Biosensors and their application in healthcare: hot topics (original) (raw)
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Talanta, 2008
Biosensors have witnessed an escalating interest nowadays, both in the research and commercial fields. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) biosensors (genosensors) have been exploited for their inherent physicochemical stability and suitability to discriminate different organism strains. The main principle of detection among genosensors relies on specific DNA hybridization, directly on the surface of a physical transducer. This review covers the main DNA immobilization techniques reported so far, new microand nanotechnological platforms for biosensing and the transduction mechanisms in genosensors. Clinical applications, in particular, demand large-scale and decentralized DNA testing. New schemes for DNA diagnosis include DNA chips and microfluidics, which couples DNA detection with sample pretreatment under in vivo-like hybridization conditions. Higher sensitivity and specificity may arise from nanoengineered structures, like carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and DNA/protein conjugates. A new platform for universal DNA biosensing is also presented, and its implications for the future of molecular diagnosis are argued.
DNA Biosensors and Microarrays
Chemical Reviews, 2008
and currently holds a position as a Ph.D. student in biochemistry at the Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires at the Université Lyon 1. Her research work focuses on optical biosensors based on polyluminol. Béatrice D. Leca-Bouvier received the Doctorat de Spécialité in biochemistry from the Université Lyon 1 in 1995. After a postdoctoral period at the University of Perpignan, where she worked in Pr. Jean-Louis Marty's group on elecrochemical biosensors, she became Assistant Professor of Biochemistry at the Université Lyon 1, and she is now working on optical biosensors in the Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et Biomoléculaire, within the Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires. Loïc J. Blum, born in 1955, received the Doctorat de Spécialité (1983) in biochemistry and the Doctorat d'Etat ès Sciences (1991) from the Université Lyon 1. He is presently Professor of Biochemistry and Biotechnology at the same university and is involved in the development of nanobiotechnology-related topics (biosensors, bioanalytical micro-and nanosystems, biochips, and biomimetic membranes). He is the head of both the
An Electrochemical DNA Biosensor Developed on a
2008
An electrochemical DNA nanobiosensor was prepared by immobilization of a 20mer thiolated probe DNA on electro-deposited generation 4 (G4) poly(propyleneimine) dendrimer (PPI) doped with gold nanoparticles (AuNP) as platform, on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE). Field emission scanning electron microscopy results confirmed the co-deposition of PPI (which was linked to the carbon electrode surface by C-N covalent bonds) and AuNP ca 60 nm. Voltammetric interrogations showed that the platform (GCE/PPI-AuNP) was conducting and exhibited reversible electrochemistry (E°′ = 235 mV) in pH 7.2 phosphate buffer saline solution (PBS) due to the PPI component. The redox chemistry of PPI was pH dependent and involves a two electron, one proton process, as interpreted from a 28 mV/pH value obtained from pH studies. The charge transfer resistance (Rct) from the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) profiles of GCE/PPI-AuNP monitored with ferro/ferricyanide (Fe(CN)63-/4-) redox probe, decreased by 81% compared to bare GCE. The conductivity (in PBS) and reduced Rct (in Fe(CN)63-/4-) values confirmed PPI-AuNP as a suitable electron transfer mediator platform for voltammetric and impedimetric DNA biosensor. The DNA probe was effectively wired onto the GCE/PPI-AuNP via Au-S linkage and electrostatic interactions. The nanobiosensor responses to target DNA which gave a dynamic linear range of 0.01 - 5 nM in PBS was based on the changes in Rct values using Fe(CN)63-/4- redox probe.
Electrochemical biosensors for DNA hybridization and DNA damage
Biosensors & Bioelectronics, 1998
Recent trends in the development of DNA biosensors for nucleotide sequence-specific DNA hybridization and for the detection of the DNA damage are briefly reviewed. Changes in the redox signals of base residues in DNA immobilized at the surface of carbon or mercury electrodes can be used as a sign of the damage of DNA bases. Some compounds interacting with DNA can produce their own redox signals on binding to DNA. Covalently closed circular (usually supercoiled) DNA attached to the electrode surface can be used for a sensitive detection of a single break of the DNA sugar-phosphate backbone and for detection of agents cleaving the DNA backbone such as hydroxyl radicals, ionizing radiation, nucleases, etc. Using the peptide nucleic acid in the biosensor recognition layer greatly increased the specificity of the DNA hybridization biosensor making it possible to detect point mutations (single-base mismatches) in DNA.
Biosensors are the devices that capture the biological signal and convert it into a detectable electrical signal. It involves the combination of biological entities like DNA, RNA, and proteins/enzymes to the electrochemical transducers in order to detect and observe certain biological analytes like antibody-antigen interaction. Several types of biosensors have been known that have been successfully employed in the fields of environment, biomedical and food industries to detect and remove certain contaminants, weather non-living or living entities. Amperometric, Optical, Surface Plasmon Resonance, enzymatic, DNA, Phage, and bacterial sensors are the common sensors being employed today. These biosensors can be used for the detection of the broad spectrum of biological analytes and have shown greater responses and success in medical laboratories, food bioanalysis, microbial detection etc. Detection of the lower or higher limits of glucose in body, microbial invasion in body and food, heavy metals detection in soil, water and air-borne microbes, pesticides in water and soil and various harmful chemicals produced by body, can be easily and timely monitored with high precision using the different types of biosensors with few modifications.
Biosensors: Their Fundamentals, Designs, Types and Most Recent Impactful Applications: A Review
Journal of Biosensors & Bioelectronics, 2017
Biosensors are the devices that capture the biological signal and convert it into a detectable electrical signal. It involves the combination of biological entities like DNA, RNA, and proteins/enzymes to the electrochemical transducers in order to detect and observe certain biological analytes like antibody-antigen interaction. Several types of biosensors have been known that have been successfully employed in the fields of environment, biomedical and food industries to detect and remove certain contaminants, weather non-living or living entities. Amperometric, Optical, Surface Plasmon Resonance, enzymatic, DNA, Phage, and bacterial sensors are the common sensors being employed today. These biosensors can be used for the detection of the broad spectrum of biological analytes and have shown greater responses and success in medical laboratories, food bioanalysis, microbial detection etc. Detection of the lower or higher limits of glucose in body, microbial invasion in body and food, heavy metals detection in soil, water and airborne microbes, pesticides in water and soil and various harmful chemicals produced by body, can be easily and timely monitored with high precision using the different types of biosensors with few modifications.
in enzyme sensors, immunosensors, and microbial biosensors, relatively little work exists on DNA based biosensors. Here we review the DNA based biosensors that rely on nucleic acid hybridization.
Small, 2009
In this work, a simple but sensitive electrochemical DNA biosensor for nucleic acid detection was developed by taking advantage of exonuclease (Exo) I-assisted cleavage for background reduction and zirconia-reduced graphene oxide-thionine (ZrO 2-rGO-Thi) nanocomposite for integral DNA recognition, signal amplification, and reporting. The ZrO 2-rGO nanocomposite was obtained by a one-step hydrothermal synthesis method. Then, thionine was adsorbed onto the rGO surface, via π-π stacking, as an excellent electrochemical probe. The biosensor fabrication is very simple, with probe DNA immobilization and hybridization recognition with the target nucleic acid. Then, the ZrO 2-rGO-Thi nanocomposite was captured onto an electrode via the multicoordinative interaction of ZrO 2 with the phosphate group on the DNA skeleton. The adsorbed abundant thionine molecules onto the ZrO 2-rGO nanocomposite facilitated an amplified electrochemical response related with the target DNA. Since upon the interaction of the ZrO 2-rGO-Thi nanocomposite with the probe DNA an immobilized electrode may also occur, an Exo I-assisted cleavage was combined to remove the unhybridized probe DNA for background reduction. With the current proposed strategy, the target DNA related with P53 gene could be sensitively assayed, with a wide linear detection range from 100 fM to 10 nM and an attractive low detection limit of 24 fM. Also, the developed DNA biosensor could differentiate the mismatched targets from complementary target DNA. Therefore, it offers a simple but effective biosensor fabrication strategy and is anticipated to show potential for applications in bioanalysis and medical diagnosis.