Spatial Planning and Management (original) (raw)
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18. Spatial Planning and Management
2012
The Origins of Spatial Planning Spatial planning refers in short to "the methods used by the public sector to influence the distribution of resources and activities in spaces of various types and scales". Spatial planning includes all levels of land use planning, that is urban and rural planning, regional planning, environmental planning, national spatial plans, and planning on international levels. There are numerous definitions of spatial planning. One of the earliest comes from the European Regional/ Spatial Planning Charter (often called the 'Torremolinos Charter'), adopted in 1983 by the European Conference of Ministers responsible for Regional Planning (CEMAT). It reads Regional/spatial planning gives geographical expression to the economic, social, cultural and ecological policies of society. It is at the same time a scientific discipline, an administrative technique and a policy developed as an interdisciplinary and comprehensive approach directed towards a balanced regional development and the physical organisation of space according to an overall strategy. This definition sets spatial planning in a broad and interdisciplinary context. Spatial planning challenges in this way the understanding of planning focusing merely on land-use planning and on blueprints. Indeed, spatial planning includes strategy building and is closely intertwined with regional and environmental policies. Even the term European spatial planning is ambiguous and probably best understood as territorial policy-making on European level. Developing Methods and Tools of Spatial Planning in Europe Numerous planning systems exist around the world. Especially in Northwestern Europe spatial planning has evolved greatly since the time after the Second World War. In 1999, the European Spatial Development Perspective (ESDP) was signed by the ministers responsible for regional planning in the EU member states at a meeting in Potsdam, Germany. Although the ESDP has no binding status, as the European Union has no formal authority for spatial planning, the ESDP has influenced spatial planning policy in European regions and member states, and placed the coordination of EU sectoral policies on the political agenda, as ESDP provides the possibility of widening the horizon beyond solely sectoral policy measures.
The Importance of Context and Comparison in the Study of European Spatial Planning
European Planning Studies, 2008
The European Spatial Development Perspective (ESDP) was agreed in 1999 at Potsdam, Germany, as a non-binding framework intended to guide spatially significant policymaking at different spatial scales in order to achieve a more balanced and sustainable growth of the EU territory. This paper develops a conceptualization of the nature of transnational planning frameworks such as the ESDP and presents a framework for the investigation of the application of their policy orientations in the spatial planning systems of European states. It is argued that investigations of the application of transnational spatial development frameworks like the ESDP and the 'Territorial Agenda of the European Union' document adopted by EU member states in 2007, need to be sensitized to the diversity of territorial contexts in which these apply, and that a contextualized and comparative approach is therefore essential in evaluating their influence in Europe's varied territories. development policies and EU sectoral policies. Six forms of application were identified including the application of the ESDP's policy orientations in the spatial planning systems of the member states of the EU. This form of application is the focus of the present paper. Specifically, it was proposed that member states should "now take into account the policy aims and options of the ESDP in their national spatial planning systems in the way they see fit and inform the public of their experiences gained from European co-operation in spatial development" (CEC, 1999, p. 44). Member states were also called upon to "take into consideration the European dimension of spatial development in adjusting national spatial development policies, plans and reports" and it was suggested that "the requirement for a 'Europeanization of state, regional and urban planning' is increasingly evident" (CEC, 1999, p. 45). The commitment to applying the ESDP in member states was reaffirmed at a meeting of EU Ministers responsible for spatial planning and Urban/Regional policy at Tampere, Finland, in October 1999. The resulting ESDP Action Programme contained 12 actions including the monitoring the integration of ESDP policy options into national spatial planning (Ministers Responsible for Spatial Planning and Urban and Regional Policy 1999). In 2001, the Belgian EU Presidency followedup this action with a survey into "ESDP policy orientations in national spatial planning".
The hidden face of European spatial planning: Innovations in governance
European Planning Studies, 2005
Presently, the 'informal' European Spatial Development Perspective (ESDP) is being duly applied. At the same time, European planners are still searching for a shared understanding of what European spatial planning actually means. Against the backdrop of current developments in European governance, it seems appropriate to explore various regional perspectives on this emergent phenomenon. In so doing, one needs to go beyond the most commonly known perspectives, though. One needs to also reveal the less obvious 'southern perspectives'. Under close scrutiny, they show themselves well capable of introducing some valuable new elements, and they are as equally useful as others in enriching the debate on European spatial planning and in deepening our understanding about current changes in planning practices in Europe.
Towards a European spatial planning policy: Theoretical dilemmas and institutional implications
European Planning Studies, 1996
This article examines the emergence, the present configuration and the perspectives of a spatial planning policy at a European level in the light of the institutional and economic properties embodied in the nature of the European integration process. First, it recapitulates the main historical steps through which the idea of a European view about spatial questions has been developed as a combined result of cohesion and solidarity objectives and liberal market constraints. On the basis of these complementary and competitive principles, the article explores the conceptual identity of the emerging policy and discusses especially the reorientations of the spatial justice concept under a market integration paradigm. Finally, it presents the fundamental traits for the institutional design of the new policy, which lead to the reshaping of the traditional hierarchical, substantialist and normative profile of welfare spatial intervention towards an horizontal, procedural and pluralist model of collective spatial coordination. The article comes to the conclusion that the conceptual and institutional innovations to which the emergence of a European spatial planning policy is submitted constitute a part of a more general rearrangement in the legitimation basis of public policies in a post‐national and post‐welfare Europe. Recognition of these transformations could be seen both as a search for new forms of governance beyond the state and as a chance for rethinking traditional concepts of social theory in a time of change.
THEORETICAL AND APPLIED ISSUES OF ECONOMICS, 2021
Considering that the goal of the spatial development of the European Union is to ensure the sustainable development of European regions, strengthen democratic structures at the regional and municipal levels and increase competitiveness, the usefulness of spatial planning is justified. This will allow improving the placement of productive forces, resettlement schemes, highlighting the areas of the most important natural objects, taking into account economic specialization, the level of development, the nature of the use of natural resources and economic potentials, etc. An integrated approach to spatial planning is proposed, which provides for identifying the features of the supporting frame, zoning the territory taking into account social, economic and environmental characteristics, and optimizing the territorial structure. This will create conditions for overcoming structural changes in the spatial development of the region related to the need to regulate land use processes, the in...
Born in the cradle of social and economic cohesion Community principle twelve years ago, the European Spatial Development Perspective (ESDP) has contributed to the institutional recognition of the territorial dimension of cohesion. Territorial cohesion is now included among the “Union's objectives” at Art. I-3 in the, although not ratified yet, new Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe. The implementation of territorial cohesion policy is a matter of good EU territorial governance, an aim that the ESDP also embraces. ...