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The Covid-19 Pandemic and Meaning in Life
Phronimon, 2021
In the face of the Covid-19 pandemic, where death, sickness and suffering persist, there is some hint that there is nothing so special about the human race that particularly makes it immune to decimation. This is at odds with the general feeling that there is something significant, purposeful and/or meaningful about human life. Thus, the question that immediately comes to mind is whether the present pandemic and the negative situations it presents, destroy any hope of attaining meaning in life. In this article, we critically examine how the Covid-19 pandemic affects meaning in life. While it is not far-fetched to assume that the pandemic, suffering, isolation, economic hardship, and so forth disrupt humanity’s abilities at creating moments of meaning in life, it is our claim that it does not destroy it altogether, as many persons have found new ways of creating such moments, albeit small, through self-sacrifice/care, solidarity, and more. Finally, we conclude that in the face of thi...
Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) , 2021
Humanity's basic virtue is the recognition and acceptance of reason as a guide to action. In this vein, this paper contributes to the reader a better understanding of existence as this paper analyses the different views of suffering and coping, which also includes the reflections and examples of the author. Though happiness is the moral purpose of life, this research lays the groundwork for realization as we affirm the reality of suffering, especially in the present challenges of the Corona Virus 19 pandemic. As humans, we need not inhibit ourselves but rather affirm our potentialities. This research uses parallelism of philosophies, both Western and Eastern that expounds and argues on human adaptation vis-à-vis suffering that can be seen as antagonistic or can fulfill our potentialities. Further, the philosophical views can be viewed in a holistic approach-metaphysical, psychological, and ethical. This paper unfolds important questions that contribute to the quest for philosophical truth, broadening and deepening the meaning of life at the present predicament. Finally, amidst the world's dust and grime, this work imparts compassion, care, optimist, and hope.
Journal of History and Social Sciences, 2021
A thematic analysis of the extreme level of depression circulating on the lockdown society during the Covid-19 situation reveals problems and challenges that the young generation faced. They expressed the hardships of surviving lockdown while ruining the fresh dreams of their fresh minds. Their ruining dreams presented as helpless, depressed, and even suicidal when they discover that none of their coping mechanism helps them. Some people decided to commit suicide but return to normal life by giving up their decision after much thought. The qualitative research design is the most appropriate design for this study considering the short period and lack of available respondents because they do not want to share these sensitive issues. In this research, through the case study, is being tried to find out the real causes of the suicidal ideation of the respondents and the KII (Key Informant Interview) method has been taken to know the parental feelings on the suicidal ideation using the snowball procedure of non-probability sampling. This article analyses the primary reason for this unique and functional decision of the young generation that-We Decided We Would Commit Suicide. But We Couldn't.‖ In addition, highlights the emergency responses for violating their suicidal decision during the corona period.
Revista (n.t.) Nota do Tradutor, 2021
An unpublished essay by Argentinian-born, Brazilian-based philosopher Julio Cabrera, internationally renowned for his studies on negative ethics, and considered one of the most important South American representatives of contemporary Antinatalism, a movement anticipated by his Projeto de ética negativa (1989), in which the immorality of procreation had already been approached. The essay sums up the system of negative bioethics developed by Cabrera throughout his works, in books such as Crítica de la moral afirmativa (2014, 2nd edition), Mal-estar e moralidade (2018), and Discomfort and Moral Impediment (2019). Unlike traditional approaches to suicide which used to place it within the thesis of the intrinsic goodness of life, the philosopher introduces the question of suicide within the antinatalist context. That implies inquiring if, once we accept that human life is not good – but at most bearable – and that procreation is morally problematic (Antinatalism’s main thesis), it may or may not follow immediate suicide. The text supports the idea that suicide is an actual possibility of life, one that is logically plausible and ethically defensible, a possibility that may be fulfilled immediately, or afterwards, or never. Such fulfillment takes place when the frictions of the terminal structure of life, acquired at birth, prevail altogether over the intramundane creation of positive values, thus making life unbearable. This pessimistic and antinatalist approach rescues suicide from its supposed “enigma”, thus contributing to the humanization of suicide. The essay consists in a genuine Critique in the Kantian sense (Kritik), a philosophical theory – in the intersection of ontology, epistemology, ethics, politics, and esthetics – aiming to determine the limits and conditions of possibility of suicide as a choice of life and (voluntary) death that is ethically justified. Ontology: discussing suicide requires discussing birth in the first place, the structure of the world and especially of human life, in its constitutive terminality. Epistemology: the reasons for suicide are just as comprehensible, and just as opaque, as the will to continue living at any cost. Ethics: the decision to put an end to one’s life belongs exclusively to each one, who always has the final word. Politics: the choice for suicide should be understood and accepted, without condemnation or appraisal. Esthetics: it takes reflecting upon one’s own death, according to Ronald Dworkin’s inspired words (quoted by Cabrera), as “a play’s last scene or a poem’s last stanza on the entire creative work”. Assuming that the task of philosophy is to turn the world and human life upside down, challenging its conventions and examining its very structure, against common sense, Cabrera breaks down atavistic prejudices and taboos, arguing—turning Kant against himself—that, whereas there is no moral imperative according to which one must live at any cost, there is indeed, on the other hand, the imperative according to which one must be willing to die whenever morality thus demands. Returning to Erasmus of Rotterdam’s famous Praise, it is folly alone that makes us persevere in life despite everything, and such continuity may be as morally dignified as the choice for voluntary death. In an illuminating dialectical tension with great thinkers of the European philosophical tradition, such as Augustine, Erasmus, Kant, and Sartre, this Critique of Suicidal Reason is an essential philosophical contribution to the —“all too human”—question of suicide. The first part of the essay title, “If you want to kill yourself…”, is the title of a poem by Fernando Pessoa (quoted by Cabrera). English translation by Rodrigo Menezes
Death Awaits Me: An Existential Phenomenology of Suicide
Eidos. A Journal for Philosophy of Culture, 2020
This paper provides a phenomenology of the suicidal process. It begins with an examination of the self and the breaks that occur within the world that the suicidal individual endures. This includes an examination of suicidal hopelessness, termed in this paper as ontological petrification. It follows with the role in which hope plays in the suicidal. The paper then turns to carrying out the action of suicide, including a discussion of the suicide note and the developing form of the suicide note as found in live-streams on social media. The paper concludes by describing the completion of the suicidal process, and the persistence of the suicidal drive in the suicidal individual. The paper makes use of suicide notes, video suicide notes, and stories of suicides.
Ciência, Cuidado e Saúde, 2021
Objetivo: refletir sobre o cuidado em saúde de jovens em sofrimento mental no contexto da Covid-19. Método: trata-se de um estudo teórico-reflexivo organizado em três partes. Resultados: discutiram-se as seguintes perspectivas: jovens em sofrimento mental no contexto da pandemia da Covid-19; impactos da Covid-19 nos serviços de atenção à saúde mental voltados aos jovens; e novas perspectivas de cuidado ao jovem em sofrimento mental durante e após a pandemia do novo coronavírus. Considerações finais: os serviços de atenção psicossocial também foram impactados pela doença e encontram-se em processo de adaptação e incorporação de novos recursos tecnológicos para assegurar o suporte emocional e a atenção à saúde desses jovens, mesmo com as medidas de distanciamento físico impostas. O jovem contemporâneo parece familiarizado com diversos dispositivos tecnológicos, mas o contexto de desigualdade social por vezes impossibilita o acesso a esses dispositivos e à rede de internet. Faz-se nece...
Humankind’s Existential Crisis Amid COVID-19 Pandemic: A Theoretical Perspective
Asian Journal of Education and Social Studies
An existential crisis (EC) is a situation in which an individual provokes a storm of dread about the meaning, purpose, or value of life, and is unpleasantly disturbed by a series of thoughts in their lives. With the COVID-19 pandemic, the EC on humankind has further increased across the world. Although scholars have studied the effects of EC on humans, there are limited studies of the pandemic that induces EC in humans. The most neglected area in past research has been the lack of integration between different disciplines to find better solutions for EC disease. This study aims to identify the main factors that influence people’s psychological stigma due to crisis and examine how the previous studies’ contributions, evaluations, and insights on EC are interrelated and biased. This is an independent article based on a literature review. It took more than two months to review entire articles. As the guiding framework of the study, death and meaninglessness, loneliness and social isol...
Temporality, Death in Pandemic and Gestalt Therapy
Journal of Neurology Research Reviews & Reports
Due to the impact of the pandemic, a development of existential crises is observed in the human being that makes him rethink his way of being and being in the world, all these changes, worldwide, have opened a contact with death and finitude of existence. Faced with this, fear of death, doubts about the meaning of life, the perception of restricted freedom are identified and places the human being in contact with his loneliness [1]. It mobilizes the foundations of everything that was taken for granted, everything that was held under control. However, it is known that sooner or later, the human being will find a way to adapt, to have creative adjustments to the new. Gecele and Francesetti stated that in these times (year 2020) many of the certainties, daily habits, routines and ways of living that were guaranteed are dissolving [2]. Both authors invite us to reflect on the “support”, opening questions such as what kind of support is necessary so as not to be dominated by fear? and co...
The humanistic-existential psychology of coronavirus
Academia Letters, 2021
Since viruses like the recent COVID-19 manifest within the psychological existence of humanity, they are relevant for humanistic-existential (H-E) psychology. Viruses are biological agents whose sole purpose is to self-replicate within their host organism. By definition, selfreplication makes viruses autopoietic. Given this and autopoiesis' presence in systems theory, it is argued that HE psychology offers a unique role in understanding viruses more broadly than more narrow approaches might permit. COVID-19 (a.k.a. novel coronavirus disease) is used in this essay as a case example for such. Specifically, coronavirus is multifaceted in that it is biological as well as a sociocultural phenomenon. As "biosociocultural", coronavirus could be considered not biomimetic-i.e., life-mimicking-but instead "biomemetic". As biomemetic, coronavirus is viral in its biologicality and as a frequent topic of discourse across various media (e.g., televised news and social media).
Frontiers in Psychology, 2021
Editorial on the Research Topic COVID-19 and Existential Positive Psychology (PP2.0): The New Science of Self-Transcendence COVID-19 has changed everything. It has brought devastations and disruptions (Gallup, 2020; Harvard University, 2021), but in the midst of devastations there is transformation and innovation. This special issue of Frontiers provides an introduction to the new science of flourishing through suffering (Wong, 2021a) and a new vista of meaning-centered global wellbeing (Batthyany and Russo-Netzer, 2014; Wong, 2017a; DeAngelis, 2018). The transformative power of suffering can be seen at various levels. At the individual level, the adversity and lockdown from COVID-19 provide opportunities for business growth (Valinsky, 2020; Peek and Casarella, 2021) and personal transformation (Weir, 2020; Williams et al., 2021; Kim et al.). In short, it is possible that the worst of times can become the best of times for any individual with the necessary inner resources such as meaning, faith, courage, and creativity (Wong and Worth, 2017; Marano, 2021). At the institutional level, the ever-evolving coronavirus has laid bare the inadequacies of the current medical model and the need for change in government policies in funding and mental healthcare (Wong, 2021b). For example, we may need more grassroots mental health education (International Network on Personal Meaning, 2019) and more accessibility to different kinds of qualified mental health providers which are currently not supported by governments and insurance companies. We may also need to consider a more humanistic-existential orientation toward mental health as advocated by Rollo May (Schlett, 2021) and Victor Frankl (Wong, 2021c,d). At the cultural level, the pandemic represents a wake-up call to the weaknesses of an individualist and pleasure-seeking society like America in combating the coronavirus (Friedman, 2020). More specially, the anti-vaccination movement in the name of personal freedom and liberty reveals the fault-line in democracy: freedom without personal and social responsibility may endanger public health in terms of rising COVID cases (Gerson, 2021) and new waves of the pandemic (Aiello, 2021). The freedom to pursue happiness and pleasure without responsibility may be killing Western democracy because democracy without responsibility may degenerate to nihilism or succumb to authoritarianism.