Analysis of Diabetes Mellitus Determinants in Indonesia: A Study from the Indonesian Basic Health Research 2013 (original) (raw)
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Analysis of Diabetes Mellitus Determinants in Indonesia
Background: diabetes mellitus is a silent-killer. Its prevalence and impact on health expenses increase from year to year. This study aims to investigate the characteristics and the risk factors that affect diabetes mellitus in Indonesia. Methods: this is a cross sectional study. Data were obtained from the Basic Health Research (RISKESDAS) in 2013. The samples were individuals aged ≥15 years, whose fasting blood glucose and 2 hours blood glucose after the imposition have been measured. 38.052 individuals were selected for this study. The variables of age, sex, marital status, level of education, employment status, living area, regional status, hypertension, obesity, smoking habit, and dyslipidemia are analyzed as risk factors for diabetes mellitus. Bivariate analysis was using chi-square test with significance level of p<0.05 and confidence interval (CI) of 95%, and multivariate analysis using multiple logistic regression test. Results: our study showed that 13% have diabetes mellitus in 2013. Factors affecting diabetes mellitus were age>55 years (OR=5.10; 95%CI 4.42 to 5.89; p<0.001), female (OR=1.37; 95%CI 1.26 to 1.49; p<0.001), rural (OR=1.16; 95%CI 1.08 to 1.26; p<0.001), married (OR=1.31; 95%CI 1.07 to 1.58; p<0.05), unemployed (OR=1.14; 96%CI 1.05 to 1.23; p<0.05), obesity (OR=1.46; 95%CI 1.35 to 1.58; p<0.001), hypertension (OR=1.68; 95%CI 1.55 to 1.81; p<0.001) and dyslipidemia (OR=1.53; 95%CI 1.39- 1.68; P<0.001). Conclusion: as many as 13% of individuals have diabetes mellitus in 2013. Age, gender, living area, employment status, obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia are the contributing factors to diabetes mellitus. Keywords: diabetes mellitus, determinant factors, blood glucose
Determinants of Diabetes Mellitus Prevalence in Indonesia
KEMAS: Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat, 2022
The number of people with diabetes mellitus (DM) worldwide continues to increase. In 2019, Indonesia was the seventh country with the largest number of people with DM worldwide. The people with DM in Indonesia were dominated by the productive age population. This study aims to determine the variables affecting the prevalence of DM in Indonesia in 2018. The analysis unit used is 34 provinces in Indonesia, where the data comes from the Health Ministry of the Republic of Indonesia and Statistics Indonesia. Graph analysis and multiple linear regression are the methods used in this study. DKI Jakarta has the highest DM prevalence in Indonesia, reaching 3.4 percent. The prevalences of obesity and hypertension have a positive effect on the prevalence of DM. The result shows that every one percent increase in the prevalence of obesity will increase the prevalence of DM by 0.049 percent. While, every one percent increase will increase the prevalence of DM by 0.168 percent. The percentage of the population smoking, not exercising, the unemployment rate, and the average length of schooling does not affect the prevalence of DM in Indonesia.
Disease Prevention and Public Health Journal, 2021
Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a disease of excessive blood sugar levels. Data from the Indonesian Ministry of Health shows that several DM survivors have had DM for over 15 years reached 19.98 million or 10.9% of the Indonesian population in 2019 with population data according to the Central Bureau of Statistics Republic of Indonesia. This research aimed to determine factors affecting DM in Indonesia. Method: This was a study with a cross-sectional design. The data used in this study came from the fifth wave of the Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS). A total of 34,257 individuals aged 14 or over as samples. The dependent variable was diabetes mellitus, while independent variables were obesity, hypertension, quality of sleep, and socio-economic factors. The data measurement was performed by logistic regression. Results: The research found that obesity, hypertension, and poor sleep quality will increase the risk of DM and also the risk will increase due to socio-economic fa...
2021
Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is a non-communicable disease that constitutes a huge health burden, with the presence of comorbidities of DM adding to it. This study aimed to obtain the main determinants of the combined incidence of DM and its main comorbidities in adults. Methods This was a further analysis of the Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factor Cohort Study 2011 – 2018 involving 3730 subjects. Data of diabetes-free respondents at baseline were followed up every 2 years for 6 years. Data collection was carried out through interviews and health examinations. All subjects were assayed for blood glucose and lipid parameters. Chi-square test and Cox regression were implemented for data analysis. Results During 6 years of follow-up, DM incidence occurred in 567 (15.2%) subjects. The most common comorbidities were increased low density lipoprotein (LDL), central obesity, increased total cholesterol, obesity and hypertension. Most of the comorbidities occurred before the di...
Prevalence and predictors of undiagnosed diabetes mellitus in Indonesia
Acta medica Indonesiana, 2010
To find the prevalence and prediction factors of undiagnosed diabetes mellitus in an Indonesian adult population. By recognizing the prediction factors, we can make epidemiological modeling and scoring system of undiagnosed diabetes mellitus in Indonesia which can be used as a screening tool in primary health care and health care with minimal diagnostic facility. Cross-sectional design was conducted on subjects from National Health Survey, Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia 2007. Research population was upper than 18th years old. Diabetes mellitus was diagnosed by oral glucose tolerance test based on WHO 1999 standard which has been adapted by Indonesian Society for Endocrinologist. Subjects were categorized undiagnosed if they were newly diagnosed from the survey. From 24417 subjects who undergo oral glucose tolerance test, we choose 20249 subjects who have complete data on important variables. After eliminating subjects bellow 18 years old, we have 18956 subjects included in...
Prevalence and clinical profile of diabetes mellitus in productive aged urban Indonesians
Journal of Diabetes Investigation, 2013
Aims/Introduction: To estimate the prevalence and clinical profile of diabetes mellitus in productive aged urban Indonesians based on the National Basic Health Research 2007. Materials and Methods: The statistical analyses of a cross-sectional survey included the data of 15,332 adults, aged 18-55 years, living in an urban area. Blood glucose was measured by an automatic clinical chemistry analyzer by 2-h, 75-g post glucose load after an overnight fast. Weight, height, waist circumference and blood pressure data were measured and recorded, whereas the sociodemographic and prior illness data were collected by interviewing the participants. Results: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus in productive age urban Indonesians was 4.6%, consisting of 1.1% previously diagnosed diabetes mellitus and 3.5% undiagnosed diabetes mellitus. Diabetes mellitus affected more women than men, which increased with age, was higher among the high socioeconomic group and increased with increasing body mass index. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus was higher in centrally obese people. Hypertension was highly related with diabetes mellitus occurrence. The prevalence of previously diagnosed diabetes mellitus with overweight or obese was 68.4%, with central obesity 41.7%, with hypertension 41.4% and with dyslipidemia more than 50%. The prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes respondents with overweight or obese was 68,7%, with central obesity 43.8%, with hypertension 49.4% and with dyslipidemia more than 50%. Conclusions: These results show that comprehensive strategies for the prevention and control of the problem of diabetes are urgently required. (J Diabetes Invest,
Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia, 2021
Background: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus is increasing globally and remains debated. Objective: This study examines the association of socioeconomic status with the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Indonesia. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design. Data obtained from the 2014 Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS), a nationally representative population survey data, which polled 30,497 individuals age 16 years and over in 13 provinces in Indonesia. Logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the prevalence of diabetes mellitus with socioeconomic status. Results: Education level, employment status, age, and hypertension are related to the prevalence of diabetes mellitus. According to educational level, individuals with lower education level were more likely to have diabetes mellitus than those who had a higher level of education (OR=1.42; 95% CI: 1.21-1.67), higher risk was also found in those who were unemp...
Journal of Obesity, 2022
Uncontrolled prediabetes can develop into Type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Te incidence of T2DM among adults in Pontianak, Indonesia was reported remarkably high. Terefore, this study aimed to investigate the risk factors for prediabetes in adults living in urban areas of Pontianak, Indonesia. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 5 subdistricts of Pontianak. A total of 506 adults underwent screening to obtain subjects with fasting blood glucose (FBS) of ≤124 mg/dL and aged >30 years. Blood pressure and body mass index (BMI) were measured. Interview using a structured questionnaire were performed to obtain data on predictor variables (age, sex, education, income, health insurance, tobacco use, history of hypertension, gout, high cholesterol level, frequency of exercise per week, and diabetic education). Te prevalence of prediabetes among subjects was signifcantly high (76.4%). Subjects were predominantly above 40 years, female, had low income, low education level, and had health insurance. About a third of the subjects had a history of hypertension, gout, and high cholesterol level, respectively. Te exercise frequency was mostly less than 3 times/week, and the BMI was mainly classifed as overweight and obese. Te result of spearman's rho correlation showed that age (r � 0.146; p � 0.022) and BMI (r � 0.130; p � 0.041) signifcantly correlated with prediabetes incidence. Moreover, the chi-square analysis demonstrated that health insurance ownership (OR � 4.473; 95% CI 1.824-10.972; p ≤ 0.001), history of hypertension (OR � 3.096; 95% CI 1.542-6.218; p � 0.001), and history of gout (OR � 2.419; 95% CI 1.148-5.099; p � 0.018), were associated with prediabetes incidence. For all these signifcant risk predictors except BMI, the signifcant associations were found only among female subjects after specifc sex analysis. Moreover, multivariate logistic regression showed that health insurance ownerships (OR � 5.956; 95% CI 2.256-15.661; p ≤ 0.001) and history of hypertension (OR � 3.257; 95% CI 1.451-7.311; p � 0.004), and systolic blood pressure (OR � 2.141; 95% CI 1.092-4.196; p � 0.027) were the risk factors for prediabetes. It is concluded that the prevalence of prediabetes is probably high especially among urban people in Pontianak, Indonesia. Health insurance ownership and hypertension may have an important role in prediabetes management. Te risk factors might be diferent between male and female.
Scientific reports, 2024
Diabetes Mellitus is one of the biggest health problems in Indonesia but the research on the disease's projection is still limited. This study aimed to make a projection model of prevalence and mortality of diabetes in Indonesia based on risk factors and NCD programs. The study was a quantitative nonexperimental study through multiple linear regression models and system dynamics. The baseline projection was created by 2018 data and projections until 2045 involved the dynamization of risk factors and programs, population, and case fatality rate. The model was created from 205 districts data. This study used secondary data from Basic Health Research, BPJS Kesehatan, NCD programs, and Ministry of Health. The prevalence of diabetes in Indonesia is estimated to increase from 9.19% in 2020 (18.69 million cases) to 16.09% in 2045 (40.7 million cases). The prevalence will be lower to 15.68% (39.6 million) if interventions of programs were carried out, and to 9.22% (23.2 million) if the programs were added with prevention of risk factors. The projected number of deaths due to diabetes increases from 433,752 in 2020 to 944,468 in 2045. Deaths due to stroke among diabetes increases from 52,397 to 114,092 in the same period. Deaths from IHD among diabetes increase from 35,351 to 76,974, and deaths from chronic kidney disease among diabetes increase from 29,061 to 63,279. Diabetes prevalence and mortality in Indonesia rise significantly in Indonesia and can be reduced by intervention of several programs and risk factors. This study findings could be source of planning and evaluation of Diabetes prevention and control program at national and provincial level in the future related to risk factors control and program development.