Scientific validation of folk medicinal uses in Bangladesh of Piper betle L . leaves to alleviate pain and lower blood sugar (original) (raw)
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International Journal of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 2016
Piper betle L., popularly known as 'paan,' has been a part of Indian culture since eternity. Piper betle L. belongs to the Piperaceae family and it grows as a slender, aromatic creeper in warm and moist parts of Southern Asia. 1 Apart from being an integral part of the history, religion and culture, ancient medical philosophers have always insisted on the medicinal uses of this commonly used rasayana herb. These medicinal properties have mostly remained unexplored by the modern sciences. The literature has evidence of various beneficial uses of Piper betle L. such as treating bronchitis, difficulty in breathing and cough, inflammation and infections of the respiratory tract viz. cough, dyspnoea, indigestion, diphtheria, and hysteria, general and sexual debility. 2 From the perusal of literature it appears that the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of Piper betle leaves have been less explored and hence was found to be of interest to evaluate these activities of Piper betle leaf extract in experimental models.
Piper betle L. is one of the important plants in the Asiatic region which ranks second to coffee and tea in terms of daily consumption. Though the plant is known for abuse, in recent years several reports have been published on the effects of the plant extract and chemical constituents on different biological activities in vitro and in vivo. The leaf extract, fractions and purified compounds are found to play a role in oral hygiene, anti-diabetic, cardiovascular, anti-inflammatory/ immunomodulatory, anti-ulcer, hepato-protective and anti-infective, etc. Patents were also awarded for some of the biological activities like anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and immunomodulatory associated with leaf extracts and purified compounds. The active compounds isolated from leaf and other parts are hydroxychavicol, hydroxylchavicol acetate, allypyrocatechol, chavibetol, piperbetol, methylpiperbetol, piperol A and piperol B. Phenol-rich leaves of P. betle show high antioxidant activities. A number of biologically active compounds from P. betle have potential for use as medicines, neutraceuticals and industrial compounds. Since the traditional use of P. betle involves chewing, it offers possibilities of use in drug delivery through buccal mucosa bypassing the gastric route.
Ethno-Medicinal Uses of Piper betel─ A Review
2021
Herbal medicines are widely used as alternative treatments for various chronic diseases. They have proved to be of immense importance in treating many diseases and conditions. These medicines have potential to decrease the side effects of other drugs. In this regard Betel vine (Piper betel) leaves are known for its medicinal properties since long. It is a cash crop for many under developed Southeast Asian countries and therefore also known as “Green Gold and Green Heart" in those countries, as many people cultivate this crop to meet their both ends. The contemporary world approves its several medicinal properties as the growth of knowledge in this regard is unprecedented. The objective here is to reveal the potential effect of this plant against different diseases. Along with its tradomedicinal uses which signify its tremendous potential, it is also used towards cure of many antimicrobial ailments of great concern. The leaf extract and purified compounds are found to play a vit...
General neuropharmacological studies of piper betel leaves on mice
International journal of health sciences
The Piper betelplant is an evergreen and perennial creeper which is used in several traditional medicines to cure various diseases. The liquid extract of the plant has been used traditionally in curing inflammationand infection of the respiratory tract, cough, dyspnoea, indigestion,diphtheria, hysteria as well as general and sexual debility. The Indian traditional system ofmedicine has identified the Piper betelleaves with digestive and pancreatic lipasestimulant activities. In the present study, 14-day subacute toxicity assays were carried out.The crude extract did not produce toxic symptoms in mice in dose up to 2000mg/kg. This was also contirmed by hematological and histopathology examination.Piper betelshowed hypotensive, cardiac, and respiratory depressant effectssmooth and skeletal muscles relaxant actions, antimicrobial, fungicidal,and nematocidal activity.Piper betel leaves extract contains large number of bioactive molecule like polyphenol, alkaloids, steroids, saponin, and...
African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines, 2013
'Khoyer' is prepared by boiling the wood of Acacia catechu in water and then evaporating the resultant brew. The resultant hard material is powdered and chewed with betel leaves and lime with or without tobacco by a large number of the people of Bangladesh as an addictive psycho-stimulating and euphoria-inducing formulation. There are folk medicinal claims that khoyer helps in the relief of pain and is also useful to diabetic patients to maintain normal sugar levels. Thus far no scientific studies have evaluated the antihyperglycemic and antinociceptive effects of khoyer. The present study was carried out to evaluate the possible glucose tolerance efficacy of methanolic extracts of khoyer using glucose-induced hyperglycemic mice, and antinociceptive effects with acetic acid-induced gastric pain models in mice. In antihyperglycemic activity tests, the extract at different doses was administered one hour prior to glucose administration and blood glucose level was measured after two hours of glucose administration (p.o.) using glucose oxidase method. The statistical data indicated the significant oral hypoglycemic activity on glucose-loaded mice at all doses of the extracts tested. Maximum anti-hyperglycemic activity was shown at 400 mg extract per kg body weight, which was less than that of a standard drug, glibenclamide (10 mg/kg body weight). In antinociceptive activity tests, the extract also demonstrated a dose-dependent significant reduction in the number of writhing induced in mice through intraperitoneal administration of acetic acid. Maximum antinociceptive activity was observed at a dose of 400 mg extract per kg body weight, which was greater than that of a standard antinociceptive drug, aspirin, when administered at a dose of 400 mg per kg body weight. The results validate the folk medicinal use of the plant for reduction of blood sugar in diabetic patients, as well as the folk medicinal use for alleviation of pain.
Indian Journal of Pharmacology, 2013
Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the peripheral analgesic effect of Piper betle leaf extract (PBE) along with establishing its putative mechanism of action. Materials and Methods: Male Swiss albino mice after pre-treatment (1 h) with different doses of PBE were injected 0.8% (v/v) acetic acid i.p.; the onset and number of writhes were noted up to 15 min. To evaluate the mechanism of action, the murine peritoneal exudate was incubated with PBE for 1 h, followed by exposure to arachidonic acid (AA) and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured by flow cytometry using 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate. Results: PBE in a dose dependent manner significantly reduced acetic acid induced writhing response in mice (P < 0.001). In peritoneal exudates, PBE significantly inhibited AA induced generation of ROS, P < 0.01. Conclusions: The present study indicates that PBE has promising analgesic activity, worthy of future pharmacological consideration.
African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines, 2013
Amaranthus tricolor whole plants are used by folk medicinal practitioners of Bangladesh for treatment of pain, anaemia, dysentery, skin diseases, diabetes, and as a blood purifier. Thus far, no scientific studies have evaluated the antihyperglycaemic and antinociceptive effects of the plant. The present study was carried out to evaluate the possible glucose tolerance efficacy of methanolic extracts of A. tricolour whole plants using glucose-induced hyperglycaemic mice, and antinociceptive effects with acetic acid-induced gastric pain models in mice. In antihyperglycaemic activity tests, the extract at different doses was administered one hour prior to glucose administration and blood glucose level was measured after two hours of glucose administration (p.o.) using glucose oxidase method. The statistical data indicated the significant oral hypoglycaemic activity on glucose-loaded mice at all doses of the extracts tested. Maximum antihyperglycaemic activity was shown at 400 mg extract per kg body weight, which was comparable to that of a standard drug, glibenclamide (10 mg/kg body weight). In antinociceptive activity tests, the extract also demonstrated a dose-dependent significant reduction in the number of writhings induced in mice through intraperitoneal administration of acetic acid. Maximum antinociceptive activity was observed at a dose of 400 mg extract per kg body weight, which compared favourably with that of a standard antinociceptive drug, aspirin, when administered at a dose of 200 mg per kg body weight. The results validate the folk medicinal use of the plant for reduction of blood sugar in diabetic patients as well as the folk medicinal use for alleviation of pain. The results suggest that this plant may possess further potential for scientific studies leading to possible discovery of efficacious antihyperglycaemic and antinociceptive components.
Medicinal potential of pteridophytes -an antihyperglycemic and antinociceptive activity evaluation of methanolic extract of whole plants of Christella dentata ABSTRACT Not much has been reported on the medicinal values of pteridophytes (fern and fern allies). Yet, a number of ferns are used in folk medicinal system and by various tribes of the Indian sub-continent (inclusive of Bangladesh) for medicinal purposes. Christella dentata is one such fern used by the folk medicinal practitioners of Bangladesh for treatment of diabetes (to lower high blood sugar levels) and for treatment of pain. It was of interest to determine whether folk medicinal uses of this fern species can be validated through modern scientific methods. Accordingly, antihyperglycemic activity evaluation of methanolic extract of whole fern was carried out through oral glucose tolerance tests in glucose-loaded Swiss albino mice. In parallel, antinociceptive activity of methanolic extract of whole ferns was evaluated in gastric pain model Swiss albino mice, where gastric pain was induced by intraperitoneal administration of acetic acid. The methanolic extract, in antihyperglycemic activity evaluation experiments, demonstrated dose-dependent significant lowering of blood sugar levels when orally administered to glucose-challenged mice at doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg per kg body weight. At these doses, the extract significantly lowered blood sugar levels by 48.02, 49.44 and 54.52%, respectively, when compared to control mice (i.e. mice administered vehicle only). The results obtained from the extract compare favorably with the result obtained with a standard antihyperglycemic drug, glibenclamide, which when administered orally at a dose of 10 mg per kg body weight, lowered blood sugar levels by 52.40%. In antinociceptive activity tests, the extract at doses of 50, 100, 200 and 400 mg per kg body weight lowered the number of gastric pain-induced writhings in mice by 42.84, 47.00, 48.96 and 51.04%, respectively. The reduction in the number of gastric writhings was both dose-dependent and statistically significant. By comparison, a standard antinociceptive drug, aspirin, reduced the number of writhings in mice by 51.04 and 67.32%, respectively, when orally administered at doses of 200 and 400 mg per kg body weight. The results not only validates the folk medicinal use of this plant for lowering of blood sugar and alleviation of pain, but also suggests that fern species should not be overlooked in the quest for discovery of newer and more efficacious drugs.
African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines, 2013
Amaranthus tricolor whole plants are used by folk medicinal practitioners of Bangladesh for treatment of pain, anaemia, dysentery, skin diseases, diabetes, and as a blood purifier. Thus far, no scientific studies have evaluated the antihyperglycaemic and antinociceptive effects of the plant. The present study was carried out to evaluate the possible glucose tolerance efficacy of methanolic extracts of A. tricolour whole plants using glucose-induced hyperglycaemic mice, and antinociceptive effects with acetic acid-induced gastric pain models in mice. In antihyperglycaemic activity tests, the extract at different doses was administered one hour prior to glucose administration and blood glucose level was measured after two hours of glucose administration (p.o.) using glucose oxidase method. The statistical data indicated the significant oral hypoglycaemic activity on glucose-loaded mice at all doses of the extracts tested. Maximum antihyperglycaemic activity was shown at 400 mg extract per kg body weight, which was comparable to that of a standard drug, glibenclamide (10 mg/kg body weight). In antinociceptive activity tests, the extract also demonstrated a dose-dependent significant reduction in the number of writhings induced in mice through intraperitoneal administration of acetic acid. Maximum antinociceptive activity was observed at a dose of 400 mg extract per kg body weight, which compared favourably with that of a standard antinociceptive drug, aspirin, when administered at a dose of 200 mg per kg body weight. The results validate the folk medicinal use of the plant for reduction of blood sugar in diabetic patients as well as the folk medicinal use for alleviation of pain. The results suggest that this plant may possess further potential for scientific studies leading to possible discovery of efficacious antihyperglycaemic and antinociceptive components.