SİYASET, EKONOMİ ve YÖNETİM ARAŞTIRMALARI DERGİSİ RESEARCH JOURNAL OF POLITICS, ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT Human Capital and Economic Growth: Bounds and Causality Analysis for Turkey (original) (raw)
Related papers
A Driving Force of Economic Growth in Turkey: Human Capital
Athens Journal of Mediterranean Studies, 2015
One of the main concerns of developing countries is seeking sources of economic growth. A controversial debate on studies in recent decades focuses on the real basis of economic growth. It seems that physical capital accumulation does not provide a sufficient explanation as a capital factor in the process of economic growth. There are some indicators that illustrate a countries' human capital. The most important one among them is education performance, which is considered a pushing factor of economic growth. Education performance can be seen as an indicator of human capital. In this study, Turkey's education expenditure and gross domestic product (GDP) are investigated between the period of 1970-2013 via the co-integration structure. Results show that education expenditure and GDP are co-integrated in the long-run. The series prove a strong relationship between the GDP and education expenditures.
The Relationship between Human Capital and Economic Growthin Turkey
2016
Human capital are not only the engine of economic growth but also increase the global competitiveness for countries. Improving labor quality helps countries improve long-term economic efficiency. This article uses annual data in the period 1990-2017 in Vietnam, which attempts to explore the relationship between total capital formation, the labor quantity, education levels and life expectancy with economic growth. By using OLS regression, the analysis results shown that the gross capital formation, the labor quantity, education levels and life expectancy are positive and have a significant impact on GDP in Vietnam. Furthermore, the Granger causality test indicates that there is a two-way causal relationship between labor and economic growth (GDP) in Vietnam.
The Impact Of Education On Economic Growth In Turkey
DergiPark (Istanbul University), 2010
This paper aims to investigate the relationship between per capita school enrolments and per capita economic growth in Turkey over the period 1923-2007. Using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach to cointegration, we find evidence of long-run cointegrating relationships between school enrolments and real income. There is evidence of bidirectional long-run Granger causality between real income and school enrolments. There is a uni-directional short-run Granger causality running from enrolments in secondary, high, and technical high schools to real income. The results also suggest that high school enrolments Granger-cause higher education enrolments in the short run. The variance decomposition and impulse response analyses confirm the results of Granger causality tests. Overall, the results indicate that education is a means of long-run economic growth in Turkey and vice versa.
Does Education Affect Economic Growth in Turkey? A Causality Analysis
This study attempts to examine empirically the relations between economic growth and education for Turkey in the period from 1950 through 2012 by using Standard Granger causality, Hsiao version of Granger causality and Dolado-Lütkepohl VAR causality analyses. Econometric findings imply that there is one-way (positive) causality from the economic growth to the number of students completing university and one-way (positive) causality from the number of students completing vocational high school and the number of students completing high school to the economic growth.
The Role of Human Capital in Economic Growth
In endogenous growth theories, with the endogeneity of technology and its inclusion into the model, the new technologies produced by individuals equipped with knowledge, skills, and experience by using this technology were regarded as the human capital investments of countries. Later, the effects of human capital on economic growth became a significant topic in the empirical literature. In this study, initially the basic approaches to human capital were theoretically investigated. Then, the relationships between human capital and economic growth were analyzed with cointegration and causality tests by using the data of Turkey for the period 1961-2011. Our findings revealed a dual causality relationship between human capital and economic growth variables.
Recently, studies about the effects of higher education on economic growth in developing countries are taking more attention. In this paper, long-run and causal relationships between higher education and economic growth in Turkish economy over 1970–2008 period were analy-sed. For this purpose, two higher education indicators were regressed over real GDP using ARDL (Autoregressive Distributed Lag) bounds testing approach and the causality between these variab-les was investigated by Dolado and Lütkepohl’s style Granger causality test. Results showed that, higher education is cointegrated to economic growth and either higher education or economic growth has significant causal effects on each other.
Education, Human Capital Inequality and Economic Growth: Evidence from Turkey
2010
Recent studies consider the unequal dispersion of human capital as a possible explanation for regional and cross-country variations in output growth. An unequal dispersion of human capital is expected to affect growth negatively through its negative effect on human capital accumulation and on the efficient allocation of resources. The paper focuses on the relationship between human capital inequalities and economic growth for the provinces of Turkey in the period 1975-2000. Education inequality turns out to be an important factor explaining variations in output growth and there is evidence that this effect occurs mainly through the inefficiency channel.
Journal of Quality Managment, 2017
Growth theories state that human capital development contributes positively to economic growth. More, the human capital theory postulates that cost of getting education is low but yield high returns in the future. Increase in level of skills and knowledge improves the overall productivity and considered as engine of knowledge in the new economy. The objective of present analysis is to conduct a quantitative analysis to investigate human capital and economic growth in the long run and short run for Pakistan economy. A data set of annual frequency is utilized to explore the time series properties of data and estimating the elasticities of the model. Application of Augmented Dicky Fuller (ADF) unit root test showed that variables included in empirical analysis are integrated of different order hence provide a rationale to apply methodology of Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL). Findings suggest positive and insignificant impact of education expenditures on economic growth indicator. Here the quality of school education appears, as the Pakistan being a developing economy has not been very much successful in raising the standards of school education. While health expenditures again, in case of Pakistan have positive but insignificant impact on economic growth. The quantity as well quality of both these expenditures is an important determinant to uplift the long run performance.
Human capital and productivity growth: A comparative analysis of Turkey
2006
This paper analyzes the role of human capital in pr oductivity growth for a panel of around 50 countries from different l evels of development, including Turkey. We particularly focus on the rele vance of different quantitative measures of human capital in explainin g productivity growth and a detailed examination of the case of the Turki sh economy. The analysis covers the period 1981-2002 and the averag e years of education of the labor force and schooling rates for differen t ducation levels are proxy variables used for human capital. The initial year productivity level, physical investment, foreign direct investment, exp ort intensity and the share of agricultural employment in total employmen t are other * The views expressed in this study are the sole re sponsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the Banking Regulation and Supervision Agency, the State Planning Organization and the Turkish Industrialist s’ and Businessmen’s Association. We would like t...
Education, Human Capital, and Endogenous Growth Nexus: Time Series Evidence from Pakistan
Review of Education, Administration & Law
The concept of endogenous growth states that economic growth is caused by variables within the economy rather than external ones. This study's major goal is to demonstrate the link between education, human capital, and endogenous growth in Pakistan. For the period 1990–2021, time series data is used. The stationary is confirmed using the augmented dickey fuller (ADF) method. In this research, the non linear autoregressive distributed lag model (NARDL) technique is employed for the empirical analysis. Gross domestic product (GDP), education enrolment, human capital, inflation, trade, and gross fixed capital formation are the factors examined in this study. In the current research, gross domestic product, education enrollment, and human capital are dependent variables, while inflation, trade, gross fixed capital formation and education enrollment are independent variables. Inflation shows an inverse relationship with the gross domestic product, while trade and education enrollment...