Prediction of Patient-Specific Tissue Engineering Scaffolds for Optimal Design (original) (raw)
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In developing 3D tissue engineering (TE) scaffolds via rapid prototyping system, the design parameters such as filament gap, filament diameter and lay down angle which play significant roles in controlling porous and mechanical characteristics can be modulated. This study focuses on developing a computational model to simulate porous and mechanical characteristics of 3D tissue engineering scaffolds. The simulation is performed by manipulating the design inputs and analyzing the influences of change of the parameters on porous and mechanical characteristics of the scaffolds. With a constant filament gap, the increase of filament diameter decreases porosity and thus increases the mechanical properties of the scaffolds. However, with a constant filament diameter, the increase of filament gap increases the porosity and consequently, decreases the scaffolds' mechanical properties. Increasing lay down angle also increases the porosity that also influences the mechanical properties of the scaffolds. The actual mechanical properties of scaffolds are always obtained through physical experiments.
Finite Element Analysis of Porosity Effects on Mechanical Properties for Tissue Engineering Scaffold
Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry
Porosity plays a vital role in the development of tissue engineering scaffolds. It influences the biocompatibility performance of the scaffolds by increasing cell proliferation and allowing the transportation of the nutrients, oxygen, and metabolites in the blood rapidly to generate new tissue structure. However, a high amount of porosity can reduce the mechanical properties of the scaffold. Thus, this study aims to determine the geometry of the porous structure of a scaffold which exhibits good mechanical properties while maintaining its porosity at a percentage of more than 80%. Circle and square geometries were used since they are categorized as simple geometry. A unit cell of 12mm x 12mm x 12mm for square shape and pore area of 25π mm2 for circle shape was modeled and simulated by using Finite Element Analysis. The simulation consists of a compression test that determines which geometry exhibits better Young’s Modulus. Since the circle geometry has better Young’s Modulus, the po...
Int J Modeling and Optimization PREDICTION OF PATIENT-PACIFIC TISSUE ENGINEERING
The fabrication of patient-specific tissue engineering scaffold is highly appreciated that requires prior estimation of porous and mechanical characteristics. Architectural controllability and reproducibility are also essential aspects in the development of 3D functional scaffolds. This work presents a computational approach to determine porous and mechanical characteristics of 3D scaffolds. The computational modeling could be a powerful tool to assist designing 3D scaffold with optimum characteristics as required for a particular patient in need. The 3D scaffolds were successfully modeled investigating the influences of design parameters on the porous and mechanical properties via finite element analysis (FEA) and ANSYS application software. It was revealed by ANSYS that the increase in porosity decreased the mechanical properties and increased the damping factor. The Scaffold porosities were obtained in the range of 47% to 95% with varying pore shape and size by modulating lay-down pattern, filament diameter and filament distance.
Journal of Tissue Science & Engineering, 2012
Tissue engineering the development of functional substitute to replace missing or malfunctioning human tissue and organs by using biodegradable biomaterials as scaffolds to direct specific cell types to organize into three dimensional structures and perform differentiated function of targeted tissue. The important factors to be considered in designing of microstructure were porosity, pore size, and pore structure with respect to nutrient supply for transplanted and regenerated cells. Performance of various functions of the tissue structure depends on porous scaffold microstructures with specific porosity, pore size, characteristics that influence the behavior of the incorporated cells. Finite element Methods (FEM) and Computer Aided Design (CAD) combines with manufacturing technologies such as Solid Freeform Fabrication (SFF) helpful to allow virtual design, characterization and production of porous scaffold optimized for tissue replacement with appropriate pore size. Finite Element Modeling used to calculate the stress areas in a complex scaffold structures and thus predict their mechanical behavior during in vivo environment (eg. As load bearing in bone tissue scaffolds) is evaluated. This article reviews recent development and application of Finite Element Methods (FEM) and Computer Aided Design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD & CAM), and rapid prototyping (RP) technology in the development of porous tissue scaffolds.
Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2012
Computer-Aided Tissue Engineering (CATE) is 15 based on a set of additive manufacturing techniques for the 16 fabrication of patient-specific scaffolds, with geometries 17 obtained from medical imaging. One of the main issues 18 regarding the application of CATE concerns the definition of 19 the internal architecture of the fabricated scaffolds, which, in 20 turn, influences their porosity and mechanical strength. The 21 present study envisages an innovative strategy for the 22 fabrication of highly optimized structures, based on the 23 a priori finite element analysis (FEA) of the physiological 24 load set at the implant site. The resulting scaffold micro-25 architecture does not follow a regular geometrical pattern; on 26 the contrary, it is based on the results of a numerical study. 27 The algorithm was applied to a solid free-form fabrication 28 process, using poly(e-caprolactone) as the starting material 29 for the processing of additive manufactured structures. A 30 simple and intuitive geometry was chosen as a proof-of-31 principle application, on which finite element simulations and 32 mechanical testing were performed. Then, to demonstrate the 33 capability in creating mechanically biomimetic structures, the 34 proximal femur subjected to physiological loading conditions 35 was considered and a construct fitting a femur head portion 36 was designed and manufactured. 37 Keywords-Computer-aided tissue engineering, Additive 38 manufacturing, Finite element analysis, Biomimetic design, 39 Load-adaptive scaffold architecturing. 40 41 42
437 Design and Manufacturing of Porous Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering Using Rapid Prototyping
Proceedings of International Conference on Leading Edge Manufacturing in 21st century : LEM21
This research paper addresses the issue of developing an erncient methodology to design and manufacture the complex scaffbld sttucture of desired poros]ty requ]red for Tissue Engineering app]ications using a nove] apprgach based on the Eused Deposition Modelling (FDM) rapid prototyplng (RP) technology, The scaffb]d provides a temporary biomechanical structure for ceil growth and proliferation to produce the required body Conventional techniques ofsca parts, fTbld fabrication (such as fibre boncling, solvent casting and me]t motding) generate scaffblds with unpredictable pore sizes due to their limitations in flexibility and control of pore volume g:S
The design and manufacturing of porous scaffolds for tissue engineering using rapid prototyping
The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 2005
This research paper addresses the issue of developing an efficient methodology to design and manufacture a complex scaffold structure of desired porosity required for tissue engineering applications using a novel approach based on fused deposition modelling (FDM) rapid prototyping (RP) technology. The scaffold provides a temporary biomechanical structure for cell growth and proliferation to produce the required body parts. Conventional techniques of scaffold fabrication (such as fibre bonding, solvent casting and melt moulding) generate scaffolds with unpredictable pore sizes due to their limitations in flexibility and control of pore volume and distribution. Moreover, such scaffolds have poor mechanical strength and structural stability. The paper describes an FDM pre-processor that ensures the fabrication of scaffolds of desired porosity and inter-connectivity on the FDM system.
Biomedicine, 2020
Introduction and Aim: Rapid prototyping is an advanced fabricating method, where three dimensional objects are built precisely from their three-dimensional computer aided design models in a very short duration. In contrast to traditional machining methods, most of the rapid prototyping techniques tend to fabricate parts based on additive manufacturing process. Fabrication of biomaterial into 3-D scaffold structures is the next vital step in the development of bone implants depending on bone injuries of individual patients, and it is highly demanding among the Indian orthopedic surgeons for treating those bone related defects. Therefore, the need for reliable and economically feasible design, better biomaterials, and efficient fabrication method for scaffold to treat musculoskeletal defects has increased in recent years. Materials and Methods: Investigation of scaffold for porous structured bone implant is a recently emerging field in medicine and is involved in developing artificial...
Modelling and simulation for fabrication of 3D printed polymeric porous tissue scaffolds
Advances in Materials and Processing Technologies, 2020
Mathematical modelling and simulation plays a crucial role in the fabrication of patient-specific three-dimensional (3D) printed porous scaffold implant material. After simulation, the patient-specific 3D scaffold is printed with the desired materials and cells with proper nutrients supply which later on developed in to complete tissue/organ. In this paper, the properties of blood/nutrient flow are studied when it is flows through in vivo chondrocyte cell growth on 3D porous tissue scaffold. Modelling and simulations are performed for the developed chitosan 3D computer-aided design (CAD) porous model. Analysis of blood flow dynamics is done on 3D CAD models of scaffolds using ANSYS 16.0 fluent when blood flowing through their pores. Solution is obtained by performing 1000 iteration. These results are used to calculate loss in the blood vessels and subsequently friction coefficient. After simulation, it has been concluded that chitosan material could be utilised for the regeneration of soft tissue scaffolds and CAD model is 3D printed successfully using layer by layer deposition methods. On 3D printed porous chitosan scaffolds the growth of chondrocytes was observed.