On Effects of Physical Activity Interventions on Early Motor Development in Children with Down Syndrome (original) (raw)
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The Effect of a Physical Exercise Package on the Motor Proficiency of Students with Down Syndrome
Iranian Journal of Pediatrics
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and potential effect of a physical exercise package on the motor proficiency of children and adolescents with Down syndrome. Methods: In this research, an experimental design was conducted in two special schools to evaluate the effectiveness of this package and identify its strengths and weaknesses. Forty students with Down syndrome were selected and randomly divided into intervention and control groups. A total of 36 (22 male and 14 female) students out of 50 at two special schools for children with special needs between October 2020 and March 2021 were recruited for the study. Participants were aged 12.888 ± 2.375 (12.954 ± 2.609 for boys and 12.785 ± 2.044 for girls) years. The 18 students in the intervention group participated in the exercise sessions, 2 or 3 sessions per week for 12 weeks. Pre- and post-tests were performed on both groups. The Physical Exercise Package included the principles of exercise, the...
Scope, 2023
Abstract: Background & need of research: Fine and gross motor skills need attention for children's development in growing age. children with Down syndrome can have difficulties with fine motor skills due to their low tone and/or hypermobility in their hands, wrist, or elbows. Brain gym exercise is an experience to facilitate new learning activities. Brain gym is a great source of personal development to rapid transformation and improves the quality of life. so, there was a need to find out whether brain gym exercisesaffect gross and fine motor functions in children with Down syndrome. Methods: it was an interventional study in which 60 down syndrome children with age 5 to 12 yrs. were randomly divided into 2 groups, group A received brain gym exercise, and group B was a control group. Pre- and post-treatment datawere takenfrom the second edition Test of gross motor development and the functional dexterity Test for gross motor and fine motor respectively. quality of daily activities would bemeasured usinga functional independent measure scale and results correlate with the motor functions of children with Down syndrome. Results: Data were analysed by using SPSS 26. Pre-treatment and post-treatment comparison of TGMD-2 and functional dexterity Test scores between the group and within the group were done by unpaired t-test and paired t-test respectively with a CI level of 95%. The correlation between motor functions and the quality of daily activities wasanalyzed by a persons correlation test. The result shows a significant difference in p-value (P = 0.05). Conclusion: The results of the study concluded that there was a more significant effect of brain gym exercise on gross motor and fine motor functions with improvement in the quality of daily activities of children with down syndrome. Keywords: 1.Brain gym exercise, 2.Down syndrome, 3.Gross motor function, 4.Fine motor function, 5.functional dexterity Test, 6.test for gross motor development second edition (TGMD-2), 7.quality of daily activities
Fundamental motor skill proficiency among 7- to 10-year-old children with Down syndrome
Journal of Physical Therapy Science
The purposes of this study were to assess the fundamental motor skill (FMS) of children with Down syndrome (DS) and to compare their FMS proficiencies to those of chronological age-matched and gender-matched typically developing children (TDC). [Participants and Methods] This cross-sectional study involved a total of 60 participants (30 children with DS and 30 TDC). The FMS proficiency of participants was assessed by using the test of gross motor development, second edition (TGMD-2). The data were analyzed using independent samples t-tests to verify the differences between the two groups and gender. The effect size of Cohen's d was also determined for comparing the two groups. [Results] The results showed that there were significant differences between children with DS and the TDC on locomotor and object control standard scores, and the gross motor quotient (GMQ). However, there were no significant gender-based differences in the locomotor and object control standard scores and the GMQ in both groups. [Conclusion] Based on the current results, the FMS proficiency of children with DS is lower than the TDC. Therefore, a therapeutic intervention program is necessary for children with DS to improve their FMS proficiency.
Physical Activity Patterns in Infants With and Without Down Syndrome
Pediatric Physical Therapy, 2017
Purpose: Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) are at greater risk for obesity than their peers who are developing typically. One factor contributing to an early onset of obesity is low levels of physical activity (PA). However, there is little known regarding PA patterns during infancy. Methods: The purpose of this study was to examine the daily PA patterns in 22 infants developing typically and 11 infants with Down syndrome (aged 1-12 months) using Actigraph GT3X+ (wrist and ankle). Results: No significant differences between groups were identified in PA counts at the ankle. Both groups produced significantly more PA at the wrist than at the ankle and PA counts increased across months in age. Conclusion: This study represents an important first step in establishing baseline PA patterns during infancy.
Effects of Motor Stimulation Programs on Children with Down Syndrome Development
The European Proceedings of Social and Behavioural Sciences, 2017
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 Unported License, permitting all non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Physical Activity Patterns of Youth with Down Syndrome
Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 2012
The purpose of this study was to examine the physical activity patterns of children with Down syndrome. A cross-sectional approach and accelerometry were used to measure the time children with Down syndrome (N = 104) spent in sedentary, light, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. Results indicated that adolescents from ages 14 to 15 years were the most sedentary and spent the least amount of time in light and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. A general trend of decreasing physical activity as children increase in age was found. This trend is similar to that found among typically developing youth. Participants in this study were found to spend a majority of their day engaged in sedentary activities. Results indicate that most participants were not accumulating the recommended 60 minutes of moderate or vigorous physical activity.
The motor development stage is the period in which children explore their motor skills and, depending on the stimulation of the environment and the proposal of tasks, they may achieve a satisfactory global development. Children with Down's Syndrome can achieve satisfactory and even adequate development for their chronological age if they receive the appropriate stimulation, even if late in acquiring motor skills. In adolescence, the work of motor development should be continued with specialized activities such as sports so that the development acquired is maintained and refined. The objective of this article is to present the motor stimulation program developed at the HCFMUSP Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Institute. It is believed that an appropriately structured motor stimulation program for children and adolescents with Down's Syndrome acts as an important means of intervention to provide the proper development of essential and specialized motor skills.
Fine Motor Activities Program to Promote Fine Motor Skills in a Case Study of Down’s Syndrome
Global Journal of Health Science, 2016
Children with Down’s syndrome have developmental delays, particularly regarding cognitive and motor development. Fine motor skill problems are related to motor development. They have impact on occupational performances in school-age children with Down’s syndrome because they relate to participation in school activities, such as grasping, writing, and carrying out self-care duties. This study aimed to develop a fine motor activities program and to examine the efficiency of the program that promoted fine motor skills in a case study of Down’s syndrome. The case study subject was an 8 -year-old male called Kai, who had Down’s syndrome. He was a first grader in a regular school that provided classrooms for students with special needs. This study used the fine motor activities program with assessment tools, which included 3 subtests of the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, second edition (BOT-2) that applied to Upper-limb coordination, Fine motor precision and Manual dexteri...
Quality physical intervention activity for persons with Down syndrome
TheScientificWorldJournal, 2007
Persons with Down syndrome (DS) are at risk for a life of inactivity that can result in a multitude of medical problems including heart and vascular diseases. This review presents findings regarding the physical status of individuals with DS, as well as proper interventions found to improve the physical fitness and general health for this population. This review was written with the intent to suggest practical directions in planning and implementing quality physical intervention programs for this population.