The Association Between Sanitation, Hygiene, and Stunting in Children Under Two-Years (An Analysis of Indonesia’s Basic Health Research, 2013) (original) (raw)
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The Effect of Sanitation on Stunting Prevalence in Indonesia
Populasi, 2022
Preparing children from birth can boost productivity and competitiveness later in their lives. However, the occurrence of malnutrition and stunting during childhood period will reduce their productivity and increases the risk of non-communicable diseases later in their lives. This study examines the effect of sanitation, drinking water sources, and drinking water treatment on stunting in Indonesian children (0-59 months). This study analyses crosssectional data from the 2014 Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) 5 with 3,834 children living with their biological mothers. The Logistic Regression to estimate the coefficients is applied here. The results show that the variables of sanitation, drinking water sources, and drinking water treatment before consuming affected stunting. Children who consume tap water are less likely to be stunted (OR=0.81, 95% CI 0.66-0.99). Birth weight, economic conditions, and mother's level of education also affect risk of stunting. Hence, to overcome the risk of stunting, the government have to accelerate the supply of basic sanitation, to protect the good quality of drinking water sources, and to promote the awareness of boiling water before consumption.
International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health
Background: Stunting toddlers describe the existence of chronic nutritional problems, influenced by prospective maternal, fetal period, and toddler age, including illnesses during infancy. Children who stunted impact not only on intelligence, productivity and future performance after adulthood.Methods: The study in 10 villages in Purwojati Subdistric, Banyumas district, Central Java, Indonesia in 2017. The cross-sectional study design with population is households that have children aged 6-35 months. A sample of 348 children aged 6-35 months was taken by the cluster whit design effect of 2.Results: Respondents consisted of 52.3% boys, 45.4% aged 12-23 months. Most of the energy, protein, fat and carbohydrate intake is more than 80% of the recommended dietary allowance and a small proportion of children suffer from measles, Acute Respiratory Infection and diarrhoea. For sanitation 68.4% of the houses are in the poor, poor waste management is 92%, non-plumbing sources 68.9%, dirty lat...
Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Health Research (ISHR 2019), 2020
Some sub-districts in Bali province have stunting prevalence more that national average which might be associated with the environmental health condition in those areas. This study aimed to examine the association between environmental health factors with stunting prevalence among children age 2-5 years. Case-control study was conducted at Karangasem district with 101 case and 101 control. Cases were obtained from the list of stunted children from the result of PSG 2017 in 4 sub-districts. The controls were children at the same age and sex which were randomly selected from the available list of children in the health center. Bivariate and multivariate (logistic regression) were used for analysis. The study shows that cases and controls were comparable for age, sex, health access, nutrition sensitive intervention, infection history, water access, solid waste management. Cases and controls differed for variables: education level of parents, toilet access and ownerships, disposal of child's feces, hand washing practice dan facilities, and distance to livestock shelter. Logistic regression showed that only father's education (AOR=2.429; 95%CI: 1.304-4.525) associated with stunting among children age 2-5 years. The optimum prediction model was obtained with variables of father's education, disposal of child's feces and distance to animal shelter. In conclusion, only father's education was found associated with stunting and only weak associations were found between environmental health factors and stunting.
IOP conference series, 2019
Indonesia still bears a significant public health problem of stunting among under-5 (U-5) children. Environmental factors have been demonstrated to be associated with stunting as indirect causes. However, the extent to which the environmental factors determine the stunting burden in rural Indonesia is stil underexplored. Hence, this study investigates environmental factors that determine stunting among U-5 children in the rural areas of Indonesia. We employed data from the Indonesia Family Life Survey 2014/2015 (IFLS5) and selected a sample size of 2,571 children under five years of age residing in rural areas. We performed a multivariable logistic regression analysis and estimated the "population attributable fraction" (PAF) of drinking water, sanitation, and garbage collection on stunting. The results suggest that unimproved drinking water source and improper garbage collection correspond with higher odds of child stunting. Inadequate sanitation facility, however, was not found to be significantly influencing the odds of stunting. Moreover, household wealth is protective of risk of stunting. Furthermore, the PAF analysis demonstrated that 21.58% of the stunting burden among U-5 children residing in rural areas are preventable by providing access to an improved drinking water source and better household solid waste management to prevent repeated infections.
BMC Public Health, 2016
Background: Stunting in early life has considerable human and economic costs. The purpose of the study was to identify factors associated with stunting among children aged 0-23 months in Indonesia to inform the design of appropriate policy and programme responses. Methods: Determinants of child stunting, including severe stunting, were examined in three districts in Indonesia using data from a cross-sectional survey conducted in 2011. A total of 1366 children were included. The analysis used multiple logistic regression to determine unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios. Results: The prevalence of stunting and severe stunting was 28.4 % and 6.7 %, respectively. The multivariate analysis on determinants of stunting identified a significant interaction between household sanitary facility and household water treatment (P for interaction = 0.007) after controlling for potential covariates: in households that drank untreated water, the adjusted odds on child stunting was over three times higher if the household used a unimproved latrine (adjusted odds ratio 3.47, 95 % confidence interval 1.73-7.28, P <0.001); however, in households that drank treated water, the adjusted odds on child stunting was not significantly higher if the household used an unimproved latrine (adjusted odds ratio 1.27, 95 % confidence interval 0.99-1.63, P = 0.06). Other significant risk factors included male sex, older child age and lower wealth quintile. The risk factors for severe stunting included male sex, older child age, lower wealth quintile, no antenatal care in a health facility, and mother's participation in decisions on what food was cooked in the household. Conclusions: The combination of unimproved latrines and untreated drinking water was associated with an increased odds on stunting in Indonesia compared with improved conditions. Policies and programmes to address child stunting in Indonesia must consider water, sanitation and hygiene interventions. Operational research is needed to determine how best to converge and integrate water, sanitation and hygiene interventions into a broader multisectoral approach to reduce stunting in Indonesia.
Universal Journal of Public Health, 2023
Severity of stunting is frequently associated as a result of the effects of environmental factors, such as ecological differences, poor quality sanitation, and potential effects on parental livelihood. Knowledge about the effect of sanitation and parental livelihood at three ecological zones on stunting severity at South Lampung Regency is unknown. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of ecological zones, sanitation performance, and parental livelihood on stunting severity in toddlers aged 0-59 months at South Lampung Regency, Indonesia. The cross-sectional study was conducted in a sample of 182 households that were spread over the hilly zone, 82 lowland zones, and 49 coastal zones at South Lampung Regency, Indonesia. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire that captured the sanitation performance and parental livelihood. Toddler’s heights were measured using a standard procedure and categorized manually according to national references. The ordinal logistic regression model was used to claim the effect. The higher probability of toddlers to be stunting was found significant on lowland zone, coastal zone, and clean water from drilled wells source, while lower probability significant on gallon drinking water, standard latrines, wastewater sewerage construction materials from cement and pipes, managed solid waste, ventilation not all rooms, bright lighting in rooms, and father's livelihood as a civil servant and entrepreneur. Stunting severity at South Lampung Regency is affected by ecological zones, sanitation performance, and father’s livelihood. The results of our study are expected to assist the government in developing appropriate stunting reduction policy programs, especially comprehensive intervention by adjusting the ecological zone.
AcTion: Aceh Nutrition Journal
Stunting is still a significant public health problem in Indonesia. The interaction between the inadequacy of feeding practices and Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) are the direct causes of stunting. The study aimed to assess the relationship between WASH and child feeding patterns with stunting among children aged 6-23 months. The study used a cross-sectional design conducted in July-August 2022 in the working area of Simbang Community Health Center, Maros Regency. Samples of 90 children aged 6-23 months were selected by simple random sampling. Data on sociodemographic, WASH and feeding patterns were collected by interview using a questionnaire. Stunting was measured by a height-for-age z-score. Data were analyzed using the Chi-square test and Logistic Regression. The results showed that the prevalence of stunting was 31,1%. Mother's age <20 years, low maternal height, sex of child, non-exclusive breastfeeding, complementary feeding started, the poor sewage management a...
2021
(1) Background: Stunting remains a challenge in Indonesia, where 30.8% of under-five children are stunted and may never reach full potential height and cognitive function. We aimed to investigate the risk factors of stunting in Nangapanda subdistrict, East Nusa Tenggara; (2) Methods: The design was cross-sectional study located in rural area as part of PINTERMIDI UI project. We collected quantitative data on social determinants, weight, height, hemoglobin, ferritin, serum zinc, CRP, worm infection, history of deworming, co-morbidity, food security, and nutrient intake; (3) Results: A total of 196 under-five children included and 74% households were food insecure. The prevalence of stunting was 29.9% in this population (31.8% worm infection, 30.3% iron deficiency, and 28.1% zinc deficiency). Multivariate analysis showed household with 5-8 members (AOR 3.076; 95% CI 1.132-8.356) and unsafe drinking water (AOR 1.702; 95% CI 0.825-3.512) were significant independent risk factors of stunting after adjusted by child's gender, father's occupation, caregiver's education, monthly expenses, sanitary facilities, and food security status; (4) Conclusions: The number of household members is the only independent risk factor of stunting among children age 24-59 months in rural area of Eastern Indonesia. Development of nutrition sensitive intervention and promotion of family planning are needed in order to increase adequate child's care and feeding practices in rural area of Eastern Indonesia.
The Relationship of Community-Based Total Sanitation with Stunting Incidences in Toddlers
Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior, 2021
Background: Stunting is a condition where toddlers have a length or height that is less than their age. The prevalence of stunting in Riau Province in 2019 based on survey data on the nutritional status of Indonesian toddlers was 23.7%, at the Sidomulyo Health Center there were 161 stunting toddlers and the results of the study found stunting toddlers 36.9%. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between Community Based Total Sanitation (CBTS) and the incidence of stunting in children under five in the working area of the Sidomulyo Health Center Pekanbaru City in 2021. Subjects and Method: The cross-sectional study was conducted in the working area of the
Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference of Computer, Environment, Agriculture, Social Science, Health Science, Engineering and Technology, 2018
Background: Stunting is a problem that occur in the world. Based on Riskesdas(Basic Health Research) Indonesia 2013 data, the incidence of stunting in Indonesia in children under five was 37.2% (18% very short and 19.2% short). This is a matter of concern because the impact of stunting can cause various physical and psychological disorders for the children. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine the factors that influence the occurrence of stunting, especially in children aged 2 to 12 years, in The area of Puskesmas Tuntungan Medan. Methodology: This research is an analytical descriptive with cross sectional approach done in Tuntungan Medan Health Center area. The sample size is 92 children selected by total sampling. The datas used are primary data of height, weight, education and parental awareness and sanitation status obtained from questionnaire. Results: The result of this study indicates that the prevalence of stunting children is 33.7% (31 children). From the bivariate analysis of breastfeeding variable and sanitation variable, the obtained p value was 0,002 and 0,019. From the multivariate analysis, the variable that influence the incidence of stunting the most is the duration of breastfeeding (exclusive breastfeeding) with p value 0,007. The largest OR value obtained was 4.781. Conclusion: It can be concluded that from all the variables that cause stunting, which are duration of breastfeeding, birth weight, sanitation, education and income of the elderly, the breastfeeding variable is the most significant variable 92