Olga Mykhaylyshyn* Architectural heritage protection in Volyn in 1920–1930 as a source of cultural and national identity (original) (raw)
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The architectural heritage is a substantial component of every nation's culture, on both the national and local level. Each piece of architecture has its material and immaterial impacteven if relatively smallon our understanding of the entire culture, the social perception of culture and the meaning it carries for the local identity. To preserve architectural heritage efficiently, especially when dealing with small remote heritage sites, research program involves social participation intended to program the reuse of the object and its surrounding. The investigation for the reasons to initiate or hold intervention has to take into account the cultural, educational and economic aspects alike, as equally significant. From the economic perspective, the creation of strong connection between a society and pieces of heritage may be the last chance for many forgotten architectural objects, otherwise doomed to destruction.
Transformation of Political-Economic System in Poland and New Values of Built Heritage
Acta Universitatis Nicolai Copernici Zabytkoznawstwo i Konserwatorstwo
Transformation of political-economic system in Poland and the dispute about values of built heritage This paper concerns post-1989 changes and modifications of Polish built heritage. For Poland, the year of the fall of the Iron Curtain marked the beginning of political and economic transformation: a transition from a socialist state and a member of the Soviet Bloc to a capitalist state integrated with the European Union. The implementation of democratic institutions and procedures, and the rise of free-market economy based on private property, has nurtured profound changes in the standard of living, which in turn triggered significant transformations of the traditional cultural landscape. Along with the development of pluralistic society, new ideas and approaches arose in the heritage sphere. The phenomenon described by Pierre Nora * This article has been developed from a conference paper given during the session "Re-Writing History in the Time of Late Capitalism: Uses and Abuses of Built Heritage", at the conference "What does heritage change?" held in Montreal on June 3-8, 2016 and organized by the Association of Critical Heritage Studies.
Interwar Vilnius was the center of conservation district, one of eight conservation districts in Poland. The paper focuses on images of interwar Vilnius’ monument protection in historiography. Two different images are noticeable: one in the historiography of interwar Vilnius’ monuments protection, the other in the historiography of interwar Poland’s monuments protection. In the first case interwar period in Vilnius is highly evaluated as significant in the context of monuments protection in the 19th-20th c. and in interwar Poland. Contrary to this Vilnius region almost disappear and is hardly comparable to the former Galicia or Warsaw in the historiography of monuments protection in interwar Poland.
Protection of Architectural Heritage in the Latvian SSR (1945–1991
Latvijas Vēstures Institūta Žurnāls 3, 2017
This article examines the protection policy of architectural heritage in Latvia in the period of Soviet occupation. The author analyses the basic protection principles towards monuments, and their connection with the prevalent ideology of the Communist Party, as well as the protection peculiarities in terms of the typological groups of architectural monuments (sacred buildings, the centres of former estates and the objects of urban construction). The author has drawn attention to the practice of list-making, analysing the inclusion of architectural monuments protected by the state. The article is concluded with an overview of the condition of architectural monument protection in the Latvian SSR and the public attitude towards this area during the Soviet occupation era.
1. Faces of the identity and memory. The cultural heritage of Central Europe (managing and case studies)
Cultural Heritage of Central and Eastern Europe is still little known, but is increasingly being exposed as an area for scientific research. This region of Europe has experienced exceptional historical events in the twentieth century. Along the majority societies associated with different states, there lived communities of the minority and stateless, torn by totalitarian regimes of the previous century. The politics of assimilation aimed at the national, ethnic, and religious minorities has taken an enormous toll on their cultural heritage. The empty, devastated Jewish synagogues, Orthodox, Greek and Roman Catholic churches serving as warehouses are still to be seen on these lands. We encounter fallen mansions or houses abandoned in a hurry of those who once lived their life in a colourful multicultural reality of the borderland. The fall of communism in this part of Europe has restored the memory of the “absent” and triggered activities to rescue their tangible and intangible cultural heritage. In Central-Eastern Europe, the passing decades have been characterized by many interesting and new projects created within the framework of the forgotten and uncomfortable heritage, undertaken by many public, self-government, private and non-profit institutions They are supported by the organizers and implementers of culture, as well as regional activists and enthusiasts who realize there will be a big void in the history and collective memory of this region if the minorities’ heritage is to disappear. The monograph includes papers from international researchers tackling various issues on cultural heritage and its management. They present multiple involvements of this area of culture within different European countries’ politics or ideology.
2015
Preface Nowadays, responsibility for the heritage, broadly understood as human and environmental coexistence, is the most important challenge of humanity. The Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage proclaimed in 1972 by United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) reinforced and popularized the Western thought that divided the nature and the culture, which had its beginning in the thought of Enlightenment (MacCormack and Strathern 1980). The nature vs. culture dichotomy, understood as contrasting those two qualities, had huge consequences often depreciating the value of the one for the another. In Articles 1 and 2 of the Convention (UNESCO 2005), the criteria allowing for qualifying properties as examples of cultural or natural heritage were defined. Sandra Pannell lists definitions of cultural heritage we can find in Convention as ‘‘monuments’, ‘groups of buildings’ and ‘sites’, the last ones being the ‘works of man or the combined works of nature and of man’’ (Panell 2006). Definitions of natural heritage are put as ‘‘physical and biological formations’, ‘habitats of threatened species’ and ‘natural sites or natural areas’, which are of ‘outstanding universal value’ from the point of view of science, conservation and/or aesthetics’’(Panell 2006). We can also find ‘mixed heritage’ understood as combination of cultural and natural ones. Nowadays UNESCO proclaims a new way of understanding heritage, a new vision which ‘strives to recognize and protect sites that are outstanding demonstrations of human coexistence with the land as well as human interactions, cultural coexistence, spirituality and creative expression’ (UNESCO 2008). That approach wins more and more supporters not only in the scientific world but also in people all over the world. The discussed process is taking place on numerous planes. Starting from the discussion of specialists on universal values and defining the basic notions, through changes in legal regulations e.g.: connected to implementation of the European Landscape Convention, which is to be accepted by every signing country, to a purely social plane connected with popularization of a new way of understanding, viewing and protecting the Heritage. The term ‘Cultural landscape’ is the actual sample of such a new thinking, and therefore we have decided to focus mostly on the elements of cultural landscape. The subject, approached from various perspectives, from a theoretical (defining and situating cultural landscape in the social space) to a practical one (revitalizations of historically and culturally valuable objects, the value of which forms the identity of the region, winning the sources of financing), from the municipal (examples of Cittaslow towns, urban parks, or ‘The Holy Cemetery’ in Romania) to the rural one (‘Village Renewal’), from a French (an excellent sample of the Parc Naturel Régional de la Brenne ) to a Polish one (examples of Warmia and Mazury, as well as Podlasie) constitutes the first part and the core of this publication. The further part deals with the subjects connected with difficult/dissonant heritage basing on the example of Warmia and Mazury, where, due to political and historical conditions, the regional cultural landscape was subjected to ideologization in favour of Polish raison d’état. The authors have presented how important and more and more common it is in that ‘difficult’ environment to discover and build identity of a human being based on the heritage of the region. The final part of the following monograph discusses particular actions taken by various organizational units (the University, societies, funds) to put theory into practice. We let those who make that theory work in practice speak. Launching the cultural and natural studies as well as the Centre for Cultural and Natural Heritage at the University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, together with work of specific people in associations and organizations show us how important it is to be aware of and to take care for the cultural heritage and what difficult this work it is. The collected examples, however, prove that it may be done successfully. We realize that we have not discussed in this publication numerous important issues and areas of heritage or we have not devoted as much time to them as they deserve. Our intention is to inspire with the expertise and experience of this book as much people, organizations, and self-governments to notice the cultural and natural heritage and to take measures for its protection. The international exchange of experiences presented in this publication would not be possible without personal involvement by the authorities of the University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, the Association France-Pologne de l'Indre and the management of the Parc Naturel Régional de la Brenne. We believe that that every initiative to be born under the influence of this publication, which aims at showing how it is possible to take care together for heritage understood according to the UNESCO World Heritage Centre as ‘our cultural and natural heritage are both irreplaceable sources of life and inspiration. They are our touchstones, our points of reference, our identity’ (UNESCO 2008), is to serve well for the local societies building, at the same time, a relation with the place of living. M. Śliwa, K. Glińska-Lewczuk
The protection and guardianship of cultural heritage in Poland.pdf
The protection and guardianship of cultural heritage in Poland / Opieka i ochrona dziedzictwa kulturowego na ziemiach Polski Polish - English article presenting briefly the most important issues in the history of heritage protection in Polish territories in a chronological order. The full version of the magazine is available at https://www.nid.pl/pl/Dla\_specjalistow/Wydawnictwa/wydanie.php?ID=372