Nano-ink Drops’ Behavior on the Polymeric Substrates’ Surfaces (original) (raw)
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IEEE Transactions on Components, Packaging and Manufacturing Technology, 2012
Different types of the commercial surface treatment InkAid have been evaluated as a surface treatment to enhance print quality of silver nano-particle ink structures printed on polyimide and polyethene substrates. Originally these coatings were designed to be applied on substrates for graphical ink jet printing. On the coated polyimide and polyethene substrates lines of different widths have been printed using a Dimatix materials printer together with silver nano-particle ink manufactured by Advanced Nano-Products. The prints have then been evaluated in terms of print quality and resistivity before and after sintering. The results show that the application of these coatings can improve the print quality considerably, making it possible to print lines with a good definition, which is not otherwise possible with this type of ink on this substrate types. It has been found that the semi-gloss coating provides the best results, both in terms of print quality as well as the lowest resistivity. The resistivity on polyethene is 3.5 × 10 −7 m at best when sintered at 150°C and for polyimide 8.9×10 −8 m sintered at 200°C. This corresponds to a conductivity of about 4.5% and 18% of bulk silver, respectively. It can be concluded that applying such polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)based coatings to polyethene and polyimide will increase the print quality quite substantially, making it possible to print patterns with requirements of smaller line widths and more details than what is possible without coating.
The influence of paper coating content on room temperature sintering of silver nanoparticle ink
Nanotechnology, 2013
The resistance of inkjet printed lines using a silver nanoparticle based ink can be very dependent on the substrate. A very large difference in resistivity was observed for tracks printed on paper substrates with aluminum oxide based coatings compared to silica based coatings. Silica based coatings are often cationized with polymers using chloride as a counter ion. It is suggested that the precipitation of silver salts is the cause of the high resistivity, since papers pretreated with salt solutions containing ions that precipitate silver salts gave a high resistance. Silver nitrate has a high solubility and paper pretreated with nitrate ions gave a low resistivity without sintering. The results obtained show that, by choosing the correct type of paper substrate, it is possible to manufacture printed structures, such as interconnects on paper, without the need for, or at least to reduce the need for, post-print sintering. This phenomenon is, of course, ink specific. Inks without or with a low silver ion content are not expected to behave in this manner. In some sensor applications, a high resistivity is desired and, by using the correct combination of ink and paper, these types of sensors can be facilitated.
Effect of Ink Formulation and Paper Surface Morphology on Ink-jet Printing Properties
Progress in Color, Colorants and Coatings, 2014
he purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of different type of alcohols and humectants in inks formulation, as well as the influence of paper surface morphology on the ink-jet printing properties. In order to investigate the influence of alcohol and humectant types on printing properties, the optimum ink containing C.I. Reactive Blue 21 (Ink2) was formulated with different type of alcohols and humectants. The results of optical density and water fastness evaluations indicated that, the prints depend more on paper surface morphology rather than the type of alcohols and humectants in ink formulation. Optimum optical density and good water fastness properties were obtained on glossy coated ink-jet printed papers comprising optimum-diameter nano-porosities in their coating layer. Prog.
Influence of nano‐coated pigment ink formulation on ink‐jet printability and printing accuracy
Coloration Technology, 2017
Pigment ink was formulated with nano‐coated pigment dispersion, prepared via mini‐emulsion polymerization. To study the effect of nano‐coated pigment, surfactant and humectant on ink‐jet printability, the trajectory of droplets with different pigment ink composition was monitored. The effect of ink formulation on the accuracy of printing process of the pigment ink was discussed by study on line width and edge contour of printed patterns. Experimental results indicated that the additives and properties of the pigment ink had a great influence on droplet formation and precise positioning of the printed patterns. The optimal composition for the pigment ink as following: nano‐coated pigment dispersion was 20% w/w, surfactant (S‐465) was 1.5% w/w, humectant (diethylene glycol) was 30% w/w and defoamer (FB‐50) was 0.1% w/w. The prepared pigment ink exhibited excellent freeze–thaw, thermal and centrifugal stability. In addition, the optimal formula was beneficial to form a stable droplet a...
Corona treatment is referred as a surface modification technique that is used to impart changes in the properties of a surface. It uses low temperature corona discharge plasma to impart the changes or to modify the specific surface. Here, an attempt has been made to improve or to check to spreading behavior of UV ink over an inkjet printed silver layer. Also, a comparison has also been made between a dot printed on a corona treated silver layer and an untreated silver layer. To measure the effect of corona treatment, single dots were printed on a corona treated and untreated silver layer and measured in both horizontal and vertical direction. The circumference of the printed dot (With corona treated silver layer) was found to be more influenced by this. Even, corona treatment increased the surface roughness of the silver layer when it was compared to the non treated silver surface.
2010
Silver nanoparticle inks are printed on nine papers as well as a polyimide film. Structure width and edge raggedness is evaluated on each substrate for both polar and non-polar ink. The substrates are characterized in terms of material content and various physical surface properties. The aim of this study is to establish relevant correlations between printed structure measurables and surface properties, in order to expand the understanding of the mechanisms involved in nanoparticle ink-paper surface interaction. A multivariate analysis is presented which reveals correlations between print performance and paper properties, as well as relations between different paper properties. The results suggest that besides surface energy considerations, absorption rate and surface roughness play important roles for achieving well behaved print structure definition in paper electronics applications.
Particle Inks for Inkjet Printing of Electronic Components
Proceedings NIP
Digital printing of electronic circuits includes the deposition of a variety of particles, which determine the electronic properties after sintering. In general, the particles are non-colloidal which means that sedimentation occurs. In getting sedimentation under control, a wide range of particles can be printed. In a first step, the sedimentation behavior of silver and glass particles is characterised in different organic solvents taking into account different sizes, shapes, densities and concentrations. The analysis of the sedimentation behavior is based on an optical method which allows for the detection of small concentration changes. In a second step, the particles are stabilised using commercial dispersants and the stability of the inks is evaluated. The influence of the particles on the viscosity is studied as well as the influence of the particles on the surface tension and wetting. Finally, chosen inks are printed on ceramic substrates by inkjet printing. After drying by evaporation and sintering, the shape and electrical properties of the electrical structures are analysed. The article discusses the design of functional particle inks, highlights properties and interactions and demonstrates the functionality of the designed inks by printing a capacitor.
MRS Proceedings, 2014
ABSTRACTSilver nanoparticle inks are increasingly applied for the manufacture of inkjet-printed electrically conductive patterns. In order to obtain high conductivity, the printed liquid patterns have to be functionalized by an appropriate post- treatment step. Modern post-treatment methods using e.g. microwaves, intense pulsed light or adopted infrared radiation, are nevertheless the basis of the thermal process. The thermal treatment e.g. in furnaces or on heating plates, is applicable for a great variety of inks and ensures an efficient sintering without major technical efforts. It has been studied intensively wherein the reports mainly focus on reduction of the resistivity by controlling the parameters of the thermal treatment. Our researches exceed these comparative studies by investigating multi-layered patterns, their manufacturing and post-treatment.Two silver nanoparticle inks were inkjet printed on a rigid and a flexible substrate. The geometry of the patterns was varied. ...
In this work, electrical conductivity and print pattern definition is studied for silver nanoparticle ink, printed on ten commercially available paper substrates. Interrelations and correlations between electrical conductivity, print pattern definition and a set of measured paper properties are analyzed with a multivariate statistical method. The papers are characterized in terms of absorption rate, porosity, apparent surface energy, surface roughness and surface material content. The statistical analysis shows that electrical conductivity and print pattern definition are correlated. Conductivity and print definition are correlated positively with absorption rate and negatively with surface roughness. A model based on projection to latent structures (PLS) is built from the measurement data, showing adequate values of model fit and predictive ability. This suggests that the chosen properties and methods for surface characterization are relevant in estimating overall performance of inkjet-printed conductors on paper. Additionally, a qualitative examination of the nanoparticle layer characteristic is conducted with SEM cross section microscopy. Some of the properties and mechanisms of importance to the conductivity of the printed conductors are highlighted, of which some are crucial for achieving conductivity. Physical characteristics of a suitable paper surface should ideally include large absorption capability for the ink carrier, but most importantly, a characteristic pore size and surface roughness amplitude that are both small compared to the dry ink layer thickness. If these criteria are met, paper media can be a low cost, comparably high performance alternative for metal nanoparticle inks in printed electronics applications.
Investigation of Printing Properties on Paper Substrate
Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 2018
In this article, the optimum printing parameters were found when using silver nanoparticle ink to print on Kodak 4-Star photo paper substrate. Fujifilm Dimatix 2831 was used as the inkjet printer. The printing parameters of interest included the number of printing layers, the drop spacing, and curing temperature of the ink. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) analysis of the experimental data reveals sintering temperature to be significant (p < 0.05) to improve the conductivity. Pattern conductivity and surface roughness were used to identify the optimum printing parameters. The optimum printing parameters were found to be 15 μm drop spacing, two printing layer, and a sintering temperature of 90 • C. The best conductivity measured under the above mentioned condition was found to be 5.56 × 10 6 −1 m −1. Further, the bending test indicated that the printed patterns were unaffected (in terms of conductivity) when flexed around a cylindrical support indicating excellent stability under stress. This study paves the way for developing mechanically robust flexible devices with excellent electrical properties for Internet of Things (IoT) applications.