Respiratory Monitoring System Based on the Thoracic Expansion Measurement (original) (raw)
Sensors, 2021
This paper introduces an automatic non-contact monitoring method based on the synchronous evaluation of a 3D time-of-flight (ToF) camera and a microwave interferometric radar sensor for measuring the respiratory rate of neonates. The current monitoring on the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) has several issues which can cause pressure marks, skin irritations and eczema. To minimize these risks, a non-contact system made up of a 3D time-of-flight camera and a microwave interferometric radar sensor is presented. The 3D time-of-flight camera delivers 3D point clouds which can be used to calculate the change in distance of the moving chest and from it the respiratory rate. The disadvantage of the ToF camera is that the heartbeat cannot be determined. The microwave interferometric radar sensor determines the change in displacement caused by the respiration and is even capable of measuring the small superimposed movements due to the heartbeat. The radar sensor is very sensitive towards...
Medical Devices for Measuring Respiratory Rate in Children: a Review
Journal of Advances in Biomedical Engineering and Technology, 2016
s: Respiratory rate is an important vital sign used for diagnosing illnesses in children as well as prioritising patient care. All children presenting acutely to hospital should have a respiratory rate measured as part of their initial and ongoing assessment. However measuring the respiratory rate remains a subjective assessment and in children can be liable to measurement error especially if the child is uncooperative. Devices to measure respiratory rate exist but many provide only an estimate of respiratory rate due to the associated methodological complexities. Some devices are used within the intensive care, post-operative or more specialised investigatory settings none however have made their way into the everyday clinical setting. A non-contact device may be better tolerated in children and not cause undue stress distorting the measurement. Further validation and adaption to the acute clinical setting is needed before such devices can supersede current methods.
Monitor of respiratory movement and caretaking system in baby cradle
The paper introduces a helping hand for the busy professional parent. Parent of an infant is a responsible task. We are introducing an embedded system in the baby cradle that acts as a helping hand to nurture our next generation. With minimal effort, it creates a worriless and affectionate bond between the two while the parent is busy with professional work. The system pampers the baby and alerts the parent at the time baby cries. ARM7 microcontroller based system along with servomotor and MP3 module pampers the baby, the sound sensor detects when the baby cries, the pressure sensor detects the presence of a baby in the cradle, accelerometer sensor module takes a reading of cradle swing, the ultrasonic sensor senses the breathing movement during baby sleep time. All the collected data in CSV format get transferred to PC/laptop that can be stored to analyze baby sleep hours or how often the baby needs attention or can help to the pediatrician to diagnose some kind of disease.
Chest wall and lung volume estimation by optical reflectance motion analysis
Journal of Applied Physiology, 1996
Cala, S. J., C. M. Kenyon, G. Ferrigno, P. Carnevali, A. Aliverti, A. Pedotti, P. T. Macklem, and D. F. Rochester. Chest wall and lung volume estimation by optical reflectance motion analysis. J. Appl. Physiol. 81(6): 2680–2689, 1996.—Estimation of chest wall motion by surface measurements only allows one-dimensional measurements of the chest wall. We have assessed an optical reflectance system (OR), which tracks reflective markers in three dimensions (3-D) for respiratory use. We used 86 (6-mm-diameter) hemispherical reflective markers arranged circumferentially on the chest wall in seven rows between the sternal notch and the anterior superior iliac crest in two normal standing subjects. We calculated the volume of the entire chest wall and compared inspired and expired volumes with volumes obtained by spirometry. Marker positions were recorded by four TV cameras; two were 4 m in front of and two were 4 m behind the subject. The TV signals were sampled at 100 Hz and combined with ...
Textronic Sensor for Monitoring Respiratory Rhythm
Fibres and Textiles in Eastern Europe
This paper describes the design of a textronic sensor for monitoring respiratory rhythm. The sensor, made of electroconductive materials, has a fabric structure and is knitted into a shirt.Tests were performed on a measuring stand and on volunteers. This paper presents characteristics of the sensor and curves of the input voltage of the sensor Key words: textronics, breathing sensor, measuring respiratory rhythm, electroconductive fibre. breathing, which is necessary for design-ing these kinds of products. Nowadays, respiratory rhythm is meas-ured by specialised medical devices monitoring certain physiological quanti-ties of the human. On the market there are many commercial solutions for meas-uring devices, so called spirometers. However, none of them is fully integrat-ed with clothing nor is a part of it. At-tempts at constructing mobile measuring systems have been made; however these constructions are based on conventional sensory systems, such as: n The Textro-monitoring™ system...
Case Studies in Thermal Engineering
The problem studied in this paper is the possibility of applying a non-invasive technique in monitoring respiratory rate in premature infants. At this time the systems used to monitor respiration in the newborn are difficult to use and do not provide satisfactory results. This paper proposes the use of thermographic technique and the analysis of thermal images that could be used to monitor the respiratory rate of premature infants. The thermographic technique was chosen because it is a non-invasive technique. In this case, monitoring is based on the determination of temperature changes in the nostrils caused by breathing (inhale/exhale). Video images focused on the region of the nostrils, with duration of 1 min, were used in processing at different times, from which the rate of inspiration/expiration was extracted starting from the temperature variations. Following the results obtained, we believe that IR thermography it is a technique that can be integrated into a complex system that can be used to monitor the respiratory rate of the newborn.
Circumferential measurement of thoracic wall using a standard respiratory belt
Journal of Digital Imaging
Respiratory gating during imaging to reduce imaging artifacts involves the gathering of image data only at the end of the respiratory cycle. This is commonly performed by a pneumatic respiratory belt to monitor thoracic wall motion during respiration. Such gating has been used for magnetic resonance, computerized tomographic, and nuclear medicine imaging. The goal of this study was to measure the performance of a standard belt used for gating imaging studies. The standard respiratory belt system provided with the Magnetom 42 SP MRI scanner (Siemens AG, Erlangen, Germany) was selected. The belt was connected to a microcontroller-based pressure measurement unit that was connected to the standard RS-232C serial port of a computer. The signal was compared with that of a strain gauge respiration transducer. The response of the system was tested in vitro both for isometric and isotonic loading. The data measured from the pneumatic belt was linear with different weights of 50 to 1,400 gram...
Neonatal non-contact respiratory monitoring based on real-time infrared thermography
BioMedical Engineering OnLine, 2011
Background: Monitoring of vital parameters is an important topic in neonatal daily care. Progress in computational intelligence and medical sensors has facilitated the development of smart bedside monitors that can integrate multiple parameters into a single monitoring system. This paper describes non-contact monitoring of neonatal vital signals based on infrared thermography as a new biomedical engineering application. One signal of clinical interest is the spontaneous respiration rate of the neonate. It will be shown that the respiration rate of neonates can be monitored based on analysis of the anterior naris (nostrils) temperature profile associated with the inspiration and expiration phases successively. Objective: The aim of this study is to develop and investigate a new non-contact respiration monitoring modality for neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) using infrared thermography imaging. This development includes subsequent image processing (region of interest (ROI) detection) and optimization. Moreover, it includes further optimization of this non-contact respiration monitoring to be considered as physiological measurement inside NICU wards. Results: Continuous wavelet transformation based on Debauches wavelet function was applied to detect the breathing signal within an image stream. Respiration was successfully monitored based on a 0.3°C to 0.5°C temperature difference between the inspiration and expiration phases. Conclusions: Although this method has been applied to adults before, this is the first time it was used in a newborn infant population inside the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). The promising results suggest to include this technology into advanced NICU monitors.
A REVIEW ON DIFFERENT TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS OF RESPIRATORY RATE MONITORS
Respiratory Rate (RR) is a very important physiological parameter to be monitored in both healthy and critical condition, as it gives meaningful information regarding their respiratory system performance as well as condition. Respiratory rate is an important vital sign that can indicate progression of illness but to also predict rapid decline in health. For the purpose, non-invasive monitoring systems are becoming more popular due to the self-evident increase in patient comfort. It can be hard to predict respiratory failure as it can lead to life threatening condition within a short span of time. Thus it necessitates continuous monitoring of respiratory activity and suitable monitoring equipment are developed which could be life-saving. The survey incorporates non-obtrusive strategies and gadgets used to give data about respiratory rate. Many types of respiratory rate monitors have been used for the measurement of the Respiration Rate. This review consists of seven types of Respiration Rate monitors with different sensors. Respiration Rate monitor using Ultrasonic Sensor and Respiration Rate monitor using facial tracking method are the non-contact respiration rate monitoring system. Respiration Rate measurement based on Impedance Pneumography and Respiration Rate measurement are based on the Thoracic Expansion measurement include the sensor that are placed on the thorax. Respiration Rate monitor with MEMS based Capacitive Pressure Sensor, Respiration Rate monitor with temperature sensor, Respiration Rate meter–a low–cost design approach uses sensors that are mounted within the oxygen mask. Thus the Respiratory Rate Monitors discussed in this paper provide optimal result to detect changes in the severity of chronic illnesses.