A Meta-Analytic Review of the Theories of Reasoned Action and Planned Behavior in Physical Activity: Predictive Validity and the Contribution of Additional Variables (original) (raw)
Related papers
Psychological reports, 2016
The theory of planned behavior (TPB) has received its fair share of criticism lately, including calls for it to retire. We contribute to improving the theory by testing extensions such as the model of goal-directed behavior (MGDB, which adds desire and anticipated positive and negative emotions) applied to physical activity (PA) intention. We also test the inclusion of a descriptive norms construct as an addition to the subjective norms construct, also applied to PA, resulting in two additional models: TPB including descriptive norms (TPB + DN) and MGDB including descriptive norms (MGDB + DN). The study is based on an online survey of 400 young adult Internet users, previously enrolled in a subject pool. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) showed that TPB and TPB + DN were not fit for purpose, while MGDB and MGDB + DN were. Structural equation modelling (SEM) conducted on MGDB and MGDB + DN showed that the inclusion of descriptive norms took over the significance of injunctive norms,...
Applying An Extended Version of the Theory of Planned Behaviour to Physical Activity
Journal of sports sciences, 2003
This prospective study explored whether extending the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) with additional variables (descriptive norm, moral norm, anticipated affective reaction, self-identity and past behaviour) would account for additional variance in physical activity intentions and behaviour. Four interactions with past behaviour were also investigated. UK college employees participated in this study (n = 200, Time 1; n = 146, Time 2). Moral norm, self-identity and past behaviour each explained additional variance in intentions, over and above the TPB variables. Past behaviour moderated the impact of descriptive norm on intentions. Intentions, self-identity and past behaviour were significant predictors of behaviour, as measured by a self-report physical activity questionnaire. To increase physical activity, interventions might target moral norm and selfidentity for physical activity. Focusing on positive descriptive norms might benefit sedentary individuals. The significant role of past behaviour is less useful in directing interventions.
Objectives: The purpose of this study was analysed differences between attitudes, subjective norms, and PBC between groups of individuals who do physical exercise and those who do not. Method: In order to investigate the different effects of attitudes, subjective norms, PBC on intention in both groups a structural equation modelling was employed. 886 subjects completed a questionnaire measuring the components of TPB model. The first group was formed by 332 people who did not practise and the second group was formed by 554 people who practised physical exercise. Results: Results confirmed differences between two groups of people in the prediction capacity of TPB model. In the first group, all variables explained 65% of the variance in intention. In the second group subjective norm and perceived behavioural control had a significant impact on intention and the three variables explained 67% of its variance. t Conclusions: Findings supported the important role of TPB in the context of p...
An Extended Model of Theory of Planned Behaviour in Predicting Exercise Intention
International Business Research, 2009
The main purpose of the present study was to propose and test an extended model with the addition of perceived need in predicting exercise participation, drawing upon the theory of planned behaviour. Cross-sectional data was collected via self-administered surveys from general adults sample (n = 217). The instrument was first validated using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis to test for unidimensionality, convergent and discriminant validity. Model and hypotheses testing were performed using structural equation modelling (SEM). The extended model accounted for a substantial portion of the variance in exercise intention (R 2 = 0.798). Specific findings revealed that: (1) all predictors were significantly correlated with exercise intention; (2) attitude components, perceived control, and perceived need predicted exercise intention; (3) instrumental attitude emerged as the strongest predictor of intention. This study has important implications for marketing practitioners, consumer researchers, and public policy makers interested in the determinants of exercise participation.
Psychology & Health, 2005
Although some people may develop an intention to change their health behaviour, they might not take any action. This discrepancy has been labelled the "intention-behaviour gap." Detailed action planning, perceived self-efficacy, and self-regulatory strategies (action control) may mediate between intentions and behaviour. This was examined in a longitudinal sample of 307 cardiac rehabilitation patients who were encouraged to adopt or maintain regular exercise. At the first time point, the predictors of intention and intention itself were assessed. Two months and four months later, the mediators and outcomes were measured. Results confirmed that all the three factors (planning, maintenance self-efficacy, and action control) served to mediate between earlier exercise intentions and later physical activity, each of them making a unique contribution. The results have implications for research on the "intention-behaviour gap," and indicate that planning, maintenance self-efficacy and action control may be important volitional variables.
International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology
This study tested the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) in conjunction with two sets of variables from the Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) and the Subjective Exercise Experience Scale (SEE) to predict exercise behavior. This study included 454 participants who exercised in a fitness center. We collected measures of the TPB (attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and intention), HAPA (planning), and SEE (positive wellbeing, psychological distress, and fatigue) and assessed exercise behavior at a three-month follow-up. Structural equation modeling found partial support for the TPB model (explaining 10% of the variance in exercise behavior) and adequate fit indices for an adjusted model of the TPB that includes a positive well-being dimension (explaining 11% of the variance in exercise behavior). In sum, the original TPB partially predicts exercise behavior; when considered together with other predictors, limited evidence was found for its utility in explaining exercise behavior.
2011
Health education interventions can be tailored toward stages of change. This strategy is based on theories that predict at which stage which variables are indicative of subsequent behavior change processes. For example, planning is regarded as being effective in intenders. However, rather few studies have tested whether matched interventions are more successful for stage transitions than mismatched ones. Also very few previous studies have identified specific variables as targets of stage-matched interventions. A 2 (condition) × 2 (stages) experimental study tested the effects of stage-matched interventions for 226 participants. The stagematched intervention moved significantly more individuals forward to action than did the control condition. Stage-specific effects were found to corroborate 78% of the assumptions. Multiple mediator analyses revealed stage-specific mechanisms, indicating that intention and planning facilitated behavior change in intenders. Thus, health behavior interventions should take stages of change into account.
Standard theory of planned behavior (TPB) questions to elicit salient behavioral beliefs may elicit instrumental consequences of behavior, and overlook affective consequences. Two hundred thirteen English adults (35 to 75 years of age) completed a questionnaire that contained closed measures of TPB constructs, and open-ended questions that asked not only about advantages and disadvantages, but also what respondents would like or enjoy and dislike or hate about being more physically active. Beliefs elicited by affective questions were associated more strongly with a closed affective attitude scale. Beliefs elicited by instrumental questions were associated more strongly with a closed instrumental attitude scale. Closed measures of the standard TPB variables explained 48% of the variance in intention to increase physical activity, while affective attitude explained an additional 11% of the variance. Applications of the TPB should consider affective and not just instrumental determinants of behavior.
International journal of pediatrics, 2010
Given the high prevalence of overweight and low levels of physical activity among children, a better understanding of physical activity behaviour is an important step in intervention planning. This study, based on the theory of planned behaviour, was conducted among 313 fifth graders and their parents. Children completed a computer-based questionnaire to evaluate theoretical constructs and behaviour. Additional information was obtained from parents by means of a questionnaire. Correlates of children's physical activity were intention and self-identity. Determinants of intention were self-efficacy, self-identity, and attitude. Parental variables were mediated through cognitions. Among girls, practicing sedentary activities was an additional negative determinant of intention. Key beliefs of boys and girls were related to time management and difficulties associated with physical activity. For girls, social identification as an active girl was another important belief related to pos...