Quantification, by image analysis, of effect of operational conditions on size and shape of precipitated barium sulphate (original) (raw)
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Chemical Engineering Science, 2001
has been studied in a vessel of &8 l stirred by a Rushton turbine. Either BaCl or Na SO as a limiting reactant of concentration 0.1 M was added to the tank containing the opposite component at a concentration from 0.0018 to 0.027 M, thereby giving total molar ratios from 1/15 to 1 or 1 to 15/1, respectively. The results were generally not symmetrical. Molar ratios closest to 1 with BaCl as the feed gave the largest d ( &20}30 m) whilst for Na SO feed, the mean size d was &10}15 m. At the ratios 1/15 (BaCl feed) and 15/1 (Na SO feed), the mean sizes were much smaller and very similar ( &3}5 m). In all cases, the CoV was &0.4 }&0.5. The impact of agitation speed was generally rather small. It is suggested that varying ionic ratios might be an e!ective and rather simple way of achieving a degree of particle size control.
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IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering
The scale of barium sulphate (BaSO 4) is common scale for mineral deposit that found in the offshore oil and gas exploitation. This scale is related with precipitation and grown of mineral deposit on the pipelines surface. Therefore, it results in blockage at the pipe. This paper presents the experimental scaling of barium sulphate in the laminar flow. The barium sulphate solution was prepared by mixing an equimolar solution of barium chloride (BaCl 2) and sodium sulphate (Na 2 SO 4). The flow rate is 40 ml/min at temperature of 50 °C. The solutions added by citric acid (C 6 H 8 O 7) with variation concentration of 0 ppm, 5 ppm, and 10 ppm. The crystallization of barium sulphate was measured by using the conductivity meters. The barite crytals were dried and characterized by using SEM/EDX and XRD. The SEM Results show that the morphology of Barite scale was change in the presence of citric acid. The mineral of barium sulphate was pure barite based on the XRD phase analysis. The presence of citric acid clearly inhibit the crystallization of barium sulphate.