Electrospinning Functional Polyacrylonitrile Nanofibers with Polyaniline, Carbon Nanotubes, and Silver Nitrate as Additives (original) (raw)
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Electrospinning of polyaniline-polyacrylonitrile blend nanofibers
e-Polymers, 2009
Electrospinning of emeraldine base polyaniline/polyacrylonitrile (PANI/PAN) blends with different composition ratios were performed using Nmethyl- 2-pyrrolidone (NMP) as solvent. The blends were electrospun at various electrospinning temperature and electric fields. Morphology and fibers diameters were investigated by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). The average diameter of nanofibers and their distributions were determined from 100 measurements of the random fibers with image analyzer software (manual microstructure distance measurement). Electrical conductivity of the prepared mats was characterized using standard four point probe method. The fibers with diameter ranging from 60 to 600 nm were obtained. The PANI/PAN blends containing up to the PANI content of 30% could be electrospun into the continuous fibrous structure, although pure PANI solution was not able to be electrospun into the fibrous structure. Average of fiber diameter decreased with increasing PANI content and ...
In this study, the effects of different dopants such as camphorsulfonic acid (CSA), dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid sodium salt (DBSANa +), different solvents such as N,N'-dimethylformamide (DMF), and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and different mixing processes such as magnetic mixing and mechanical mixing on the morphology, conductivity and mechanical properties of PAN/PANi composite nanofibers are investigated. It has been seen that composite nanofibers had the smallest fiber diameter, lowest conductivity and lowest mechanical properties when CSA (dopant) and DMF (solvent) are used. However, the composite nanofibers in which the polyaniline is doped with CSA in DMSO (solvent) had better conductivity and mechanical properties, besides having thicker diameters. When the mixing effects compared, mechanical mixing process resulted in higher mechanical properties of nanofibers compared to magnetic mixing process, while there was not much difference between fiber diameter and conductivity values.
Advances in Materials Science and Engineering, 2015
Electrospun polymer nanofibers with high surface area to volume ratio and tunable characteristic are formed through the application of strong electrostatic field. Electrospinning has been identified as a straight forward and viable technique to produce nanofibers from polymer solution as their initial precursor. These nanofiber materials have attracted attention of researchers due to their enhanced and exceptional nanostructural characteristics. Electrospun polyaniline (PANI) based nanofiber is one of the important new materials for the rapidly growing technology development such as nanofiber based sensor devices, conductive tissue engineering scaffold materials, supercapacitors, and flexible solar cells applications. PANI however is relatively hard to process compared to that of other conventional polymers and plastics. The processing of PANI is daunting, mainly due to its rigid backbone which is related to its high level of conjugation. The challenges faced in the electrospinning ...
Uniform and thin polyaniline/carbon nanofiber (PANi/CNF) hybrid nanofibers has been prepared using electrospinning method. Three polymer solutions with different components were examined for synthesis of PANi/CNF electrospun nanofibers. The SEM technique and FT-IR analysis were used to characterize the hybrid nanofibers. Effects of process parameters and used materials on the morphology and diameter of PANi/CNF hybrid nanofibers were experimentally studied in the each of polymer solutions. The resulting nanofibers obtained from the polymer solution containing commercial PANi with combination of dichloroacetic acid (DCAA) and 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (AMPSA) were more uniform and thinner than prepared fibers from other polymer solutions. The average diameter of synthesized hybrid nanofibres using the polymer solution containing AMPSA/DCAA was about 100 nm.
Synthesis and Potential Applications of Electrospun Polyacrylonitrile Nanofibers
Journal of emerging technologies and innovative research, 2020
Electrospinning is a very simple process for producing nanofibers from any polymer solution via high-electric voltage. It utilizes electric forces and hence the electrical properties of the solution are affected. It has been recognized an effective method for the manufacturing of nanofibers. In recent years nanofibers have been successfully produced by electrospinning using various polymers. Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers have unique properties like large surface area to volume ratio, mechanical strength, and flexibility so they can be used in various applications. PAN solution has rich contents of carbon so it is mostly used for synthesis of Carbon nanofibers. This paper reports the synthesis of PAN nanofibers, their diameter and surface morphology.
Electrospun Nanofibers of Polyaniline-Carbon Black Composite for Conductive Electrode Applications
Polyaniline is known for its good thermal stability, high electrical conductivity and corrosion resistance. Incorporating fillers like carbon black as secondary phases enhances these properties, making it available for electrical and electronics applications. Introducing these composites as nanofibers on an electrode overlay can be beneficial from electron mobility standpoint. Electrospinning is one of the commonly pursued methods for synthesizing nanofibers. However, it is difficult to electrospin polyaniline alone as it is insoluble in organic/inorganic solvents. Inorder to overcome this problem, polyaniline is blended with binder solutions like polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). But, the presence of an insulating carrier like PVA introduces a percolation threshold (threshold voltage beyond which a material starts behaving as a conductor) which can affect applications where high conductivity is required. The problem adds up when carbon black is introduced into the polyaniline matrix. Carbon black tends to create a solid gel when mixed with PVA resulting in a high viscosity solution which makes this blend not suitable for electrospinning. In the present chapter, highly conductive porous (~70%) polyaniline-carbon black composite nanofiber mats were fabricated via electrospinning. The fiber mat was electrospun using polyvinyl alcohol as carrier solution which was later decomposed at ~230 °C to get a complete conducting nanofiber network and did not
Development of conducting polyaniline/poly(lactic acid) nanofibers by electrospinning
Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2009
Ultrafine fibers consisting of blends of polyaniline doped with p-toluene sulfonic acid and poly(L-lactic acid) were prepared by electrospinning. The presence of polyaniline resulted in fibers with diameters as thin as 100–200 nm and a significant reduction of bead formation. These fibers were visually homogeneous, and this indicated good interactions between the components of the polyaniline/poly(L-lactic acid) blend. The high interaction between the components and the rapid evaporation of the solvent during electrospinning resulted in nanofibers with a lower degree of crystallinity in comparison with cast films. The electrical conductivity of the electrospun fiber mats was lower than that of blend films produced by casting, probably because of the lower degree of crystallinity of the polyaniline dispersion and the high porosity of the nonwoven mat. This novel system opens up new and interesting opportunities for applications in biomedical devices, biodegradable materials, and sensors, among other things. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2019
Electrospinning is the most widely utilized method to create nanofibers because of the direct setup, the capacity to mass-deliver consistent nanofibers from different polymers, and the ability to produce ultrathin fibers with controllable diameters. Smooth and much arranged ultrafine Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers with diameters going from submicron to nanometer were delivered utilizing Electrospinning technique. PAN powder was used as a precursor to prepare the solution utilized as a part of this process. At the point when the electrostatic repulsion contradicted surface tension, a charged stream of polymer solution was shot out from the head of the spinneret and along these lines ultrathin nonwoven fibers were created. The effect of electrospinning parameter such as applied voltage, feed rate, concentration of polymer solution and tip to collector distance on the morphology of electrospun PAN nanofibers were investigated. The nanofibers were heat treated for carbonization to examine the changes in properties and composition to make for electrical application. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was performed before and after carbonization to study electrical conductivity and morphological characterization. The SEM images have shown the uniform fiber diameter and no beads formation. The average diameter of the PAN fiber observed 365nm and 280nm for flat plat and rotating drum collector respectively. The four probe strategy was utilized to inspect the electrical conductivity of the nanofibers and the electrical conductivity is significantly improved with increase in oxidation temperature exposed.
Effects of temperature and humidity on electrospun conductive nanofibers based on polyaniline blends
Journal of Nanoparticle Research
This study focuses and discusses the effects of temperature and humidity on electrospun conductive nanofibers, made with different polymer blends, deposited directly on interdigitated electrodes. The selected conductive polymers were based on blends of polyaniline emeraldine salt form and three different carrier hosting polymers: polyvinilpyrrolidone, polystyrene, and polyethylene oxide respectively. The obtained fibrous layers were investigated by the electrical measurements and morphological analysis (scanning electron microscopy). The study was made on the correlation between the electrical changes and morphological discrepancies due to temperature treatment. Moreover, this article reports the effects of relative humidity variations on electrical parameters. Since polyaniline is a wellknown sensing material for different gases and volatile organic compounds, this study could be considered a supportive study for employing of the mentioned polymer blends as chemical interactive materials in gas sensor applications.
Characterization of polyaniline/cellulose acetate nanocomposite fabricated through electrospinning
Ecosystems and Development Journal, 2020
The demand for fiber-based electronic devices or electronic textiles is on the rise. Research interest and trends are leading towards conductive nanofibers. This study dealt with the fabrication of conductive polyaniline/cellulose acetate (PANI/CA) nanocomposite through electrospinning. Polyaniline was added to cellulose acetate dissolved in dimethylformamide/ acetone at different concentrations. Electrospinning was done with varying flow rates. The composition and conductivity of the nanocomposites were characterized using fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and four-point probe test, respectively. The fiber diameter was measured and the bead formation was assessed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Embedment of polyaniline in cellulose acetate was proven with the presence of characteristic peaks in the FTIR spectra. Fibers electrospun using 0.1% polyaniline at 2 mL h-1 registered the highest conductivity at 0.005416 ± 0.000454 S m-1. Finest fibers with an average diameter of 91.56 nm were also obtained using the same combination. The percentage area covered by beads decreases as the PANI concentration increases and is lower at 4 mL h-1. Statistical analysis showed that PANI concentration affects the conductivity more than the electrospinning flowrate and the interaction of flowrate and PANI concentration.