The Emergence of the City (original) (raw)

The Cultivated Town – Another Perspective on Urban Life

Swedish archaeologist has, until recently, mainly studied urban space with focus on the built-up areas. The town dwellers’ way of life and economic base, like crafts and trade, have been viewed as a contrast to the surrounding countryside, where agriculture was the economic base. Very little research has been devoted to the town dwellers’ cultivations, despite the fact that farming on lands surrounding the built up town, was of great importance to the inhabitants far into the 19th century. Almost every Swedish town held extensive lands with arable fields, pastures, meadows and forests. However, it was not only the surrounding arable fields that were cultivated by the town dwellers. Within and nearby the built-up town area there were orchards and kitchen gardens, which are the main focus in this paper. In recent years the common perception of the town dwellers as dependent on products from the surrounding countryside and villages has been questioned within Scandinavian research. Recent research considers the town dwellers to have been self-sufficient to a much greater extent than earlier assumed. We will try to shed some light on these topics with examples from medieval and early modern towns in the south and southeastern part of Sweden.

Burial mounds and settlements: the funerary contribution to urbanism

2017

Principal region of study. 2.1 Map of Princely Sites mentioned in the text. 2.2 Area of the magnetometer survey on the Glauberg. 2.3 The bronze Celtic style Schnabelkanne from the Princely burial 1 from the Glauberg. 2.4 The bronze Celtic style Röhrenkanne from grave 2 from the Glauberg. 2.5 Bronze double mask fibula from grave 3 from the Glauberg. 2.6 Life-size sandstone statue from a ditch at burial mound 1 from the Glauberg. 2.7 Model of a settlement hierarchy for the Early Iron age and alternative hierarchical model 2.8 20-km viewsheds from the Heuneburg and Bussen mountain. 2.9 Viewsheds of the Hallstatt settlements and Early La Tène settlements in the area around the Glauberg. 2.10 Slope based least cost path model of possible routes connecting sites with line-decorated pottery, also found on the Glauberg. 2.11 Location of the Princely grave on the Glauberg. 2.12 Sizes of the catchment areas that are reachable on foot within a one hour from a settlement. 2.13 Core settlement areas of the Marienberg environs in the Urnfield and the Hallstatt periods.y. 2.14 Core settlement areas of the Glauberg environs in the Urnfield and the Hallstatt periods. 2.15 Early Celtic style Fürstensitze and their relation to the borders of larger regions and major rivers. 2.16 Share of settlement sites per 100 years for the Late Bronze Age the Early Iron Age Hallstatt and the Early La Tène period. 3.1 Oppida and open agglomerations in the modern federal state of Bavaria. 3.2

"Urban Village" as Defined in the Literature

Village Design Institute, Research Paper, 2005

As a relatively new thought-form entering the sustainable development lexicon, “Urban Village” is being interpreted in a variety of ways, in support of varying means and ends. If we are to develop a model of Urban Village that has any chance of being truly sustainable – that is, continued into the indefinite future, by definition a synergy of ecology and urbanism – then it will behoove us to gain an overview of how other theorists are implementing this fecund term.

Emergence and the Forms of Cities

Architectural Design, 2010

Michael Weinstock's significant new book The Architecture of Emergence: The Evolution of Form in Nature and Civilisation calls into question the received notion of culture. Rather than perceiving civilisation as intrinsically human or humanist, standing outside and beyond nature, Weinstock positions human development alongside ecological development: the history of cultural evolution and the production of cities are set in the context of processes and forms of the natural world. In this extract from Chapter 7, Weinstock charts how the proliferation of cities and systems of cities and their extended metabolic systems across the world were characterised by episodic and irregular expansions, consolidation, collapse and subsequent reorganisation. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.