Efficient, Green and Solvent-Free Synthesis of Tetrasubstituted Imidazoles using SbCl3/SiO2 as Heterogeneous Catalyst (original) (raw)
Related papers
Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 2013
SiO 2 -Pr-SO 3 H has been used as an efficient catalyst for an improved and rapid synthesis of 1,2,4,5-tetrasubstituted imidazoles, by four-component, one-pot reaction of 1,2-diketones, aryl aldehydes, ammonium acetate and substituted aromatic amines in excellent yields under solventfree conditions.
Journal of Taibah University for Science, 2014
One-pot cyclo-condensation of benzil, aldehydes, ammonium acetate and primary amines were used to synthesize 2,4,5trisubstituted and 1,2,4,5-tetrasubstituted-1H-imidazole derivatives under microwave irradiation with silica-supported SbCl 3 (SbCl 3 /SiO 2) as a heterogeneous catalyst. The operational simplicity, practicability and applicability of this protocol to various substrates make it an interesting alternative to previous procedures. From the environmental standpoint , this eco-friendly, green catalyst is stable, highly active, easy to prepare and handle.
Chinese Journal of Chemistry, 2011
Phosphorus pentoxide supported on silica gel (P 2 O 5 /SiO 2 ) has been used as an efficient and reusable catalyst for the one-pot pseudo four-component synthesis of 2,4,5-trisubstituted imidazoles from benzil or benzoin, aldehydes, and ammonium acetate. It was also used for four-component preparation of 1,2,4,5-tetrasubstituted imidazoles from benzil or benzoin, aldehydes, primary amine, and ammonium acetate under thermal solvent-free conditions. The remarkable features of this new procedure are high conversions, cleaner reaction, simple experimental and work-up procedures and also the catalyst can be easily separated from the reaction mixture and reused several times without any loss of its activity.
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research., 2023
A facile, highly efficient, simple, and convenient method for synthesizing 2, 4, 5-trisubstituted imidazole derivatives from the condensation of various substituted benzaldehyde, benzil, and ammonium acetate by using a catalytic amount of PEG-SOCl in the presence of water at room temperature or under microwave irradiation. PEG-SOCl is an effective heterogeneous catalyst and easy to separate. We have investigated that PEG-SOCl catalytic system was excellent recycled and reused three times without any loss of catalytic activity. PEG-SOCl act as a green catalyst, low-cost, non-volatile, non-hazardous, environmental friendly catalyst, and water is a green solvent reaction carried out at room temperature or under microwave radiation method shows greater advantages because it has contributed in the green chemistry aspects. The prepared catalyst was analyzed by analytical methods such as infrared spectrum (IR), X-Ray diffraction pattern (XRD), thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), and BET surface analysis. Spectroscopic techniques identified the synthesized pure product (1j), including infra-red (IR) spectrum, 1 H and 13 C NMR spectrum and Mass (LC-MS) spectrometry.