Optimization of Low Site Density Area for 4G Network in Urban City (original) (raw)

5G Network Coverage Planning and Analysis of the Deployment Challenges

Sensors, 2021

The 5G cellular network is no longer hype. Mobile network operators (MNO) around the world (e.g., Verizon and AT&T in the USA) started deploying 5G networks in mid-frequency bands (i.e., 3–6 GHz) with existing 4G cellular networks. The mid-frequency band can significantly boost the existing network performance additional spectrum (i.e., 50 MHz–100 MHz). However, the high-frequency bands (i.e., 24 GHz–100 GHz) can offer a wider spectrum (i.e., 400~800 MHz), which is needed to meet the ever-growing capacity demands, highest bitrates (~20 Gb/s), and lowest latencies. As we move to the higher frequency bands, the free space propagation loss increases significantly, which will limit the individual cell site radius to 100 m for the high-frequency band compared to several kilometers in 4G. Therefore, the MNOs will need to deploy hundreds of new small cells (e.g., 100 m cell radius) compared to one large cell site (e.g., Macrocell with several km in radius) to ensure 100% network coverage f...

Coverage and Capacity Analysis of LTE Radio Network Planning considering Dhaka City

Long Term Evolution (LTE) is the latest and most enhanced broadband wireless access (BWA) technology. LTE is the latest standard in the mobile network technology tree that previously realized the GSM/EDGE and UMTS/HSxPA technologies. LTE is expected to ensure 3GPP"s competitive edge over other cellular technologies. The standardization process of LTE is almost at its end. With industrial attachment very few radio planning works of LTE are going on. But because of certain commercial issues those works aren"t widely available. Radio network planning is a very vital step for wireless communication technology. As standardization work of LTE is approaching the end line, it"s high time to go for efficient radio network planning guideline for LTE. In LTE just like other cellular technologies, initial planning is normally guided by various industries and vendors at their own discretion. They aren"t likely to disclose their advancements and findings. That makes the job even more challenging. As a result, going on with LTE radio network planning perspective is a well-chosen challenge and a certain hot topic in the current research arena. In this work, a detailed LTE radio network dimensioning procedure i.e. capacity and coverage analysis has been performed in order to prepare a radio planning guideline considering possible network implementation in the densely populated South-Asian city-Dhaka.

Accurate radio coverage assessment methods investigation for 3G/4G networks

Computer Networks, 2016

Sufficient wireless coverage is necessary to initiate communication with mobile terminals. Mobile network operators must guarantee good radio coverage. Telecommunication regulatory services (TRS) and technicians are assigned the duty of regularly verifying the conformity of the radio coverage at least once a year. However, it is not possible to collect data at every point in a given area. Therefore, TRS have defined a methodology called Random Drive Test Route (RDTR) to measure the provided radio coverage. The objective of this work is to investigate the weakness of the RDTRs that TRS are using. We used ATOLL for radio planning. The coverage prediction is adjusted to actual field measurements. We propose a novel methodology, called Special Drive Test Routes (SDTR) for assessing the radio coverage level of existing and future mobile network technologies. We defined for the SDTR a set of parameters such as minimum number of samples to be collected, the speed range and the route according to the network density in the considered area. We collected the radio coverage channel performances using TEMS Investigation 15.1 (a tool for 3G/4G). The performance results showed that a type of SDTR processes better than RDTR in a given area (open or with obstacles).

Towards an Efficient Radio Network Planning of LTE and Beyond in Densely Populated Urban Areas

International Journal of Computing and Digital Systems. Publisher: Scientific Publishing Center, University of Bahrain. Volume 4 Issue 2, pp. 111-119, April 2015, 2015

Long Term Evolution (LTE) is a fourth generation technology which is expected to be the mobile broadband platform for services in innovation for the foreseeable future. Going on with LTE radio network planning is a well-chosen challenge and a certain hot topic in the current research arena. Again, efficient radio network planning for a densely populated city adds to certain level of complexity in the overall work in terms of proper resource management and capacity requirement fulfillment. In this paper, a detailed LTE radio network planning procedure has been elaborately presented which concentrates on nominal and detailed planning considering possible network implementation in the most populated Indian city Mumbai.

Optimization Models for Selecting Base Station Sites for Cellular Network Planning

2019

Increasing number of base station sites with continuously growing customers not only lifted up the total cost of the cellular network but it also has radiation hazard issues affecting health. So, it is vital to select most favorable sites in the planning of cellular networks. For this, various site optimization models based on Meta-heuristic approaches (like Genetic Algorithm GA) and Geographical Information system GIS have been presented in this paper. Outcomes of this study will help us in developing a new model for placement of optimal number of base stations in Uttarakhand (study area). Paper concludes with the pros and cons of different models and also outlines all the necessary variables and/or parameters required for the study area.

3G Network Initial Pilot Coverage Design and Optimization

Rapid growth of mobile Internet and other mobile services has resulted in increasing demand for higher data transmission capacity. 3G (Third generation) mobile communications systems is designed to meet this demand. Coverage planning is performed with a planning tool including a digital map with topography and population distribution information of the area. The task of planning a network can be very challenging as it involves many careful studies with a lot of considerations. This book provides methodology of developing initial pilot channel coverage plans for a 3G network. The target for coverage planning is to find an optimal location for NodeB's to build continuous coverage according to the planning requirements. In addition, various optimization techniques such as the antenna height and tilts were also studied to optimize the performance of the network parameters to achieve good coverage. It was found that, the network coverage and signal strength increases as the height increase. And the tilt tends to decrease the overlaps of the pilot signal. After deployments the total displayed area was 57.446km 2 and the total covered area was 57.428km 2 with coverage percentage of 99.96%. This book is a perfect guide for students in telecommunication and network coverage planners.

On Coverage Analysis for LTE-A Cellular Networks

— In this paper we analyze the coverage area for LTE-A cellular network by taking into account the interference of first tier and frequency reuse planning. We considered the numerical calculations and simulation results to measure the received signal strength at the users for downlink and uplink performances. It has been shown from results that there is degradation in the received signal strength at cell boundaries from-34dBm at the center to-91dBm at the boundaries with spectral efficiency from (4.3 to 0.5) bps/Hz at cell edge. We verify the mathematical model by using the ATDI simulator for the LTE radio planning that deals with a real digital cartographic and contains standard formats for propagation loss. Keyword-LTE-A, RSSI, Coverage, UE I. INTRODUCTION With the growing application for of wireless services, and the capacity of 2G networks and 3G is reaching saturation point. Long Term Evolution-Advanced (LTE-A) is a technological advancement proposed by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) to meet the requirements of Fourth Generation (4G) mobile broadband system with a powerful service carrying capacity and the efficiency of resource use, and lower cost of network construction and operation, and flexible network deployment[1]. The LTE is the latest standard in the mobile network technology tree. It inherits and develops the GSM/EDGE and UMTS/HSPA network technologies and is a step toward the 4th generation (4G) of radio technologies designed to optimize the capacity and speed of 3G mobile communication network. From the view point of LTE network design, these technologies and algorithms recover network performance but enhance system difficulty as well. To work out an efficient, reliable network coverage planning design for LTE, it is required to study the system's technical features expansively using system theories, simulations, and tests [2, 3]. The main aim of coverage planning is to estimate the coverage distance of a BS with parameter settings derived from actual cell boundary coverage requirements sequentially to meet network size requirements. Planning strategies for LTE system coverage can be classified into uplink edge and downlink edge, uplink edge is essentially applied in coverage. The uplink coverage radius is calculated using the received power from users to base station and link budget parameters, then the downlink edge is based on the received power at the users from donor and the interferences power from neighbors cell as shown in Figure 2. It is well known that the coverage of the cell has an inversely proportional with the user capacity of the same cell. An increasing in the number of users in the cell causes the total interference seen at the receiver to increase. This causes an increase in the power required to be received from each user [4, 5]. This is due to the fact that each user has to retention of a certain Signal-to-Interference plus noise Ratio (SINR) at the receiver for satisfactory performance. For a set maximum acceptable transmission power, an increase in the required power reception will result in a decrease in the maximum distance a mobile can be from the BS thereby reducing the coverage. The analysis in this paper proposed to the downlink performance in terms of the SINR at the user equipment (UE), where the UE associates itself with the BS which has the maximum SINR at the UE. The signal strength at the UE is an important metric that decides the outage probability, capacity and spectral efficiency of a cellular network in the downlink. The description of SINR distribution is helps in the complete understanding of the SINR metric. The structure of the paper is organized as follows: Section II describes the proposed mathematical system model of the analysis the LTE coverage performance. The link budget describes that used to approve the mathematical model for received signals strength at the users over cell is explained in Section III. The discussion of results and conclusion are explained in Section IV and Section V respectively.

LTE Network Coverage Prediction for Multi-traffic Users in an Urban Area

2013 IEEE International Conference on Electro/Information Technology, Rapid City, SD, USA, 2013

"Abstract— Due to the advancement of telecommunication platform, users are now demanding new applications such as Online Gaming, mobile TV, Web 2.0, and to meet this requirement operators needed to design more flexible network. For the deployment of this network, 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) works on the Long Term Evolution (LTE) and propose a system which has larger bandwidths (up to 20 MHz), low latency and packet optimized radio access technology having peak data rates of 100 Mbps in downlink and 50 Mbps in the uplink [3,4]. Radio access technology for LTE is OFDM (Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) which provides higher spectral efficiency and more robustness against multipath fading, as compared to CDMA (Code division multiple access). Offering a greater coverage by providing higher data rates over wider areas and flexibility of use at existing and new frequency bands plan is a major challenge. In this paper, we are analyzing practical coverage scenario in an urban area (i.e. Kolkata) in terms of received signal levels, total noise, interference, throughput, and quality factor for downlink signal level. " http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/login.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6632703&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs\_all.jsp%3Farnumber%3D6632703

A Comparison between Theoretical and Experimental Coverage Analysis in 3G Cellular Networks

Int'l J. of Communications, Network and System Sciences, 2012

This paper shows a comparison between theoretical and experimental coverage analysis. Theoretical work is based on Okumura-Hata propagation model, which are compared with the measured data obtained through an experimental analysis en Mexico City. It is important because all the network designers and managers have to take in account how the signals will arrive to the mobile devices. If they know it, they can install Nodes B (base stations) in the better place in the area in order to take advantage of the power radiated by the antenna.