Optimising New Mobility Services (original) (raw)
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The Economics of Regulating Ride-Hailing and Dockless Bike Share
International Transport Forum Discussion Papers, 2018
The current decade has seen rapid growth in, and diversification of, mobility services based on smartphone apps using real-time information and tailored to user needs. Ride-hailing services were some of the earliest to emerge and have grown extremely rapidly worldwide in the last five years, with companies such as Uber, DiDi Chuxing, Grab and Ola being among the most prominent. However, there have also been rapid developments in other modes, including car-sharing, bike-sharing and scootersharing services. Prominent names in these fields include Lyft, BlaBlaCar, Zipcar, Mobike, Ofo, Jump, Bird and Lime.
Research in Transportation Business & Management, 2020
The city of Rethymno in Crete is the first Greek city to host a Dockless Bike Sharing System (DBSS). This is a scheme that means to promote sustainable mobility and help mitigating high levels of car traffic induced particularly during summer by a consistently increasing number of tourists. The present paper examines the efficiency of this DBSS aiming at: a) analysing the current usage patterns, b) identifying and discussing the various reasons that encourage or deter its usage and c) capturing a few key user perceptions reflecting and affecting scheme acceptance and usage. The study adopts a mix-method approach consisting of secondary data analysis, field observations and a quantitative survey, completed by 534 DBSS users. The findings illustrate that DBSS is used primarily for short-distance trips (up to 1,5km) and very short rentals (up to 15 mins). Traffic safety concerns and limitations in the existing cycling infrastructure are two of the factors adversely affecting the scheme's usage, since many questioned whether the scheme was an effective investment under the present situation with the given constrains of Rethymno's transport system. The majority of both frequent and occasional users thought that the scheme is affordable, easy to use and suitable for both tourist and local populations. These findings constitute the first ever footprint of DBSS usage in Greece and can be used as an input for delivering appropriate policy interventions in future urban transportation strategies looking to promote and reinforce bike sharing usage and increase cycling uptake. The paper also offers valuable guidance to mobility providers about how bike sharing businesses can prosper long-term in an environment where shared mobility schemes constitute novel socio-technical interventions.
Challenges and Opportunities in Dock-Based Bike-Sharing Rebalancing: A Systematic Review
Sustainability
Bike-sharing systems (BSS) have raised in popularity in the last years due to their potential share in sustainable cities. Although the first attempts to implement a bike-sharing public service date back to 1965 (Amsterdam), their widespread use arrived with the millennium becoming a vibrant research area whose activity has increased steadily in the last decade. Several authors have attempted to summarize the current state of the art, but the literature on BSS is still scattered in different fields. Thus, there is a lack of literature that summarizes and categorizes the available research on BSS. In this paper, we perform a thorough review of the challenges behind rebalancing in bike-sharing systems. The objectives of this paper are to collect papers on the repositioning problem in dock-based bike-sharing services, classify them and point to novel research venues. We render a keyword analysis in the literature and a timeline that shows the evolution of those keywords throughout the ...
Dockless App-Based Bicycle-Sharing Systems in China: Lessons from a Case of Emergent Technology
Technology and the City. Philosophy of Engineering and Technology, 2021
Since cycling can contribute to sustainability, shared-bicycle schemes have been encouraged as a green technology. In Chinese cities, however, dockless app-based bicycle-sharing systems (DABS) have become a blight, resulting in tremendous waste. Ironically, this stems from the success of DABS-their rapid development and adoption. As an "emergent" technology, DABS in China consist in the confluence of existing technologies and extra-technological factors, situations different from the sum of their parts, where negative consequences are more difficult to identify and address. Additionally, DABS in China are a case of private, app-based technology providing a good traditionally regulated by municipal governments. For these reasons, it provides valuable lessons: The negative consequences associated with DABS in China result from a lack of policy formulation and implementation, failing to consider and address extra-technological dimensions. Private technology companies should not be left to ensure these goods, and municipalities must craft policies to ensure stakeholder interests.
CPB The Economics of Regulating Ride-Hailing and Dockless Bike Share Discussion
2018
The current decade has seen rapid growth in, and diversification of, mobility services based on smartphone apps using real-time information and tailored to user needs. Ride-hailing services were some of the earliest to emerge and have grown extremely rapidly worldwide in the last five years, with companies such as Uber, DiDi Chuxing, Grab and Ola being among the most prominent. However, there have also been rapid developments in other modes, including car-sharing, bike-sharing and scootersharing services. Prominent names in these fields include Lyft, BlaBlaCar, Zipcar, Mobike, Ofo, Jump, Bird and Lime.
arXiv (Cornell University), 2019
In 2017, dockless bikeshare systems were introduced in the United States, followed by dockless scootershare in early 2018. These new mobility options are expected to complement the existing station-based bikeshare systems, which are bound to static origin and destination points at docking stations. The three systems attract different users with different travel behavior mobility patterns. The present research provides a comparative analysis of users' behavior for these three shared mobility systems during March-May 2018 in the District of Columbia. Our study identifies similarities/differences between the two systems aiming for better planning, operating, and decision-making of these emerging personal shared mobility systems in the future. It uses logistic regression and random forest modeling to delineate between "member" behavior, which aligns most closely with commuter behavior, and "casual" behavior that represents more recreational behavior. The results show that 63.8% of dockless bike users and 69.6% of dockless scooter users demonstrated "member" behavior, which is slightly lower than the actual percentage of trips made by members within the conventional bikeshare system (73.3%). Dockless systems users also showed to have short trip durations similar to conventional bikeshare system's registered members, with no significant difference between trips during weekdays and weekends. Overall, this study provides a methodology to understand users' behavior for the dockless bikeshare system and provides sufficient evidence that these new shared mobility systems can potentially make positive contributions to urban multi-modal infrastructure by promoting bicycle usage for urban daily travel.
Shared Micromobility Policy Toolkit: Docked and Dockless Bike and Scooter Sharing
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2019
Shared Micromobility-the shared use of a bicycle, scooter, or other low-speed mode-is an innovative transportation strategy that enables users to have short-term access to a mode of transportation on an asneeded basis. Shared micromobility includes various service models and transportation modes that meet the diverse needs of travelers, such as station-based bikesharing (a bicycle picked-up from and returned to any station or kiosk) and dockless bikesharing and scooter sharing (a bicycle or scooter picked up and returned to any location). Early documented impacts of shared micromobility include increased mobility, reduced greenhouse gas emissions, decreased automobile use, economic development, and health benefits. WHO USES SHARED MICROMOBILITY? Some studies suggest that the market potential for micromobility could include between 8 to 15 percent of trips under five miles and grow to 200Bto200B to 200Bto300B in the U.S. There are limited studies of dockless micromobility, and while early studies suggest that users are often Caucasian, generally younger and upper-to-middle income, some of the cities who provided feedback on this Toolkit have noted evidence that counter those findings. Convenience may be a core motivator for using dockless micromobility. SHARED MICROMOBILITY POLICIES AND PRACTICES Curb space management is a term used to describe a transportation design and policy approach that requires curb access to be planned, designed, operated, and maintained to enable safe, convenient, and multimodal access for all transportation users. This section reviews best practices and case studies for curb space management and related policies, including equity programs, enforcement, data sharing, and performance metrics for establishing pilot programs and policies for micromobility. CONCLUSION This section concludes with a summary of key findings from this toolkit.
i-CHANGE: A Platform for Managing Dockless Bike Sharing Systems
Computational Science and Its Applications – ICCSA 2020, 2020
The new generation of bike-sharing services without docking stations is spreading around large cities of the world. The paper provides a technical specification of a platform, for managing a dockless bike sharing system. The bicycles of the platform are equipped with GPS devices and GPRS cards that can transmit, over the Internet, their exact location at any time. We collect and store all events derived from a user’s interaction with the system and in addition the trajectory points of a route during a rent order. The platform aims to fulfill the requirements of bikers, administrators and the research community through the collection, analysis and exploitation of bike sharing data. In the context of the platform, an app for smart devices is implemented for citizens to access the system. A dashboard is offered to the administrator as a valuable tool to inspect, promote the system and evaluate its usage. Last, all stored anonymised data can be accessible for further analysis by the res...
Journal of Transport Geography
Shared micromobility-the shared use of bicycles, scooters, or other low-speed modes-is an innovative transportation strategy growing across the United States that includes various service models such as docked, dockless, and e-bike service models. This research focuses on understanding how docked bikesharing and dockless e-bikesharing models complement and compete with respect to user travel behaviors. To inform our analysis, we used two datasets from February 2018 of Ford GoBike (docked) and JUMP (dockless electric) bikesharing trips in San Francisco. We employed three methodological approaches: 1) travel behavior analysis, 2) discrete choice analysis with a destination choice model, and 3) geospatial suitability analysis based on the Spatial Temporal Economic Physiological Social (STEPS) to Transportation Equity framework. We found that dockless e-bikesharing trips were longer in distance and duration than docked trips. The average JUMP trip was about a third longer in distance and about twice as long in duration than the average GoBike trip. JUMP users were far less sensitive to estimated total elevation gain than were GoBike users, making trips with total elevation gain about three times larger than those of GoBike users, on average. The JUMP system achieved greater usage rates than GoBike, with 0.8 more daily trips per bike and 2.3 more miles traveled on each bike per day, on average. The destination choice model results suggest that JUMP users traveled to lower-density destinations, and GoBike users were largely traveling to dense employment areas. Bike rack density was a significant positive factor for JUMP users. The location of GoBike docking stations may attract users and/or be well-placed to the destination preferences of users. The STEPS-based bikeability analysis revealed opportunities for the expansion of both bikesharing systems in areas of the city where high-job density and bike facility availability converge with older resident populations.