Seroprevalence of human cytomegalovirus antibodies among children with type I diabetes mellitus in the Aseer Region, Southwest KSA (original) (raw)
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Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Coxsackievirus (CV) are included in the environmental factors potentially relevant to the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (T1D). Thus, this study aimed to detect the prevalence of both anti-IgG for each of CV and CMV in diabetic children with (EV +) or without (EV-) enteroviruses infection. The current study revealed that the T1D-EV + and T1D-EV-groups had marked elevations in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), C-reactive protein (CRP) and glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies (GADA) as compared to non-diabetic control. Moreover, anti-IgG for the CV and CMV groups were detected in three groups; diabetic infected (T1D-EV +), diabetic non-infected (T1D-EV-) and control group. Detection of anti-CV IgG achieved 22.7%, 6.7% and 64% in control, T1D-EV-and T1D-EV + , respectively. However, detection of anti-CMV IgG revealed 23.4%, 50% and 40% in control, T1D-EV-and T1D-EV + , respectively. In conclusion, the prevalence of the antibodies of CV-IgG and CMV-IgG in the sera of diabetic children more than that in healthy control children may give a role of these viruses in the etiology and progression of T1D.
Diabetologia, 1995
To study the possible temporal association between primary cytomegalovirus infection and the appearance of islet cell autoantibodies or the development of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) cytomegalovirus antibodies were analysed from follow-up sera of 46 initially non-diabetic siblings of diabetic children who either manifested clinical IDDM (22 siblings) or turned islet cell antibody positive (24 siblings) during the prospective observation (mean follow-up time 2.9 years). Secondly, cytomegalovirus antibodies were analysed during pregnancy in 96 mothers whose child presented with IDDM before the age of 7 years and in 96 control mothers who gave birth to a non-diabetic child. Thirdly, a case-control series including 90 newly-diagnosed young children with IDDM and their 90 control subjects was analysed. No seroconversions were found in cytomegalovirus antibodies during the follow-up of the 46 siblings indicating no temporal association with islet cell antibody seroconversion or manifestation of clinical diabetes. During the followup 17 (37 %) siblings were constantly seronegative and 29 (63 %) seropositive for cytomegalovirus IgG and there was no difference between islet cell antibody positive and negative siblings. Cytomegalovirus IgG and IgM were not different in pregnant mothers who gave birth to a subsequently diabetic child compared to control mothers, or in newly-diagnosed diabetic children compared to control children. Cytomegalovirus IgA was higher in newly-diagnosed diabetic children than in control children (p < 0.005). This difference disappeared when only cytomegalovirus IgG positive individuals were analysed. No correlation was found between islet cell antibodies and cytomegalovirus antibodies in newly-diagnosed diabetic patients. The results do not support the hypothesis that primary cytomegalovirus infections could initiate the cascade leading to autoimmune destruction of the beta cells. [Diabetologia (1995) 38: 705-710]
Prospective study of cytomegalovirus seropositivity and risk of mortality from diabetes
Acta Diabetologica, 2014
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infects 40 % of the world population and has been suggested to be associated with diabetes; however, no prospective study has ever examined diabetes mortality associated with the infection. A cohort of 14,404 non-diabetic adult participants aged 17-90 years from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988-1994) was prospectively followed for mortality through 2006. CMV immunoglobulin G was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunofluorescence assay. Diabetes death was assessed with death records from the National Death Index. Cox proportional hazards modeling was used to determine diabetes mortality risk associated with CMV infection, adjusting for socio-demographics, diabetes risk factors, and comorbidities. At baseline, 76.8 % of subjects were CMV seropositive, and after an average follow-up of 13.7 years, diabetes mortality rate per 10,000 person-years was 6.8 (95 % CI 5.7, 8.0). Among seropositive participants, the diabetes death rate (8.4, 95 % CI 7.0, 9.9) was more than four times the rate in seronegative ones (2.0, 95 % CI 1.1, 3.6) (P value for the difference \0.001). In the adjusted Cox proportional hazards analysis, CMV seropositivity more than doubled the risk of diabetes mortality (HR 2.06, 95 % CI 1.05, 4.06). CMV infection may thus predict future mortality from diabetes in non-diabetic people.
Early childhood CMV infection may decelerate the progression to clinical type 1 diabetes
Pediatric Diabetes, 2018
Aims/Hypothesis Evidence of the role of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (T1D) has remained inconclusive. Our aim was to elucidate the possible role of CMV infection in the initiation of islet autoimmunity and in the progression to clinical T1D among children with HLA-conferred T1D risk. Methods A total of 1402 children from the prospective Type 1 Diabetes Prediction and Prevention (DIPP) study were analyzed for CMV-specific IgG antibodies during early childhood. All children carried HLA-DQ genotypes associated with increased risk for T1D. The effect of CMV infection on the appearance of T1D-associated autoantibodies (IAA, GADA and IA-2A, n=356) and on the progression rate to clinical T1D (n=233) were analyzed with Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and logrank test.
Patients with diabetes mellitus and atherosclerosis; a role for cytomegalovirus?
Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 1997
Diabetic patients are known to have an impaired immune response to viral antigens and a high incidence of atherosclerosis. This study was initiated to evaluate the association between cytomegalovirus infection and atherosclerosis in patients with diabetes mellitus. Patients with diabetes mellitus type 1 and 2 (> 5 years) with (group A) and without (group B) clinical signs of atherosclerosis were included. Cytomegalovirus cultures were obtained, serum was screened for CMV-antibodies and CMV-IgG and CMV-IgM titers were determined. Cytomegalovirus antibodies were detected more often in diabetic patients with atherosclerosis compared to patients without atherosclerosis (70.7 vs. 45.2%, P = 0.018). In female patients the prevalence of CMV-antibodies was 89.5 vs. 40.0% (P = 0.0037). CMV IgG titers were twice as high in group A compared to group B. Cytomegalovirus was cultured from four urine samples and two throat swabs in group B and in one urine and one throat swab in group A. The prevalence of cytomegalovirus antibodies was higher in diabetic patients with atherosclerosis compared to diabetic patients without atherosclerosis. This difference was most striking in the female population. CMV-IgG titers were twice as high in the atherosclerosis group. These data suggest that cytomegalovirus may play a role in the development of clinical atherosclerosis in patients with diabetes mellitus.
Clinical Immunology and Immunopathology, 1990
To investigate whether cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection may be related to islet cell antibodies (ICA) production and/or to insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) development, we have analyzed the prevalence of anti-CMV, IgM, and IgG antibodies and of ICA in 80 healthy siblings of IDDM patients (HSIDDP) and in 60 control subjects with negative familiar anamnesis of IDDM. HSIDDP and controls were also typed for HLA-A-B-C and DR antigens. IgM and IgG anti-CMV were detected by an ELISA method, whereas the ICA assay was performed by standard indirect immunofluorescence on 5-p,m unfixed sections of human pancreas. HLA-A-B and C antigens were studied by standard microlymphocytotoxicity; DR antigens were also studied by a standard microlymphocytotoxicity on a B-enriched lymphocyte population. Our results indicate a significant association (P < 0X401) between high titers of anti-CMV IgG antibodies and ICA in HSDIDDP, whereas no correlation was found between the presence of any HLA-A-B-C and DR antigens and the prevalence of anti-CMV IgM and IgG antibodies and/or ICA. Thus, these data may support the hypothesis that a chronic CMV infection may be associated with ICA production whereas other factors seem to be needed for the complete development of type 1 diabetes. Q 1990 Academic press, hc.
The roles of Human Cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Background: Type-1-diabetes, also known as insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, results from the progressive destruction of pancreatic beta cells resulting in insulin deficiency.Studies on the risk of developing Type-1-diabetes suggested that environmental factors, particularly viruses, may be involved in initiating the destruction of beta cells leading to Type-1-diabetes. The aim of current study was to investigate the possible correlation between human cytomegalovirusand Epstein Barr virus with type 1 diabetes mellitus.Methods: A total of 56 patients diagnosed with Type-1-diabetes who attended the Special Center for Endocrine Glands and Diabetes in Al-Nassyrieh city, and another control group of 30 non-diabetic healthy people were selected. These two groups were of age range 3-22 years old and from both sexes. The sera from both groups were collected and divided into two parts. One part for the serological detection of IgM and IgG antibodies against human cytomegalovirusand Epstein Barr virus by the enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA) and another part to detect the viral target genes of human cytomegalovirusand Epstein Barr virus genome by the conventional Polymerase Chain Reaction(PCR) technique.Results: The results revealed that only 2(3.60%) of Type-1-diabetes patients were positive for anti-human cytomegalovirus IgM antibodies compared with a negative result of the control group and 53(94.60%) of Type-1-diabetes patients were positive for anti-human cytomegalovirus IgG antibodies compared with a full percentage in the control group (100.00%). Also, ELISA results indicated the presence of anti-Epstein Barr virus IgM antibodies and anti-Epstein Barr virus IgG antibodies in 7(12.50%) and 24(42.90%) of Type-1-diabetes patients, respectively, compared with negative results for both anti-E[stein Barr virus IgM and IgG antibodies of the control group. Regarding PCR technique, the results revealed that (33.93%) of Type-1-diabetes patients had Human Cytomegalovirus DNA and (26.79%) of Type-1-diabetes patients hadEpstein Barr virus DNA compared with none of the controls had Human Cytomegalovirus DNA or EpsteinBarr virus DNA (P<0.001).Conclusion: According to these results, the current study concluded that Human Cytomegalovirus and EpsteinBarr virus infections may have a role in the pathogenesis, development and progression of type 1 diabetes mellitus.