Integrated Sensor Arrays based on PiezoPaint (original) (raw)
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International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology (IJERT), 2019
https://www.ijert.org/development-and-performance-evaluation-of-piezoelectric-polymer-based-composite-materials-for-automatic-sensing https://www.ijert.org/research/development-and-performance-evaluation-of-piezoelectric-polymer-based-composite-materials-for-automatic-sensing-IJERTCONV7IS10034.pdf Energy is very important factor because everyone uses it in various forms in this society .When conservation of energy is done; savings on the cost of living is achieved. Study of various piezoelectric forms or the sources of Energy and its characteristics are very important to develop piezoelectricity because it is most easily available forms, cost effective aspect and nature friendly form. Composite material is the material which is developed of amalgam of variety of materials such as fibers, metal, non metal, powders, compounds etc. Here, in this research review paper it has been illustrated to develop a polymer based piezoelectric composite by utilizing crystal compounds , natural fibers and to analyze mechanical, electrical and mechanoelectronic performance and to analyze mechanical, electrical and mechanoelectronic performance of Lead Zerconium Titanate(PZT), Barium Zerconium Titanate (BZT) by blending with matrix reinforced with PVDF,graphite in the forms of fibers and powder which is later synthesized into solid form using electrospining, hot drawing process and powder synthesis form using milling and sintering process. The piezoelectric form of material which is developed, which is further characterized by solid state reaction and poling methods. Later the piezoelectric material is further synthesized with acoustic emissivity Sensors to sense and detect force and its displacement in typical industrial sensing application can be detected.
2005
Structural health monitoring (SHM) is important for reducing maintenance costs while increasing safety and reliability. Piezoelectric wafer active sensors (PWAS) used in SHM applications are able to detect structural damage using Lamb waves. PWAS are small, lightweight, unobtrusive, and inexpensive. PWAS achieve direct transduction between electric and elastic wave energies. PWAS are essential elements in the Lamb-wave SHM with pitch-catch, pulse-echo, and electromechanical impedance methods. Traditionally, structural integrity tests required attachment of sensors to the material surface. This is often a burdensome and time-consuming task, especially considering the size and magnitude of the surfaces measured (such as aircraft, bridges, structural supports, etc.). In addition, there are critical applications where the rigid piezoceramic wafers cannot conform to curved surfaces. Existing ceramic PWAS, while fairly accurate when attached correctly to the substance, may not provide the long term durability required for SHM. The bonded interface between the PWAS and the structure is often the durability weak link. Better durability may be obtained from a built-in sensor that is incorporated into the material. An in-situ fabricated smart sensor may offer better durability. This paper gives a review of the state of the art on the in-situ fabrication of PWAS using different approaches, such as piezoelectric composite approach; polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) approach. It will present the principal fabrication methods and results existing to date. Flexible PVDF PWAS have been studied. They were mounted on a cantilever beam and subjected to free vibration testing. The experimental results of the composite PWAS and PVDF PWAS have been compared with the conventional piezoceramic PWAS. The theoretical and experimental results in this study gave the basic demonstration of the piezoelectricity of composite PWAS and PVDF PWAS.
Direct-write piezoelectric ultrasonic transducers for impact damage detection in composite plates
2018
Internal damage in carbon-fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) plates, induced by low velocity impact, becomes important to be detected and repaired before catastrophic failure happens. In this context, structural health monitoring (SHM) techniques have been developed that could monitor a structure over time by using a network of sensors. Discrete ultrasonic transducers made of piezoelectric lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramic, as currently widely used for SHM purpose, can generate and sense guided ultrasonic waves traveling in the structure. These waves are particularly affected by damage and discontinuities, but also by the anisotropy and complex structure of CFRP. Direct-write (DW) piezoelectric ultrasonic transducers have been developed on metallic structure for SHM to reduce transducers weight and profile for potential aircraft applications, to improve system reliability and to reduce the cost of introducing a large number of transducers, while they are directly produced during ma...
High performance piezo electric nanocomposite sensor nodes for structural health monitoring
2017
The increased usage of composite materials has raised the need for a more reliable damage detection strategy for structural health monitoring (SHM) systems. An important, and as yet unsolved, limitation of existing composite laminates is their susceptibility to impact damage. Low-velocity impact-induced damage is often hard to spot from the impacted side in a routine visual inspection, but it has a significant effect on the mechanical performance of laminates. This work investigates the possibility of embedding poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) as a sensor node for a passive SHM system in SE70 glass/epoxy laminates to monitor the damage while being subjected to an indentation test. The mechanical test results for the laminates both with and without embedded sensors indicate that the embedment of the PVDF sensors does not change the measured mechanical properties of the laminates. Acoustic emission (AE) signals obtained using the embedded PVDF sensor were compared with an identical P...
Recent Advances in Piezoelectric Wafer Active Sensors for Structural Health Monitoring Applications
Sensors
In this paper, some recent piezoelectric wafer active sensors (PWAS) progress achieved in our laboratory for active materials and smart structures (LAMSS) at the University of South Carolina: http: //www.me.sc.edu/research/lamss/ group is presented. First, the characterization of the PWAS materials shows that no significant change in the microstructure after exposure to high temperature and nuclear radiation, and the PWAS transducer can be used in harsh environments for structural health monitoring (SHM) applications. Next, PWAS active sensing of various damage types in aluminum and composite structures are explored. PWAS transducers can successfully detect the simulated crack and corrosion damage in aluminum plates through the wavefield analysis, and the simulated delamination damage in composite plates through the damage imaging method. Finally, the novel use of PWAS transducers as acoustic emission (AE) sensors for in situ AE detection during fatigue crack growth is presented. Th...
A survey of printable piezoelectric sensors
2015 IEEE SENSORS, 2015
Availability of solution-processable piezoelectric sensor and electrode materials enable low-cost and highthroughput fabrication of fully printable piezoelectric sensors. Results obtained with piezoelectric polymer (polyvinylidenefluoride, PVDF), cellulose nanofibril (CNF) and cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) films as sensor materials are presented here. These sensor materials can be processed in solution and used in combination with printed electrodes to obtain full printability of the sensors. A commercial PVDF film and in-house fabricated CNF and CNC film are used as sensor materials. In addition, conducting polymer, graphene and carbon nanotube (CNT) based inks are used as solution-processable electrode materials in the sensors, whereas conventional metallic electrodes are used as reference electrode material. The sensor operation of the fabricated sensors is evaluated through piezoelectric sensitivity measurements. The sensor sensitivity measurements revealed mean sensitivities from 2 pC/N to 42 pC/N in transverse direction, depending on set of the sensor and electrode materials used.
2016
Structural health monitoring (SHM) systems based on guided w aves require a network of transducers to obtain on demand info rmation about the conditions and performance of the structure or component being interrogat ed such that the occurrence of a tolerable damage can be reliably monitored. The damage detection can be achieved by monitoring a set of piezoelectric sensors ov e time, inferring the remaining useful life of the interrogated structure from the recor ded data and programming the need of future structural maintenance actions. A desirable solution for the manufacturing and integration of the sensors t the host structure would be to get the transducer network ‘printed’ on the structure once the sensor pattern has been designed through modelling a nd simulation. In recent years, an important number of thin piezoelectric-polymer composites have been developed in or er to obtain flexible materials to be used as transducers for the generation and detectio n of guided waves for ...
Structural Health Monitoring of Composite Structures with Piezoelectric-Wafer Active Sensors
AIAA Journal, 2011
Piezoelectric Q2 wafer active sensors are lightweight and inexpensive enablers for a large class of structural health monitoring applications such as 1) embedded guided-wave ultrasonics, i.e., pitch-catch, pulse-echo, and phased arrays; 2) high-frequency modal sensing, i.e., the electromechanical impedance method; and 3) passive detection (acoustic emission and impact detection). The focus of this paper will be on the challenges and opportunities posed by use of piezoelectric-wafer active sensors for structural health monitoring of composite structures as different from that of the metallic structures on which this methodology was initially developed. After a brief introduction, the paper discusses damage modes in composites. Then it reviews the structural health monitoring principles based on piezoelectric-wafer active sensors. This is followed by a discussion of guided-wave propagation in composites and how piezoelectric-wafer active sensor tuning can be achieved. Finally, the paper presents some damage detection results in composites: 1) hole damage in unidirectional and quasi-isotropic plates and 2) impact damage in quasiisotropic plates. The paper ends with conclusions and suggestions for further work.
We report on the design, development, and performance study of a packaged piezoelectric thin film impact sensor, and its potential application in non-destructive material discrimination. The impact sensing element employed was a thin circular diaphragm of flexible Phynox alloy. Piezoelectric ZnO thin film as an impact sensing layer was deposited on to the Phynox alloy diaphragm by RF reactive mag-netron sputtering. Deposited ZnO thin film was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) techniques. The d 31 piezoelectric coefficient value of ZnO thin film was 4.7 pm V −1 , as measured by 4-point bending method. ZnO film deposited diaphragm based sensing element was properly packaged in a suitable housing made of High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) material. Packaged impact sensor was used in an experimental setup , which was designed and developed in-house for non-destructive material discrimination studies. Materials of different densities (iron, glass, wood, and plastic) were used as test specimens for material discrimination studies. The analysis of output voltage waveforms obtained reveals lots of valuable information about the impacted material. Impact sensor was able to discriminate the test materials on the basis of the difference in their densities. The output response of packaged impact sensor shows high linearity and repeatability. The packaged impact sensor discussed in this paper is highly sensitive, reliable, and cost-effective.