Prevalence of Non-Albicans Candida in Samples Isolated from Human, Animals and Poultry and Methods of Identification with Special Reference to Antifungal Sensitivity Test (original) (raw)
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IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences, 2016
Introduction: The last two decades have seen a significant rise in infections caused by Candida species in various clinical conditions. Candida albicans is the most frequently isolated yeasts in clinical laboratory , but now there is a predominant rise in infections caused by non-albicans Candida.. Differentiating among Candida species in laboratory is very important because of the differences in the virulence of the species and in their susceptibility to anti-fungal drugs. Aims And Objective: The aim of the present study is to isolate and speciate Candida spp. from various clinical specimens, processed in our laboratory and to detect their antifungal susceptibility pattern. Materials And Methods: The study was carried out in The Department of Microbiology, R.G.Kar Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata for the period of 1 yr. A Total 92 Candida isolates were obtained from various clinical samples were included in the study. The isolates were identified up to species level by standard mycological procedure. Antifungal susceptibility testing of the yeast isolates were assessed by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method following CLSI guidelines M 44A against Amphotericin B and Azole group of antifungals like Fluconazole, ketoconazole, Itraconazole, and Voriconazole. Result: In the study, total 10 species of Candida were isolated from various clinical samples, of which Candida tropicalis was the commonest species isolated 30 (32.6%).The highest number of Candida isolates were obtained from Blood-29 (31.52%).Among the five antifungal drugs tested (Amphotericin B, Ketoconazole, Fluconazole, Itraconazole and Voriconazole), maximum resistance was seen with Fluconazole (29%). Fluconazole resistant was more in NAC species than Candida albicans. Conclusion: Early speciation of Candida isolates along with their antifungal susceptibility tests not only will restrict the empirical use of the antifungal agents but also greatly influence the treatment options for the clinicians and thus optimum benefit of the patients can be achieved. "Emergence of Non albicans Candida as potential pathogen-Change in spectrum ….
Non albicans Candida species: a review of epidemiology, pathogenicity and antifungal resistance
Pravara Medical Review, 2015
Among various pathogenic fungi, Candida species is the only pathogen capable of causing wide spectrum of clinical manifestations ranging fr om mucocutaneous over growth to disseminated infections. Although Candida albicans is considerd as the most per vasive pathogenic species, r ecent studies fr om various par ts of the world have documented the emer g nce of non albicans Candida (NAC) spp. The Candida isolates belonging to NAC spp. differ in the terms of epidemiology , pathophysiology and of most impor tant the pattern of susceptibility to a par ticular antifungal drug. Ther efore species identification along with in-vitr o susceptibility has became impor tant for ‘species dir ected therapy’ and selection of appr opriate antifungal therapeutic agent.
Frontiers in Public Health, 2023
Background: Invasive fungal infections have presented a challenge in treatment. In the past, it was known that the frontrunner in such infections is Candida albicans with little emphasis placed on non-albicans Candida species (NAC). Studies worldwide have shown a rise in fungal infections attributed to non-albicans Candida species. The aim of this study is to describe the epidemiology of NAC infections along with an overview of resistance in Lebanese hospitals. Methods: This is a two-year observational multi-central descriptive study. Between September and May of , a total of isolates were collected from di erent hospitals distributed all over the country. For the culture, Sabouraud Dextrose Agar was used. Antifungal Susceptibility was evaluated by determining the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) in broth (microdilution) of the di erent antifungal treatments. Results: Out of the collected isolates, Candida glabrata, being the most isolated species (. %), followed by Candida tropicalis: (. %), Candida parapsilosis: (. %), and other NAC species at lower percentage. Most of these isolates (. %) were susceptible to posaconazole,. % were susceptible to micafungin, and % were susceptible to caspofungin. Conclusion: The change of etiology of fungal infections involving a significant increase in NAC cases is alarming due to the di erent antifungal susceptibility patterns and the lack of local guidelines to guide the treatment. In this context, proper identification of such organisms is of utmost importance. The data presented here can help in establishing guidelines for the treatment of
BMC Research Notes
Objective Yeasts are unicellular microorganisms may cause systemic infection in immunocompromised patients. The aim of this study was to identify yeast strains isolated from clinical specimens using molecular techniques. Results A total of 202 yeast strains isolated from 341 clinical samples between February 2017 and May 2019. All clinical isolates were identified using phenotypic and molecular tests including PCR–RFLP, duplex-PCR, multiplex-PCR, and PCR-sequencing. The most yeast fungal isolates were obtained from urine (66.8%), nail (9.4%), skin lesion (7.9%), bronchoalveolar lavage (5.9%), and blood (3.9%). One hundred and twenty-one Candida species were identified as non-albicans versus 76 Candida albicans. Trichosporon asahii, and Pichia terricola were uncommon non-Candida yeasts isolated from urine samples. For the first time, we isolated P. terricola as etiological agent of urinary tract infection in a pregnant female. Since Candida species show different levels of resistance...
Identification of Candida Species from Clinical Samples and Their Antifungal Susceptibility Patterns
Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2015
The incidence of Candida infections has increased dramatically over the past few decades due to increase in the number of population susceptible to fungal infections. With multiple antifungal agents that are available and recovery of clinical isolates that exhibit inherent or developed resistance to commonly used antifungal agents, it has become imperative to do susceptibility testing routinely. The study was done to determine the predisposing factors, species incidence and susceptibility pattern of Candida isolates to commonly used antifungal agents. METHODS: A total of 108 Candida species were recovered from symptomatic clinical cases. Candida isolates were speciated by germ tube test, chlamydospore formation on corn meal agar and color produced on chromogenic media. Antifungal susceptibility test was done by disk diffusion method for nystatin, fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole and amphotericin-B. RESULTS: Candida albicans is the most frequently isolated species. However, non-albicans Candida species, taken as a group has predominated in clinical samples. Chromogenic agar medium showed good correlation in species identification in comparison with conventional germ tube test and chlamydospore formation on corn meal agar. C. albicans (41), C. tropicalis (33), C. krusei (30) and C. glabrata (04) were isolated. Candida species showed 95.4% susceptibility to amphotericin-B, 77.8% to voriconazole, 69.4% to nystatin, 64.1% to fluconazole and 63.9% to itraconazole. CONCLUSION: Increasing incidence of nonalbicans species infection. Chromogenic medium can be used for species identification. Increasing resistance of Candida species to commonly used antifungal agents.
Jundishapur J Microbiol, 2013
Background: Fungal vaginitis originates from yeasts that are active in the mucosa of the women's genital tract. The main yeast that causes fungal vaginitis is Candida albicans. Objectives: The current study aimed to detect frequency of yeasts mainly C. albicans in vaginal specimens of women from Tabriz, Iran. For the above purpose, the sensitivity and specifity of traditional laboratory assays were compared with those of molecular method (PCR) by universal and species primers to detect C. albicans in vaginal samples. Patients and Methods: In this study, 250 vaginal specimens were collected from women in Tabriz, East-Azerbaijan province, Iran during 2009-2010. Samples were examined to identify C. albicans by germ-tube test, chlamydoconidium formation test, preparation of wet smear using potassium hydroxide, and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Results: 162 yeast species from 250 specimens were isolated in Sabroud Dextrose Agar (SDA) Medium. 106 (65.4%) of them were germ tube formation positive, 86 (53%) chlamydoconidium formation positive and 101(62.4%) were PCR positive. Yeast cells and mycelia were detected in the isolates on direct microscopic examination. C. albicans accounted for 66.04% of cases and 34% were non-C. albicans species. Conclusions: In conclusion, PCR may be the best method to detect Candida species.
Mycoses, 2002
The Candi Select test (Sanofi Diagnostics, Pasteur, Marnes-La-Coquette, France) is a new yeast-selective medium for the identification of Candida albicans in the clinical laboratory. The performance of this test was compared with the conventional methods of chlamydospore formation, germ tube formation and carbohydrate fermentation. Four hundred and twenty clinical yeast isolates from 412 fresh clinical specimens, including 283 C. albicans, 59 C. tropicalis, 39 Trichosporon spp., 19 C. glabrata, 11 Cryptococcus neoformans and 9 other yeasts, were evaluated. Colonies of C. albicans produced a blue-green colour on the Candi Select media which could be distinguished from the other yeasts with the naked eye within 24-48 h. The sensitivity and specificity of the Candi Select test for the identification of C. albicans were 99.65% and 97.08%, respectively. The blue-green colonies of C. albicans were easy to identify and recognize in mixed cultures and did not need detailed microscopic examination.
Molecular Identification of Candida Species in Clinical Isolates
International Journal of Molecular and Clinical Microbiology, 2013
Candida exists as a normal flora on skin and mucosa. The prevalence of Candida-induced infections specially mucosal and vaginal infections have been raised in the world in last decade due to increase in predisposing factors. C.albicans is the major etiological agent of candidiasis, but infections due to other species have been increasing. The aim of this study was to determine Candida species by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in patient with oral and vulvovaginal candidiasis that referred to clinics of Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran. Sixty clinical samples were collected from mouth (no= 29) and vagina (no= 31). Identification of Candida species was done by using a combination of conventional and PCR methods. Germ tube and vesicle (chlamidoconidia) were seen in 43(71.67%) and 42(75%) of Candida isolates, respectively. Assimilation of sugars and Gel electrophoresis of PCR products showed that 78.34% and 75% of isolates were C.albicans, respectively, followed...