Risk factors of stunting in Indonesian children aged 1 to 60 months (original) (raw)
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Paediatrica Indonesiana
Background Stunting represents a linear growth disturbance due to chronic malnutrition, recurrent infection, and inadequate psychosocial stimulation. The 2006 World Health Organization (WHO) Growth Standards are utilized as a modality in monitoring children’s growth, but to date, there has been no recommendation on use of the Growth Diagrams of Indonesian Children to monitor the growth of Indonesian children. Objective To determine the proportion of stunting, the sensitivity and specificity of Growth Diagrams of Indonesian Children for diagnosing stunting. In addition, we aimed to compare proportions of stunting using the 2006 WHO Growth Standards and Growth Diagrams of Indonesian Children. Method A cross-sectional study was conducted in Lawe Alas District, Southeast Aceh, Indonesia, from December 2017 to May 2018. Subjects were children aged 1-59 months who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Subjects were obtained using a consecutive sampling method. Weight and height measurements w...
Journal of Client-centered Nursing Care, 2021
Background: Stunting is linear growth retardation and a major public health problem among children worldwide. This study was done to investigate the determinants of stunting in children under five years at the Rumbia Health Center, Indonesia. Methods: This case-control study was done on 82 (41 cases and 41 controls) subjects matched by age and sex, taken by purposive sampling involving infants and children aged 6-59 months in Rumbia District, Bombana Regency, Indonesia, consisting of 5 Village. Data were collected using medical records and a researcher-made questionnaire and analyzed by odds ratios and logistic regression using SPSS software version 16. The significance level was set at 0.05. Results: The results based on multivariate analysis showed that the incidence of stunting was influenced by a number of factors, including a history of exclusive breastfeeding (OR=0.352), birth weight (OR=5.106), family income (OR=0.703), and mother’s education level (OR=0.175). However, the mo...
Bioscientia Medicina : Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research, 2018
Background :. Stunting among children is one of the major health problems in developing countries. Globally, 45% of deaths among children are caused by malnutrition, meanwhile stunting, as one of the factors, plays an important role. Children who experience stunting can not achieve optimal growth and cognitive potential. Hence, that will have an impact on future productivity. Muara Enim district is included in one district with stunting prevalence, which is above 20%, i.e. 26.9%. This study was to identify the risk factors of stunting children in Pulau Panggung district, Muara Enim, South Sumatera. Methods: This study applied observational analytic research using cross sectional design. It was conducted on August to October 2017 at public health center in Pulau Panggung district, Muara Enim. There were 83 children who fullfilled the inclusion criteria. The relationship between risk factors and stunting was analyzed using Chi square test and Logistic Regression test was applied to i...
2018
Introduction: Stunting remains a predominant global health problem and Indonesia is no exception. This analysis aims to determine the major factors of stunting among children aged 0-23 months, using data from the Bogor Longitudinal Study on Child Growth and Development (BLSCGD). Methods: The BLSCGD was conducted by the Center for Public Health Research and Development, Ministry of Health, Indonesia. This analysis used part of the BLSCGD data. A total of 320 children aged above 23 months were included. Anthropometric measurements were performed by trained enumerators each month from the first month of birth until 23 months of age. The analyses of survival resilience was conducted using survival statistics test using life table and Kaplan Meier, whereby the case for this survival analysis was the occurrence of stunting. Factors affecting stunting (including children and maternal characteristics) were tested using cox proportional hazards regression. Results: Determinants of stunting w...
Client – centered Nursing Care Journal, 2021
Background: Stunting is linear growth retardation and a major public health problem among children worldwide. This study was done to investigate the determinants of stunting in children under five years at the Rumbia Health Center, Indonesia. Methods: This case-control study was done on 82 (41 cases and 41 controls) subjects matched by age and sex, taken by purposive sampling involving infants and children aged 6-59 months in Rumbia District, Bombana Regency, Indonesia, consisting of 5 Village. Data were collected using medical records and a researcher-made questionnaire and analyzed by odds ratios and logistic regression using SPSS software version 16. The significance level was set at 0.05. Results: The results based on multivariate analysis showed that the incidence of stunting was influenced by a number of factors, including a history of exclusive breastfeeding (OR=0.352), birth weight (OR=5.106), family income (OR=0.703), and mother's education level (OR=0.175). However, the mother's education level was significantly related to the incidence of stunting in this analysis model (P=0.003). Conclusion: Indonesian mothers should be more active in accessing information about stunting and how to prevent it. Community health nurses and other members of the health care team are recommended to intensify the provision of stunting education and information to the community, especially to at-risk families. Also, special attention must be paid to women's access to higher education.
Journal of Clinical Research in Pediatric Endocrinology, 2021
Noticing the overestimation of stunted children in Indonesia when using the World Health Organization Child Growth Standards (WHOCGS), Indonesian Growth Reference Chart (IGRC) was created in 2005. This systematic review aims to determine whether there is a difference in the diagnosis of stunting when using these two charts. This systematic review is registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42021259934). A literature research was performed on PubMed, Science Direct, Medline, Scielo, Medrxiv, Research Square, SSRN, and Biorxiv to identify studies published from 2018 onwards that examined the comparison of IGRC and WHOCGS in detecting stunting. Three studies were included in this review. Pooled analysis showed that IGRC resulted in a lower prevalence of stunted and severely stunted children (RR 0.28 [95% CI 0.15-0.51], p<0.0001, I 2 =97%). Comparison between IGRC and WHOGCS for normal height children showed that there is no difference, and this finding is not significant (RR 1.56 [95% CI 0.92-2.66], p<0.1, I 2 =100%), and the comparison for tall children also showed that there is no difference between IGRC and WHOGCS, and this finding is also insignificant (RR 2.02 [95% CI 0.78-5.20], p<0.14, I 2 =98%). This meta-analysis showed that stunted and severely stunted Indonesian children are over-represented using WHOCGS. The difference between IGRC and WHOCGS is in the sample population, where IGRC includes children from all 33 provinces in Indonesia which reflects the growth of children in Indonesia better.
Research Square (Research Square), 2023
Background Stunting among children under ve remains a global health problem. Indonesia is no exception, as its stunting reduction rate has not yet reached the expected target. Regencies/cities in the West Sumatra province in Indonesia still show a stark disparity of achievement following the implementation of their various stunting prevention policies and programs. Methods Cross-sectional study based on 2018 Riskesdas and 2021 SSGI. Nineteen regencies/cities in West Sumatra province. Families with children under ve years involved 3,380 subjects from the 2018 Riskesdas and 4,662 subjects from the 2021 SSGI. Results The results showed that the stunting prevalence decreased from 31.2% in 2018 to 23.3% in 2021. Stunting risk factors include male gender, low birth weight, mothers over 35 years, upper respiratory tract infection, lack of vitamin A consumption, and parents' low education. The rate of stunting reduction varies signi cantly between cities or regencies in the West Sumatra province due to non-exclusive breastfeeding, lack of growth monitoring, poor water quality, and working mothers. Conclusions Most stunting occurs before the age of two. Stunting is signi cantly in uenced by various infectious diseases, dietary intake, and parents' socioeconomic status. The related city/regency governments should develop intervention strategies and speci c programs to reach the expected target.
BMC Pediatrics, 2009
Background: Adequate nutrition is needed to ensure optimum growth and development of infants and young children. Understanding of the risk factors for stunting and severe stunting among children aged less than five years in North Maluku province is important to guide Indonesian government public health planners to develop nutrition programs and interventions in a post conflict area. The purpose of the current study was to assess the prevalence of and the risk factors associated with stunting and severe stunting among children aged less than five years in North Maluku province of Indonesia.
BMC Nutrition, 2017
Background: Stunting among toddlers is highly prevalent in Indonesia. As a chronic malnutrition problem, stunting is closely related to internal (maternal health) and external factors such as feeding practices, illness and socio-economics of the community. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between low birth weight (LBW), child feeding practices and neonatal illness with stunting among Indonesian toddlers. Methods: For this study, we took data from the 2010 Indonesian National Basic Health Survey (RISKESDAS). Totally 3024 children aged of 12-23 months included in this analysis. Stunting was measured using standardized body length and was defined based on criteria from WHO AnthroII.PC2007. Data analysis was done through bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions. Results: The results showed that the prevalence of stunting among Indonesian toddlers (12 23 months) was 40.4%. Early initiation of breast-feeding and exclusive breast feeding was experienced by 42.7% and 19.7% of the babies. More than half of the babies were given pre-lacteal feeds, while early complementary feeding was given to 68.5% of the subjects. Multivariate analysis showed infants born with LBW were 1.74 times more likely to be stunted (95% CI 1.38-2.19) than those born with normal weight. Boys were 1.27 times (95% CI 1.10-1.48) more likely to be stunted than girls. Infants with a history of neonatal illness, they were 1.23 times (95% CI 0.99-1.50) more susceptible to stunting. Being poor was another indirect variable that significantly associated with stunting (OR = 1.3, 95% CI 1.12-1.51). Conclusion: LBW, gender (boys), history of neonatal illness and poverty are factors related to stunting among children aged 12-23 months in Indonesia, with LBW being the major determinant of stunting.
Determinants of Stunting in Indonesian Toddlers
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, 2021
Children who are malnourished for a long time can experience a failure to thrive, namely stunting.This situation occurs in many developing countries such as Indonesia. Stunting is a linear growth disorder characterized by a TB/U z-score less than-2SD. The study aimed to examine the incidence of stunting in children under five in terms of exclusive breastfeeding (ASI), complementary foods of breast milk (MP-ASI), immunization status, family characteristics. The research approach is quantitative with a Case-Control Study design and is carried out in West Java Province, with a sample size of 120 people. Data analysis includes bivariate using Chi-Square. The results showed that the incidence of stunting in children under five was due to low family income (p = 0.004; OR= 9.33), non-exclusive breastfeeding (p= 0.001; OR= 28.5), poor complementary feeding (p= 0.001; OR= 16), and incomplete immunization (p = 0.00; OR = 17). Stunting in children under five is closely related to low family income, non-exclusive breastfeeding, poor complementary breastfeeding, and incomplete immunization. Meanwhile, non-exclusive breastfeeding is a dominant factor as a risk factor for children experiencing stunting.