Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in psychiatric disorders treatment - current review (original) (raw)
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[Transcranial magnetic stimulation in psychiatric therapy]
PubMed, 2015
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is one of new techniques of the physical treatment in psychiatry. Its advantage is painlessness, so as lack of invasiveness and evoking a convulsive effect. The technique of TMS was introduced into the clinical practice in 1985--originally as a diagnostic method in neurology. Later TMS became a valuable tool in the basic research in neurophysiology and neuropsychology, so as in clinical examinations. In 1994 the first papers on TMS application in therapy of depression and schizophrenia were published. The research on the therapeutic TMS effectiveness encounters certain problems and restrictions: difficulties in determining a place of the stimulation, lack of the possibility of the selection of optimal parameters for the stimulation, problem in guarantying optimal conditions for the double-blind study, etc. During the last two decades TMS was applied in therapy of mood disorders and psychoses more on the principle of consuetude, than confirmations of the evident effectiveness. However recently a group of European experts presented the study, in which they regarded TMS as the effective method in therapy of depression and schizophrenia--presenting conditions to the optimal stimulation.
Transcranial magnetic stimulation in the treatment of psychiatric disorders
Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 1999
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a new technology that applies the principles of electromagnetism to deliver an electrical field to the cerebral cortices. Well established in diagnostic electrophysiology, TMS is now being studied as a treatment for psychiatric disorders. Evidence suggests this technique is safe and acceptable to patients. The future may see the application of TMS in obsessive-compulsive disorder, post-traumantic stress disorder and mania. There is strong evidence that it will become an accepted treatment of depression.
Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2008
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a novel, noninvasive, office-based device technology that delivers focused stimulation to the cortex of the brain by means of magnetic pulses. It is a promising therapeutic approach in a variety of neuropsychiatric disorders. A large number of clinical trials have examined repetitive TMS as a novel treatment for major depression, with additional significant work in schizophrenia, anxiety disorders and pain syndromes. In this review, we describe how repetitive TMS is administered clinically and discuss how excitatory and inhibitory forms of stimulation are applied depending on what is known of the underlying pathophysiology of the disorder. Future putative clinical applications of repetitive TMS in psychiatry are discussed, with the authors' perspective on its likely role in clinical practice. TMS is a promising form of neuromodulation therapy that will most likely become a significant part of clinical practice in the future.
Psychiatry (Edgmont (Pa. : Township)), 2005
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), since its introduction in 1985, has been studied for its efficacy in different psychiatric disorders. It has been touted to be an effective treatment modality for major depression, obsessive compulsive disorder, Tourette syndrome, and in reducing auditory hallucinations in patients with schizophrenia. In this article, the authors outline the research and evidence toward the efficacy of TMS in psychiatry.
Transcranial magnetic stimulation in the treatment of neurological disease
Objective: Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a noninvasive and easily tolerated method of altering cortical physiology. The authors evaluate evidence from the last decade supporting a possible role for TMS in the treatment of depression and explore clinical and technical considerations that might bear on treatment success.
Transcranial magnetic stimulation in depression and schizophrenia
European Neuropsychopharmacology, 1994
Objective: Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) has been shown to be a useful therapy for depression. This paper evaluates the results of bi-weekly low-frequency TMS of 4 weeks duration, in 10 patients with depression who do not respond or are intolerant to antidepressive medication. Methods: This is a case series study. DMS-IV criteria were used to diagnose depression. In order to disclose possible improvements in depressive symptoms, the 17 items Hamilton scale was used at three different moments: at the beginning, middle and end of the treatment period. Results were analysed using Friedman's x 2 test. Results: Hamilton's scale score improvement was ≥ 50% in five patients and ≥ 75% in 3 of these. Conclusions: TMS may be efficacious, safe and easily performed as an adjunct to medical treatment of depression. We cannot differentiate a potentiation of the effect of antidepressive medication from an intrinsic effect of TMS alone, since we did not treat any subjects without the concurrent use of medication.
A Review of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Use in Psychiatry
Disease and Molecular Medicine, 2013
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique first introduced by Barker et al. in 1985. The principle of rTMS is based on a cortical neuronal transmembrane potential stimulated by a pulsative magnetic field. This magnetic field is induced by a direct electrical current sent through a circular coil. rTMS is an effective and widely used therapeutic stimulation method for psychiatric disorders, primarily for unipolar depression. Cost-effectiveness, minor side effects and well-tolerated profile of rTMS with no need to hospitalization for administation are the prominent features of this method. Beside the information for depression, rTMS has been reported to have some remarkable impacts in alleviating symptoms of anxiety disorders. Although data regarding efficacy of rTMS in anxiety disorders is conflicting, there are positive outcomes about generalized anxiety disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder and panic disorder whereas results of rTMS treatment in obsessive-compulsive disorder are generally not favorable. Since low frequency stimulation techniques have been found to be effective in treatment of auditory hallucinations, methodological similarity in concerned studies could be accepted as a supportive aspect of efficacy. Additionally, high frequency stimulation techniques applied to prefrontal area have a potential to impact negative symptoms of schizophrenia. With improving novel techniques of this stimulation method, rTMS is being used increasingly in psychiatric disorders. However, some issues concerning rTMS treatment such as maintenance or prophilactic therapy procedures, duration of effect are remain unclear. Hence, we conclude that multicenter sham controlled studies including similar designs, sociodemographic and clinical variables, methodological protocols with larger sample sizes and studies guieded by imaging methods are warranted to determinate efficacy and side effects of rTMS use in psychiatric disorders. of 1.5-3 cm beneath the scalp. Repetitive pulse protocols are more preferable and widely used owing to its long lasting effects caused by LTD (Long-term depression) and LTP(Long-term potentiation) in neuronal synaptic areas. Beside the fact that TMS has been used as a diagnostic tool in several neuropsychiatric disorders