Polish return migrants. Analysis of selected decision-making processes (original) (raw)

Dilemmas Faced by Polish Migrants in the UK Concerning Brexit and Return Migration

Chrześcijaństwo, Świat, Polityka, 2023

This paper presents the results of an original quantitative sociological study conducted in Autumn 2019 on a sample of 620 Polish migrants living in London, Oxford, and Swindon. The study was conducted using a groupadministered questionnaire. It was primarily to address the question of whether they intend to return to Poland and when. We identify some significant factors influencing their choices. Those are the length of stay in England, their financial situation, their knowledge of English, their ability to assimilate culturally, their relations to the families in Poland, homesickness, and better religious education of children. Religious issues, although mentioned, are less critical; however, a deeper statistical analysis allows to understand the religious background more broadly, to provide a clearer image of the respondents' deep motivations.

The Dilemmas of Policy Towards Return Migration. The Case of Poland After the EU Accession

The article introduces the theoretical approach to analysing return migration policy and discusses the main dilemmas of the state related to political reaction to returns of its nationals. The concept of reac-tive and active policy is presented, the first aiming at minimising the negative effects of returns, while the second focused on stimulating the return processes. The main drivers and determinants of the re-turn policy effectiveness as well as the types, scope and scale of state activities addressed to returnees are also discussed in the article. The practice of state policy implementation is illustrated with the ex-ample of the particular case of Poland as a country which faced mass emigration after accession to the European Union and return migration in the recent years. The review of conceptual documents, the rationale for the state policy and the variety of activities implemented by the Polish government and other institutions are presented.

Migration Plans and Strategies of Recent Polish Migrants to England and Wales: Do They Have Any and How Do They Change?

2013

Debates have persisted about the character of the large East-West population flows that followed the accession of Poland and other Central and Eastern European states to the EU in 2004. Some of the key discussions surround the extent to which the mobility has been temporal and hence how likely these migrants are to settle permanently or to stay for long periods in host countries. This paper further enhances the understanding of such issues mainly through examining survey data on 700 Polish nationals in seven English and Welsh towns and cities, and supplemented by an analysis of qualitative information obtained from the respondents. Three categories of migrants are initially identified on the basis of their intentions of stay in the UK. Multinomial logit models are then estimated to examine the characteristics of individuals in each category to establish the factors that influence migration strategies and changes in plans. The results indicate that although standard socio-economic ch...

To settle or to leave again? Patterns of return migration to Poland during the transition period

2013

The article discusses the notion of return migration with regard to its permanency and temporariness. In reference to selective patterns of return migration, factors conducive to permanent returns and to re-emigration, i.e. subsequent migration after the return, are examined with the use of a logistic regression model. Analyses demonstrated in the article are devoted to return migration to Poland in 1989Poland in -2002 and based on the 2002 Polish census data. The obtained results confirm earlier findings on the major role of the level of human capital and family attachments in shaping the nature of the return waves. It was revealed that return migrants who decided on a longer stay in Poland were more often living in Polish urban areas, and had higher human capital and stronger family attachments to Poland, when compared to re-emigrants. It was also observed that return migrants possessing dual nationality were the most likely to engage in re-emigration, while descendants of Polish emigrants tended to settle in Poland on a more permanent basis.

The scale and direction of international migration from Poland after Poland’s accession to the European Union and in the age of economic crisis

Post-accession Polish migration was one of the most important events in recent Polish history. After 2004, with labour markets opening to them, the Poles moved en masse to the West. In addition to foreign destinations traditionally chosen by Poles, new ones emerged -Ireland and the United Kingdom. The aim of this paper is to show the scale of emigration from Poland, the directions of migrations and the regions of migrants' origin after the Polish accession to the European Union, and particularly in times of economic crisis. The study used data from the Central Statistical Office and referred to trips involving permanent residence and temporal residence in the years 2004-2012.

Push and pull factors of post-accession migrations from Poland

How Migrants Choose Their Destinations. Factors Influencing Post-EU Accession Choices and Decisions to Remain, 2024

This chapter, which starts with a short introduction to the history of migrations from Poland, focuses on the period after the country's European Union (EU) accession in 2004. Based on numerous existing publications, it discusses the relative importance of various push, pull and intervening factors for migration decisions, especially for choices between potential migration destinations. Push and pull factors are categorized as economic, cultural or social.

Anna Odrowąż-Coates, Michał Kwiatkowski, Mariusz Korczyński The advantages and drawbacks of Polish migration post Poland’s accession to the EU – diversity, social trust and learning curve

The interests of the Polish state underline the perspective assumed in this paper, which concerns migration to the United Kingdom and changes in the identity of Polish migrants. The idea of self and voluntary de-nationalization is at the centre of the discussion. Assimilation and integration are central to the interests of the host nation and permanent successful transition. As such, these have already been widely examined by multiple researchers. The authors take a new look at these processes from the “liquid identity” angle, with the loss of “Polishness” and assumption of a new national identity as the main focus of the analysis. A hybrid, transnational identity is born, followed by a more extreme, full de-nationalization (internal loss of nationality) and in consequence, re-nationalization within the hosting nation. The authors argue that an in-depth enquiry into the causes and scale of this phenomenon is of paramount importance for the future of Poland. Keywords Emigration, national identity, liquid identity, self-denationalization, integration. It can be downloaded from: http://www.wse.krakow.pl/pl/nauka-i-badania/kip/archiwum-kip/1908-unia-europejska-15-2014

Where and Why in the UK? The Case of Polish Migrants

Olsztyn Economic Journal

This article focuses on one of the most controversial issues frequently discussed by many including politicians, academics and the media in the UK and Poland: migration of Polish people to Britain. The main aim is to identify the important factors causing migration of Poles within the UK. In this article, the authors seek to study the pull factors, i.e. level of wages or employment rate, for Polish people between different regions within the UK. By using the data from "Labour Force Surveys" collected by the UK government; and data from Główny Urząd Statystyczny (GUS) in Poland, this paper analyses where and why the Polish migrants live in the UK. The most important factor determining the fraction of Polish people in a given region is the fraction of Polish people in that region in the past. When Polish people move within UK, they tend to choose a region with a higher level of gross pay, and they don't seem to consider the risk of unemployment. The authors are grateful ...

Theorizing Polish Migration across Europe: Perspectives, Concepts, and Methodologies

With the focus on the post-2004 mobility of Polish citizens, in this article we discuss two interrelated questions; namely, what are the most productive ways to theorize contemporary Polish migration, and what are the most fruitful methodologies aimed at understanding Polish migration and Poles on the move? In the first part of this article we unpack three interrelated theoretical frameworks: ‘liquid migration’, ‘regimes of mobility,’ and ‘transnationalism’. The methodological discussion in the second part of the article focuses mainly on outlining and contextualizing the most common approaches to migration phenomena. By critically introducing quantitative and qualitative methodologies, we explore and indicate the advantages of the ethnographic perspective and the merits and predicaments of research engagement in multiple sites.

Post-Accession Emigration from Poland: A New or Old Kind of Emigration? Notes on the Book A Decade of Poland’s Membership in the Euro- pean Union. The Social Consequences of Emigra- tion from Poland After 2004

2016

Finally, Abrego asks why these families need to make so many sacrifices and why they have to experience separation across national borders. She points to global problem of ‘limited economics [sic] opportunities (...) [that] drive parents to opt for migration as their last hope – despite the financial, physical and emotional risks’ (p. 196). She emphasises that restrictive immigration policies can make people’s lives unbearable, especially because of the limited opportunity for family reunification. Abrego opens a debate in American society by asking: ‘Are we comfortable being a country that legally enables human rights abuses of migrants? What are we willing to do to stop the sacrificing of those [Salvadoran] families?’ (p. 196). Leisy J. Abrego’s Sacrificing Families. Navigating Laws, Labor, and Love Across Borders will be of particular interest toresearchers interested in compelling portrayals of transnational families and the issues they face in the twenty-first century.