEM st udies were used for microstructural characterization. The dielectric properties of PZT ceramics have been characterized. The measurements have been made in frequency ranging from 100 Hz to 1 MHz and between room temperature (RT) and 550ºC for low and high frequencies. At RT, the value of dielectric constant (εr) is 515.492 at 1 KHz whereas the loss tangent is 0.005. From εr (T) measurements, the Curie temperature of our sample has been determined at 380ºC. The increase of εr observed at high temperatures and low frequencies in the paraelectric state are explained, this abnormal behavior is due to the migration of oxygen ions towards the electrodes.
High-frequency properties of PZT for RF-communication applications
Materials Science and Engineering: B, 2003
Lead–zirconate–titanate (PbZr0.53Ti0.47O3) nano powders and ceramics were prepared using a sol–gel method. Phase characterization of the lead–zirconate–titanate (PZT) material was identified by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). Micro-structure of the samples was examined by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Ferroelectric hysteresis loop, high-frequency dielectric response and piezoelectric constant d33 were measured. The remnant polarization (Pr) of the PZT ceramics pellet is about 20 μC cm−2 and the coercive field (EC) is about 30 kV cm−1. The dielectric constant is about 900 and the dielectric loss is lower than 0.02 in the radio-frequency (RF) region. The piezoelectric constant d33 is about 170 pC N−1. The experimental results show that the PZT material can be suitable for the applications of miniature RF front-end devices and force-electric coupling devices.
The improvement in dielectric and ferroelectric performance of PZT–PZN ceramics by thermal treatment
Current Applied Physics, 2007
Pyrochlore-free lead zirconate titanate -lead zinc niobate ceramics have been systematically investigated in the as-sintered condition as well as after annealing. The ceramics were characterized by dielectric spectroscopy and Sawyer-Tower polarization (P-E) measurements. The powders of Pb[(Zr 1/2 Ti 1/2 ) (1Àx) -(Zn 1/3 Nb 2/3 ) x ]O 3 , where x = 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 were prepared using the columbite-(wolframite) precursor method. The general trend seems to indicate that the annealed samples become more normal-ferroelectric-like behavior as opposed to the relaxor-ferroelectric-like behavior observed in the as-sintered state. The as-sintered 0.9PZT-0.1PZN ceramic exhibited weak relaxor-ferroelectric behavior, with a relatively low dielectric constant maximum of 14,000 measured at 1 kHz. Annealing resulted in a transition to normal-ferroelectric-like behavior, a shift in the dielectric maximum temperature from 360°C to 350°C, and a dramatic increase in the dielectric constant at 1 kHz to a maximum value of 35,000 for the longer anneal. After thermal annealing at 900°C for one week a strong enhancement of remanent polarization (P r ) was observed.
Dielectric and piezoelectric properties of microwave sintered PZT
Smart Materials and Structures, 2001
In this paper, the dielectric and piezoelectric properties of sol-gel derived and microwave sintered PZT are presented. It has been observed that the microwave sintering results in a material with a higher dielectric constant (≈1600) than that sintered by conventional methods (≈1480). It also offers a low dielectric loss tangent and improved d 33 . Pellets sintered by the microwave method at 1100 • C are found to have high hardness (≈1460 MPa) on the Vickers hardness scale with a theoretical density of ≈94% in comparison with that sintered by the conventional method (i.e. ≈980 MPa and ≈84%). From a hysteresis study, the remanent polarization (P r ) and coercive field (E c ) of the microwave sintered PZT are observed to be 340 mC m −2 and 10 kV cm −1 , respectively. The value of E c in the microwave sintered sample is low and this property is desirable for device fabrication of PZT-based smart structures.
Dielectric properties of the multicomponent PZT-type solid solution
The European Physical Journal B, 2015
In this paper the multicomponent PZT-type solid solution doped by barium, calcium, strontium, bismuth and germanium with composition: Pb0.975Ba0.01Ca0.01Sr0.005(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 + 1.4 wt.% Bi2O3 + 0.3 wt.% GeO obtained by hot uniaxial pressing method is described. The results of structural, dielectric, ferroelectric and electromechanical studies of these ceramics are presented. It has been stated that introduction to the basic composition PZT admixtures of the barium, calcium, strontium, bismuth and germanium has a positive effect on the electro-physic parameters of obtained ceramic samples. This material has good microstructure, with high value of the dielectric permittivity (with the high temperature of phase transition) as well as low dielectric losses. It allows considering this material as elements for low frequency and high temperature electromechanical transducers.
Dielectric And Piezoelectric Studies Of PLZT Prepared By A Novel Method
2011
The dielectric and piezoelectric studies were carried on La doped Lead Zirconate Titanate PZT (PLZT) ceramic prepared by the method of homogenous precipitation. The material showed better dielectric constants and piezocoefficients compared to the solid state sintering method. The important point is the fine particle size and hence sintering at lower temperature. The dielectric behavior is typical of polar dielectrics with a perovskite structure. The PLZT samples with 8 % La exhibits the maximum figure of merit needed for under water sonar applications.
Nanoscale Effects on Structural and Giant Dielectric of PZT Synthesized by High Energy Ball Mill
Integrated Ferroelectrics, 2010
We report the formation of nanostructure Pb(Zr 0.53 Ti 0.47)O 3 (PZT) ceramic powder having cubic crystal structure under ambient conditions that has been found to be stable up to 800 • C. The cubic structure of nanocrystalline PZT under normal condition is attributed to the crystallite size effect. The crystallite size effect has also reflected its crucial role in substantial enhancement of the dielectric permittvity at T c that may be termed as a novel "giant dielectric permittivity" (GDP) effect. The origin of such a high permittivity (ε∼34600 at 10 kHz), not reported so far, has been traced to the changes occurring in the material microstructure, interface and grain boundary effects predominantly controlled by the crystallite size.
2004
This paper details improvements of the d 33 coefficient for thick-film Lead-Zirconate-Titanate (PZT) layers. In particular, the effect that the powder milling process has on particle size, shape and distribution has been investigated. Ball milled, jet milled and attritor milled powders were obtained from Morgan Electro-Ceramics Ltd. These powders were mixed with various ratios of lead borosilicate glass in the range of 5-20% by weight and an appropriate quantity of Electro-Science Laboratories (ESL) 400 solvent to formulate a screen printable thixotropic paste. The use of a polymer top electrode to reduce the number of firing cycles the PZT layer is subjected to was also investigated. The results show that the highest values of d 33 were obtained from the ball milled powder with 10% glass content, but the most consistent results were obtained from the attritor milled samples. The samples printed with a polymer top electrode have shown an average increase of around 15% in the value of d 33 .
Materials Sciences and Applications, 2013
The structural and electrical properties of Pb[Zr x Ti 0.95−x (Mo 1/3 In 2/3) 0.05 ]O 3 piezoelectric ceramics system with the composition near the morphotropic phase boundary were investigated as a function of the Zr/Ti ratio. Studies were performed on the samples prepared by the conventional method of thermal synthesis of mixed oxides. The materials structure was investigated by X-ray diffractometry to demonstrate the coexistence of the tetragonal and rhombohedral phases. In the present system, the MPB, in which the tetragonal and rhombohedral phases coexist, is in a composition range of 0.47 ≤ x ≤ 0.50. The lattice constants of the a and c axes for the samples were calculated from the XRD patterns. Microstructure of the sintered ceramics was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of free surfaces specimens. The relative permittivity, dielectric dissipation, piezoelectric coefficient and electromechanical coupling factor reach at maximum value x = 0.49 (ε r = 7300.345 (at the Curie temperature), tanδ = 0.002050, d 31 = 94.965 PC/N and k p = 0.513 and a Curie temperature of 430˚C). These properties are very promising for applications in ultrasonic motors.