Evaluation of plant extracts on infestation of root-knot nematode on tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill ) (original) (raw)
Related papers
Academia Journal of Agricultural Research, 2013
Root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, is the major limiting factor in tomato production in many regions of the world including Ethiopia. For its management, different plant species (botanicals) are being tried in different forms as an alternative to nematicides. The nematicidal potential of baker tree (Milletiaferruginea), bitter leaf (Vernonia amygodalina), parthenium (Parthenium hysterophorus), lantana (Lantana camara), Mexican marigold (Tagetes minuta), Mexican tea (Chenopodium ambrosioides), neem (Azadirachta indica) and pyrethrum (Chrysanthemum cinerariafolium) was assessedagainst M. incognitaon tomato under laboratory and pot house. Aqueous extracts of the botanicals (20 g/100 ml w/v) were evaluated at 1, 3 and 5% concentrations in the laboratory; and at 3 and 5% concentrations in pot-house. The majority of extracts caused high degree of reduction in juveniles hatching in the laboratory, especially @ 5% concentration. Mexican marigold leaf, bitter leaf, lantana leaf and baker tree seeds were the most efficacious (above 95% hatching inhibition). In pot house, application of botanicals was found to reduce the formation of galls, number of eggs/egg-mass and final nematode population density in the soil and increased plant height of tomato.Thus, Lantana and Mexican marigold appeared to be promising botanicals. However, further research is needed to evaluate their efficacy under field condition.
The Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Nematicidal efficacy of five botanicals, viz. turmeric (Curcuma longa), marwatulsi (Origanum majorana), mentha (Mentha arvensis), aonla (Phyllanthus emblica) and jatropha (Jatropha curcas) was evaluated under in vitro and in vivo conditions for their larvicidal properties against the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita in tomato during 2014–16 at Department of Nematology, CCSHAU, Hisar. Methanolic and hexane extracts of turmeric (Rhizome) showed varying degrees of lethality to M. incognita at different concentrations under in vitro conditions. Per cent larval mortality and inhibition of egg hatching were found to be directly proportional to the concentration of extracts and exposure period. In in vivo experiments, growth parameters and nematode reproduction factors (number of galls/ plant, number of egg masses/plant and final nematode population in soil) were evaluated post-treatment with chopped leaves of botanicals. The study showed that the treatment improved plant growth...
2016
The experiment was conducted at farmer’s field during 2014 and 2015. Tomato seedlings raised in naturally infested nursery. Seedlings were lifted after 45 days of sowing and root-dip treatments were given by different plant extracts viz., Neem (Azadirachta indica), Jatropha (Jatropha curcas) and Aak (Calotropis gigantea) of 20 and 30 per cent concentrations and chemical viz., Imidacloprid of 2 and 3 per cent concentration exposure period was 4 hours. 30 % botanical extract of Neem (A. indica) and 3 % Imidacloprid was found effective. Reduced final nematode population (14183, 13072 and 13628) and increased tomato yield (237.50, 251.04 and 244.27 q/ha) in rest of the treatments in 2014, 2015 and pooled as compared to control. Individually Neem (A. indica) botanical extract was better over other botanicals dip to register lowest RKI at harvest (3.20, 3.01 and 3.10), reduced final nematode population (14163, 11852 and 13008) and yield was recorded maximum (237.50, 250.00 and 243.75 q/ha...
2014
Seedlings of the hybrid tomato cultivar (cv.) “Roma king” grown in a sandy -loam soil were inoculated with 500 eggs of root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne incognita on nursery bed with temperature of 26+20C. Flowering, number of leaf, plant height and fruit yield were significantly reduced (p<0.05) in comparison with the treated experiment on the plots. About a 100% loss occurred on number of leaf, fruit and fruit weight; unhealthy plants root galling also increased. The tomato seedlings were then transplanted on m2 plots and ethanol extracts from four (4) plant species: Azadirachta indica leaf, Capsicum annuum fruit, Zingiber officinale rhizome and Parkia biglobosa seed were applied and tested for nematicidal activity at four levels of 250, 500, 750 and 1,000 ppm concentrations, applying 5ml per tomato stand. At 1,000ppm concentrations the extracts applied completely (100%) prevented root-knot juveniles with regular and corresponding increase in the tomato plants over the control t...
Pots experiment of tomato plants was conducted in Directorate of Diyala Agriculture, plant pathology Lab during 2016 , nematicidal activities of aqueous extracts from plants viz., Garlic, Ginger , Castor bean , Nerium and Eucalyptus were assayed against root knot nematode Meloidogyne sp. The results showed that nematicide (Oxymethoed LS) and Castor bean recorded maximum shoot weight of plants (10.6 and 9.0 g) respectively while root weight was increased in treatments of Oxymethoed and ginger (2.45 and 1.5 g) respectively after control treatment (l7.53 g) whereas Oxymethoed and Nerium reduced number of juveniles/pot (0.0,80) respectively.
Advances in Crop Science and Technology, 2015
Root-knot nematode disease caused by Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) Chit wood) is one of the major constraints for successful cultivation of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) in Ethiopia. Hence, the present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of leaf and seed extracts of four botanicals viz., Rape seed (Brassica napus L.), Lantana (Lantana camara L.), African marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) and Neem (Azadirachta indica L.) at 5% and 10% concentrations and T. harzianum at 5% plus control were tested on root-knot nematode under in vitro and also to evaluate their against root-knot nematode development and their role on plant growth parameters of tomato under in vivo condition. Plant extracts were more effective and significantly inhibited egg hatching and immobilizing the J 2 larval mortality of M. incognita than T. harzianum. Aqueous extract of all the tested plants inhibited egg hatching of nematode and resulted 84.67-100% mortality of the J 2 juveniles of M. incognita in vitro at the 10% concentration after 72 h of exposure time. There were no significant differences among the treatments of rape seed leaf (84.7%) at 10% concentration and Lantana camara (87%), African marigold (86.3%) and Neem leaf (85%) at 5% concentration after 72 h. Aqueous seed extracts of A. indica more significantly inhibited egg hatching and larva mortality of the J 2 of M. incognita in vitro at the 10% concentration and immobilized by 89, 93 and 100% after 24, 48 and 72 h of exposures, respectively, while at similar concentration of T. erecta, B. napus and L. camara leaf extracts exhibited 92, 89 and 93.2% inhibition of egg hatching and 75, 62.1 and 73% larval mortality, respectively. The effect of different botanicals and T. harzianum singly and in combination were studied for the management of tomato root-knot nematode under greenhouse condition. There was a significant difference in the reduction of root-knot nematode incidence, root-knot nematode population, nematode reproduction rate (NRR), number of galls and egg masses per plant were recorded. In pot culture condition, the application of leaf extract of individual plant in the presence of the nematode significantly enhanced the growth of tomato seedlings in comparison to the control. A significant increase in plant height, shoot weight and root weight of the seedlings were observed at the 10% concentration of leaf extracts in comparison to control. There was a significant difference in the reduction of root-knot nematode population, nematode reduction rate, number of galls and egg masses per plant of L. camara combined with T. harzianum. The mean fruit weight and total yield were observed highest in the combination treatment of L. camara combined with T. harzianum. This study results revealed that the test plants are readily available to farmers at no cost and able to reduce nematode population below economic threshold.
Journal article
Marigold ((Tagetes patula), crotalaria (Crotalaria juncia), rapeseed plant (Brassica rapa) and oat(Avena sativa) as antagonistic plant and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum), CL1104 variety as control, were evaluated to determine the effect on southern root knot nematode population in pot experiment at Tsukuba, Japan in year 2010. Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications was used. Initial juvenile population was 30.0 ±2.8 per 20g soil. The juvenile nematode population was counted 63 days after transplanting and biomass of plants was incorporated in soil. Population was again counted 11 days and 13 day after biomass incorporation. At final count of Juvenile nematode population, it was found highest in tomato (66.6 /20g soil). Highest control was achieved in marigold (2.3 juvenile/20g soil) followed by crotalaria (3.0 juvenile/20g soil). Marigold and crotalaria followed by oat in rotation with tomato were observed as best antagonist plants to control Southern root knot nematode.
Eco-friendly methods and strategies for nematode management have been recommended due to their non hazardous impact on environment. In this current study, experiment was conducted to control Meloidogyne incognita in tomato cv. 'K25' by using organic amendment as dip or soil-additive. The root-dip treatment of Justicia adhatoda L. inhibited larval penetration in roots of tomato more than the root-dip of Lantana camara L. The standard concentration (s) proved to be more effective as compared to diluted concentrations. In another treatment, mixing organic residue of both test plants with soil at 0.5, 1.0 and 3.0% (w / w) 5 days prior to tomato transplanting, improved plant growth response and reduced root-knot development in roots at a 6 and 12% moisture levels. The 3% (w / w) of residue mix of J. adhatoda L. had phytotoxic effects on tomato. The 3% (w / w) of organic residue dosage of J. adhatoda L. at 12% moisture level caused minimum root-knot development in the roots of tomato. Therefore, the availability of these plant materials in tropical and subtropical regions of the world, especially developing countries will provide an economic and feasible means of controlling nematodes in vegetable crops.
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics, 2001
.\/eloidogyne incognita eggs were exposed to rOOI extracts of Melia azadirach Linn Dharek), Azadirachta indica A. Jass (Neem), Ricinus communis Linn (Castor) and DaTura alba Linn (Datura). tandard root extracts of Neem and Dharek exhibited 100% inhibition of egg hatching and larva l mortality . Egg inhibition and larval mortality d<,creased with an increase in the di lution of the extracts. imilarly with an increase in exposure time, juvenile mortality was also increased.