PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF BAMBOO CHARCOALS FROM SPECIES Bambusa vulgaris var vittatta, Dendrocalamus asper AND Phyllostachys pubescens (original) (raw)
Related papers
Journal of Chemical Engineering and Industrial Biotechnology
Bamboo has a very rapid growth rate and has been considered a promising non-wood biomass material that has the potential as a feedstock for charcoal production. This study was carried out to elucidate the physico-chemical and energy characteristic of bamboo charcoal produced from two (2) different species which were Aur Kuning Bamboo and Beting Bamboo. Each bamboo was carbonized at a temperature of 300 to 400oC for a duration of two hours. It was found that the density and volatile matter content of bamboo charcoal have decreased, while the ash content, fixed carbon (FC) content and calorific value (CV) have increased after being converted into charcoal. The results show that Aur Kuning Bamboo has good quality bamboo charcoal in comparison with Beting Bamboo in terms of its FC and CV content. Based on the average value, the FC (82.10%) and CV of Aur Kuning Bamboo (27.23%) were higher than FC (70.42%) and CV (26.05%) of Beting Bamboo with 16.59% (FC) and 4.53% (CV) different. Statist...
2018
This study investigated the combustion and mechanical properties of bamboo (Bambusa vulgaris) charcoal and three indigenous wood charcoal ( Teak ,Tectona grandis; Afara, Terminali a superba and Omo, Cordia millenii ). Results revealed that there were no significant differences in the properties charcoal produced from bamvboo and the tree indigenous wood. Bamboo and Afara were the most efficient out of the charcoal samples considered in the study. Although the fuel va lue index of Bamboo was quite lower than that of Afara and other samples considered in the study, but its calorific value was higher than Afara. However, it has greater potentials to replace woody biomass as fuel. Bamboo can replace other wood species in the production of charcoal because of its faster growth rate
Energetic potential of bamboo culms for industrial and domestic use in Southern Brazil
Ciencia Rural, 2016
This study aimed to determine the energetic quality of the Bambusa vulgaris culms for combustion (in natura) and as a charcoal. Five individuals (culms) of Bambusa vulgaris of 3 years of age were analyzed, gathered in the city of Florianópolis, Santa Catarina. In the in natura culms it was determined the moisture content freshly gathered (39%); basic density (0.624gcm-3); the chemical composition (total extractive content (16.26%) and lignin content (25.76%)); the proximate chemical composition (volatiles content (82.25%); fixed carbon content (15.26%) and ash (2.49%)) and gross calorific value (4571kcalkg-1). In the charcoal, produced in the laboratory, the determined properties were the gravimetric yield (36.40%);the apparent density (0.372gcm-3); volatiles content (27.55%); fixed carbon content (67.32%); ash (5.12%) and gross calorific value (7431kcalkg-1). The Bambusa vulgaris species has potential for use in the energy generation either in natura, as chips for burning in boilers or in the charcoal form for domestic use, it can be used to broaden the base of biomass for energy generation and to replace the timber species of Pinus and Eucalyptus gender used for this purpose in the Southern region of Brazil.
Charcoal properties of Malaysian bamboo charcoal carbonized at 750 °C
BioResources
The carbonization of five Malaysian bamboo species, namely Bambusa vulgaris, Dendrocalamus asper, Gigantochloa hasskarliana, Gigantochloa levis, and Schizostachyum brachycladum, was conducted to investigate the charcoal properties and compare the quality of bamboo charcoal produced based on proximate analysis. Carbonization at 750 °C using a modified Iwasaki steel drum kiln was successful for all bamboo species. Bamboo morphological features varied and basic density increased with culm height. A charcoal yield of more than 30% was recorded in all bamboo species except for B. vulgaris and D. asper. Charcoals made from D. asper and G. hasskarliana could serve as the alternative raw material for charcoal production in charcoal industries due to their low moisture, low volatile matter, low ash, and high fixed carbon content. All species had a mean gross calorific value between 24.4 and 29.2 MJ/kg. Among different culm sections, the bottom section produced the best quality charcoal. The ...
Anatomical and energy characteristics of charcoal made from five species
Acta Amazonica, 2014
Charcoal is an important energy raw material and its properties are influenced by the wood's anatomical and chemical composition and the production process. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anatomical characteristics, calorific power and volatiles and ash content of carbonized wood from Byrsonima spicata, Calophyllum brasiliense, Cecropia sciadophylla, Cochlospermum orinocense and Schefflera morototoni. The calorific power varied from 26,878 to 31,117 kJ kg-1; the content of volatile materials ranged from 20.9 to 31.7%; ash content ranged from 0.1 to 3.8%; and carbon content varied from 68.2 to 75.3%. Anatomical structures of charcoal can be used for species identification. The studied species are not indicated for charcoal production because the levels of ash and volatile compounds are higher than those recommended for charcoal produced for household use. In addition, the calorific power and level of carbon content are insufficient for use in the steel industry.
Fuel quality of Bambusa vulgaris was investigated, with the main focus on its use as an alternative source of biomass feedstock for energy generation in Nigeria. Bambusa vulgaris from age 2, 3 and 4 years were harvested. Proximate and chemical analysis were carried out according to ASTM and TAPPI standards. The density of B. vulgaris varies significantly from 709.63 kg/m 3 to 937.95 kg/m 3 among ages. Age 3 had the highest density. The ash content increase from age 2 through age 4 and along the culm length from base to top. The volatile matter content ranged from 93% to 95.30% with the middle portion of age 3 having the highest. The fixed carbon ranged from 23.80% to 54.80% with the top portion of age 2 having the highest value of 54.80%. The gross calorific value ranges from 1810.90 cal/kg-4160.60 cal/kg with an average of 3157.80 while the fuel value index varies from 609.27 to 3383.40. No significant difference existed in the volatile matter, fixed carbon, ash content, calorific value, fuel value index, cold water, hot water and alcohol-benzene soluble extractives of B. vulgaris among ages and along the sampling height. Age seems to have influence on the cellulose and lignin content with no significant difference along the culm length. The calorific value and the fuel value index had a very weak correlation with the age and position along the culm length, density, hot water, cold water and alcohol-benzene soluble extractive content, cellulose, and lignin content. However, the calorific value and fuel value index was highly negatively correlated with volatile matter but strongly positively correlated with fixed carbon. Ash content of B. vulgaris was less or equal to 4%, the level beyond which slagging of ash usually occur with biomass fuels. Although, the gross calorific value is lower to the minimum standards values suggested for fuel pellets and briquettes, B. vulgaris will make an important source of energy considering its sustainability, renewable nature, and environmental benefits.
Thermochimica Acta, 2014
The thermal behaviour and chemical characteristics of the bamboo species, Bambusa multiplex (BM), sourced from South Africa were investigated using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Torrefaction and low-temperature carbonization conditions were applied to samples of this plant at temperatures between 250 • C and 380 • C. The burning profiles for the raw and thermally treated bamboo samples co-fired with coal A at different ratios of coal inclusion were examined. The raw BM was found as the easiest to ignite fuel probably due to possessing the highest volatile matter content. Considerable differences in fuel characteristic were found between the raw and thermally treated BM samples. Raw BM was found to have a calorific value of 17.60 MJ/kg, whereas, torrefied and low temperature carbonized BM produced fuels of 23 MJ/kg and 28 MJ/kg, respectively. Further results attained in this investigation on basis of combustibility, has shown the relatively low ignition temperatures and highly reactive potential of torrefied bamboo samples.
Evaluation of selected biomass for charcoal production
Journal of Scientific & Industrial Research, 2009
Casuarina equisetifolia L. and Lantana camara L. leaf litter, sugarcane bagasse and empty oil palm fruit bunch (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) were converted into charcoal using carbonization process. An increase in temperature from 200°C to 400°C decreased charcoal yield gradually in all samples. Energy content in fresh biomass was lower than pyrolysed charcoal. Calorific value of fresh biomass and pyrolysed charcoal, respectively, was maximum in C. equisetifolia L. leaf litter (18.48 MJ/ kg and 29.89 MJ/kg) and minimum in oil palm fruit bunch (16.96MJ/kg & 18.46MJ/kg).
Potential of bamboo species for the production of briquettes
Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical
Bamboo is a versatile plant that is widely used in many areas for feeding, manufacturing of utensils, construction and environmental purposes. The energetic use of bamboo stalks or residues from other applications is a promising alternative and compatible with sustainable development principles. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of four bamboo species (Bambusa vulgaris, Phyllostachys bambusoides, Phyllostachys edulis and Phyllostachys nigra) for briquette production. The following properties were evaluated: moisture content, bulk density, compression strength, proximate analysis, gross calorific value and energetic density. The results showed numbers ranging from 1.109 g cm-3 to 1.228 g cm-3 for bulk density, 4.68 MPa to 5.82 MPa for compression strength, 79.01 % to 82.25 % for volatile content, 15.26 % to 20.18 % for fixed carbon content, 0.38 % to 2.49 % for ash content, 4,571 kcal kg-1 to 4,716 kcal kg-1 for gross calorific value and 5.08 Gcal m-3 to 5.84 Gcal m-3 for en...