The Five Divine Presences: From Al-Q??W? To Al-Qay Ar? (original) (raw)
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One of the fundamental problems of theoretical mysticism is how to explain the difference between God and the world on the basis of the idea of wahdat al-wujud (the unity of existence). Following the explanation of certain necessary premises, this paper presents the theory of divine manifestation as one that can explain and analyze multiplicity. 2 In this article we especially seek to solidify the relation of such claims to mystics in general and to the adherents of Ibn 'Arabi's school of thought in particular. This is especially important because, in some of the works of many specialists in this field, we find that some unrealistic claims have been attributed to Ibn 'Arabi. The only way to counteract such false claims, in any field, including theoretical mysticism, is to make it binding upon ourselves to delve into the views of others in a cautious way. We must not take the apparent meanings of the sayings of the mystics as a proof in this matter. Therefore, the research methodology of the writer of this article is to relate the sayings of Ibn 'Arabi and his commentators, while simultaneously commenting upon and analyzing them as well.
Advances in Urban Regional Development and Planning(AURDP), 2024
The idea of "Insān Kāmil" and defining its characteristics and explaining its examples is one of the long-term categories in Islamic mysticism. This idea has been proposed in the mystical system of Ayn al-Quzat and Ibn Arabi, to belong to two different traditions, with common and sometimes distinct characteristics. The present study aims to explain the common and different aspects of the concept of "perfect man" in the mystical views of Ayn al-Quzat and Ibn Arabi by using a analytic-comparative method. The result of the research indicates that belief in elements such as perfect human's being the mirror; the right to be a creature, mediation between right and creation, and having the position of the vicegerent of God are common to the mystical worldview of Ayn al-Quzat and Ibn Arabi in defining "perfect man". Among the differences between their views on the subject of "perfect man" are: A) In Ibn Arabi's mysticism, "Insān Kāmil" is the manifestation of the great name "Allah", endowed God-given with the divine and ancient truths, and as a result, the root of "fascinated mystic" in terminology called Sufi, but in the views of Ayn al-Quzat, this concept is defined along with "I am like you" and it can be interpreted as "fascinated mystic". B) In the mystical system of Ayn al-Quzat, Prophet Mohammad (PBUH) is introduced as the true criterion of "perfect man", while in Ibn Arabi's school, the concept of "perfect man" is synonymous with Muhammadan truth or Muhammadan word and light, in which each of the prophets is a manifestation of They are its manifestations. C) The theory of "perfect man" has an epistemological aspect in Ayn al-Quzat's mysticism, but in Ibn Arabi's worldview, this concept is used to reconcile the existential and epistemological fields. D) In the ontology of Ayn al-Quzat, "the perfect man" is the manifestation of the name of beauty, and in the school of Ibn Arabi, it has a comprehensive appearance of both aesthetic and glorious aspects.
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Brill, 2020
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The discussion of The Fixed Entities, A'yān ath Thābita, is one of the most important topics in mysticism. This study is an effort to delve into this topic and get introduced to one of the most important topics within mysticism. The writer of this article has comprehensively studied this topic, and tried to write about it in a simplified language which is comprehensible for the common reader. Among the questions that will be answered in this article are the following: 1. What are the five different realms within mysticism or 'irfān? 2. What are the Fixed Entities or Archetypes? 3. Is there any proof in the two main sources within Islam -the Noble Qur'ān and the honorable sunna- which accept and reinforce the topic of the Fixed Entities? 4. Why and how did Muḥyiddῑn Muḥammad ibn 'Arabῑ come up with the topic of the Fixed Entities? 5. What role does the Fixed Entities have in Ibn 'Arabῑ's mysticism? 6. What is the relationship between the Fixed Entities and human free will? These are some of the questions that will be answered in this article. Keywords A'yān ath Thābita, the Fixed or Permanent Entities, Muḥyiddῑn Muḥammad ibn 'Arabῑ, Mysticism, 'Irfān, the First and Second Entification (Ta'ayyunāt), the Intellect/ Noetic ('Aql) Realm, the Imaginal Realm (Mithāl), the Material Realm/ the universe.
Nazariyat Dergisi
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