Fruit and oil characteristics of Tunisian olive progenies obtained by controlled crosses (original) (raw)
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Chemistry & Biodiversity, 2010
Olive fruit characteristics (weight, pulp/stone ratio, and oil and moisture content) and the iodine value (IV) of 31 new olive progenies (Olea europaea L.) were determined. To evaluate the effect of the genetic variability on these parameters, the new olive progenies, obtained through cross-pollination between Tunisian and Mediterranean olive cultivars, were planted in a selected grove guaranteeing the homogeneity of the pedologic and climatic conditions. A strong genetic effect and significant differences between genotypes were obtained for the IV and the fruit characteristics evaluated. Discriminant analysis was used to classify the new progenies as distinct from each other, based on their IV, and their pulp and stone weight. An almost full discrimination of the olives from different genotypes was only achieved when the fruit characteristics (pulp and stone weight) and the IV data were analyzed together.
Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 2021
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2021
The new olive cultivar ‘Chemlali Mhassen’ was derived from the autopollination of the Tunisian oil cultivar ‘Chemlali Sfax’. The main morphological differences between the two cultivars were observed on the endocarp (symmetry, position of maximum diameter, apex, base and surface). On the agronomic plan, this cultivar is distinguishable from the original cultivar due to its medium earliness of bearing (4 years), medium alternate bearing (0.44), early ripening, moderate sensitivity to verticillium and its high olive production per tree (7.7 kg). Concerning oil quality, ‘Chemlali Mhassen’ had higher performances than the original cultivar for oleic acid content (70 to 77 %) and lower contents for palmitic acid (9.2 to 11.5 %) and linoleic acid (9.3 to 14.7 %). Similar performances were recorded between the new and the original cultivars for rhizogenesis behavior and pollen compatibility.
Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 2020
The healthy properties of the Mediterranean diet are mainly attributed to the consumption of Extra Virgin Olive Oil (EVOO). Tunisia as an important producer of olive oil is characterized by a diverse varietal heritage. The aim of this work was to identify the chemical and molecular specificities of nineteen Tunisian olive cultivars cultivated under arid conditions. The study of the genetic variability of nineteen accessions of olive cultivars was based on two different molecular markers; Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR) using 5 and 9 primers respectively. The accessions have been fingerprinted and all primers produced 179 PCR bands. 36 RAPD and 94 ISSR polymorphic bands were identified. The chemical characterization of EVOOs from the nineteen studied varieties was based on their fatty acids and phenolic profiles. Principal component analysis was accomplished according to the phenolic contents. It allowed distinguishing four groups of cultivars. Total phenols of Dhokar Nafti and Fougi Gtar cultivars reached 1010 mg per kg. For the fatty acid compositions, thirteen compounds were identified and oleic acid was the most abundant one with 80.66 g per 100 g and 79.19 g per 100 g of the total fatty acid composition for the varieties Rakhmi and Boudaoud respectively. Based on stepwise multiple regression analysis (MRA), 57 RAPD and ISSR markers were found associated with different biochemical traits. ISSR marker UBC807 1000bp was significantly associated with five traits including oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol compounds. It can be used as potential marker in marker-assisted selection for improvement of olive oil quality with high phenolic and fatty acid contents. Keywords Extra virgin olive oil Á Fatty acids Á Genetic diversity Á Multiple regression analysis Á Phenolic compounds Á Tunisian cultivars Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (
Study of the behavior of cultivars from a world collection of olive (Olea spp.) in Morocco
International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology, 2018
In Marrakech (Morocco), a world collection of the genetic resources of the olive-tree was established. This collection currently contains 600 cultivars of various origins. However, work of characterization of these cultivars remains very limited. The objective of this study was to emphasize these genetic resources through their agronomic characterization. We studied certain agronomic characters on some of the most productive cultivars during the 4 years of production 2007-2008-2009 and 2010. Fifteen cultivars originating in various countries that show a cumulated average production higher than 20Kg were then selected for studies of behavior namely: strength, floral biology and the content of oil. The study of vigor of all cultivars showed that
Preliminary characterization and morph-agronomic evaluation of millennium olive varieties in Tunisia
2013
Tunisia is one of the oldest agricultural settlements in history. Evidences revealed by archeological excavations indicated that olives were cultivated before about 3000 years in Tunisia. Although the importance of millennium olives, studies about characterization and evaluation are scarce. The aims of this work were to make a morpho- agronomic characterization of eighteen millennium olive cultivars collected from eight different archeological sites. This work was conducted in the framework of the activities of the fruit tree network in the Tunisian National Gene Bank. Quantitative and qualitative traits were measured in pit, fruit and leaf samples, In order to group the genetic material and evaluate the phenotypic variability, descriptive statistics, cluster analysis, factorial and principal components analysis were used. The 18 accessions were grouped in 2 clusters based on the multivariate analysis of 18 traits. The collection featured phenotypic variability for all the studied t...
The Status of Genetic Resources and Olive Breeding in Tunisia
Plants
The olive tree, an iconic symbol of the Mediterranean basin, is the object of growing international interest in the production of olive oil for the world food market. In Tunisia, which is the fourth-largest producer of olive oil in the world, the production of olives and olive oil is of great socio-economic importance. Cultivation is widespread from north to south, but it is carried out using traditional techniques that results in extremely irregular production levels. To maintain their competitiveness on the international market, Tunisian producers must improve the quality of the oil through breeding plans that enhance the rich genetic heritage that is still not adequately exploited. The objective of this review is to present the state of olive breeding in Tunisia, illustrating the opportunities available for a better use of the rich Tunisian genetic heritage, the challenges it must face, and the need to multiply the efforts for sustainability, even in the light of the challenges p...
Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences
In Tunisia, little is known about the existing olive patrimony. The number of local cultivars is probably underestimated because of the scarce information on minor local varieties. In this present study, we performed a morphological and technological characterization of two autochthones olive varieties "Neb Jmel" and "El Hor" cultivated in three different geographical locations Béjà, Siliana and Bizerte, with the aim to obtain further information on the diversity of the cultivars in various geographical sites. The varieties "Neb Jmel" and "El Hor" showed the highest fruit weight (2.06 and 1.68g) in the station of Béja, while Siliana revealed the lowest values (1.28 and 0.75g). The cultivar "El Hor" revealed a significant fluctuation of the fleshpercentage according to its culture location (varied from 66. 66 to 75%). The oil quality of the studied varieties is classified as extra-virgin oils and varies widely depending on the cultivar and on the geographical location. The oleic acid varied in the individuals of "Neb Jmel" (from 76.59 to 61.99%) and the highest percentage was found in the region of Siliana. Concerning linolenic (C18:3) and arachidic (C20:0) acids the cultivars of the two studied varieties revealed a high significant difference values between the three studied sites. In this case, we can recommend studying the potentialities of each cultivar in various geographical locations, according to various culture techniques, in order to explore all their potentialities in diversity expression.
Genetic Diversity of Major Olive Varieties from Southern Tunisia
Considering the importance of olive-growing in Tunisia, microsatellite (SSR) analysis was used to study the genetic variation among twenty olive accessions from southern Tunisia. This set of olive microsatellites showed potential utility for genetic studies and it could contribute to the development of strategies for Tunisian germplasm conservation and breeding. Unweighted pair group method cluster analysis was performed and cultivars separated in three main groups. Five polymorphic simple sequence repeats (SSR) loci were employed and they revealed 38 alleles with a mean number of 7.6 alleles per locus. Genetic variability was wide as indicated by high values of both observed heterozygosity (mean value = 0.79) and PIC values (average value = 0.60). Cultivars formed 3 distinct and clear groups. Var. 'Chemlali' was grouped with the others cultivars and showed low genetic diversity. We hypothesize that this variety is a population of cultivated varieties, with the presence of different clones of the same cultivar.
Fruit Characteristic of some Olive Cultivars grown under South of Iran Environmental Conditions
Advances in Environmental Biology
The high nutritional value of olive oil is one of the major reasons for developing olive culture and planting in Iran. The present research was carried out in order to explore the suitability of Fasa city environmental condition for olive culture and further fruit and olive oil quality attributes. Mature olive cultivars used were ‘ Ryasebibna’, ‘Lechino’, ‘Taggiasca’, ‘Hojiblanca’, ‘Moraiolo’, ‘Morcona’, ‘Nechara’, ‘I-79’ and ‘Fishomi ’. The experiment was carried out for two years during 2011 and 2012 growing seasons based on the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Fruit ripening index, oil content in the fruit fresh weight and dry weight basis, pulp/stone ratio, total polyphenoles, chlorophylls and carotenoids, oil peroxide values, UV absorption characteristics (K232 and K270), iodine value and fatty acids compositions were measured. The results indicated that ‘Hojiblanca’ and ‘Taggiasca’ (18.7% 18.64% in 2011 respectively) and ‘Moraiolo’ and ‘Nechara’...