KANUMAS MET/ICE/OCEAN Overview Report 2011 - East Greenland (original) (raw)

2011

https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.15071.97448

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Abstract

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AI

This report presents an updated overview of weather, ice, and oceanographic conditions around Greenland, focusing on recent and projected conditions in license areas off the northeast and northwest coasts. It includes data on ice types, thickness, and extent using various observational methods and highlights significant trends and environmental changes in the Arctic region as of mid-2011.

Ice Properties In the Greenland and Barents Seas During Summer

Journal of Glaciology, 1983

AHSTR ACT. The analysis of sea-ice cores from three summer field operatio ns to the European Arctic is reported, and the ice pro perties are related to general conditions of ice distribution , thickness, and ridging in the experimental areas. The operations were in 1978 and 1979 to the Kon g Oscars Fjord area of East Greenland (about lat. 72° N.) and in 1980 to the Barents Sea, Fram Strait, and the Arctic Ocean north of Svalbard ancj Zernlya Frantsa 10sifa on the Swedish Ymer-80 expedition. Salinity profiles show the effect on multi-yea r floe s of a year's additional confinement in a fj ord, the effect of a month 's desalinati on (July to Au gust) on fir st-yea r and multi-year ice, and the difference between first-year and multi-year ice at the end of the melt season. The average salinity as a function of ice thickness agrees rea sonably well with the resu lts of Cox and Week s (1974). Temperature, den sity, pH , and ioni c composition res ults are also reported. and the effect of brine volume on dielectric constant di sc ussed. R ESUME. Proprietes de la glace au Groenland et dan s la mer de Barentz durant l'ete. On rappo rte les resultats de I'anal yse de carottes de mer de glace a partir de troi s operations d'ete sur le terrain dans I'arctique europeen, et les proprietes de la glace so nt mi ses en rapport avec les conditions generales de la di stributi o n de glace, leur epaisseur et leur reli ef dans la zone exploree. Les operations eurent lieu en 1978 et 1979 dans la zone du Kong O scars Fjord du Groenland oriental (environ lat. 72° N.) et en 1980 dan s la mer de Barentz, it Fram D etroit et l' Ocean Arct ique au nord de Svalbard et de la Zeml ya Frantsa Iosifa lors de I'expedition suedoise Ymer-80. Des profil s de salinite montrent I'effet sur des glaces flottantes pluri-annuelles d' une an nee supplementaire de confinement dan s un fjord; I'effet de la baisse annuelle de salinite (juillet et aout) sur la glace de premiere annee et sur la glace pluri-annuelle; et les differences entre la glace de premiere a nn ee et la glace pluri-annuelle a la fi n de la saison de fu sion. La salinite moyenne en fonction de I'epaisseur de la glace concorde raisonnablement bien avec les resultats de Cox et Weeks (i 974). La temperature, la densite, le pH et les resultats de I'analy se ionique so nt egalement rapportes et I'o n di scute I'effet du volume de la sa umure sur la constante dielectrique. Z USA MM ENFASSUNG. Eigenschaften des Meereises in der Granland-und Barenlssee wahrend des Sommers. Es wird iiber die Analyse der Meereiskerne aus drei Sommerkampagnen in der europaischen Arktis berichtet. Die Eigenschaften des Eises werden zu den allgemeinen Bedingungen der Verteilung, Dicke und Riikenbildun g des Eises im Untersuchungsgebiet in Beziehung gebracht. Die Kampagnen erstreckten sich 1978 und 1979 auf das Gebiet des Kong Oscars Fjord in Ost-Gronland (etwa 72° N .) und 1980 auf die Barentssee, die Fram-Strasse llnd den Arktischen Ozean nordlich von Svalbard und Zemlya Frantsa Iosifa im Rahmen der schwedischen Ymer-80-Expedition. Profile des Salzgehaltes zeifen an vieljahrigen Schollen den Effekt eines einjahrigen Einschlusses in einen Fjord den Effekt einer einmonatigen (Ju1i-August) Entsa1zung an ein-und vieljahrigen Eis und den Unterschied zwischen ein-und vieljahrigen Eis am Ende der Schme1zperiode. Der mittlere Salzgehalt als Funktion der Eisdicke stimmt recht gut mit den Ergebnissen von Cox und Weeks (1974) iiberein. Ergebnisse der Mess ungen von Temperatur, Dichte, pH-Wert und 10nen-Zusammensetz ung werden ebenfalls mitgeteilt; der Einfluss des Sole-Volumen s auf die Dielektrizitiitsko nstante wird di skutiert.

A comparison between multi-proxy and historical data (AD 1990-1840) of drift-ice conditions on the East Greenland shelf (~66°N)

The reduction in sea ice along the SE Greenland coast during the last century has severely impacted ice-rafting to this area. In order to reconstruct ice-rafting and oceanographic conditions in the area of Denmark Strait during the last ~150 yr we conducted a multi-proxy study on three short (20 cm) sediment cores from outer Kangerdlugssuaq Though (~300m water depth). The proxy-based data obtained has been compared with historical and instrumental data to gain a better understanding of the ice sheet-ocean interactions in the area. A robust chronology has been developed based on 210Pb and 137Cs measurements on core PO175GKC#9 (~66.2°N, 32°W) and expanded to the two adjacent cores based on correlations between calcite weight% records. Our proxy records include sea ice and phytoplankton biomarkers, and a variety of mineralogical determinations based on the <2 mm sediment fraction, including identification with quantitative X-ray diffraction, ice-rafted debris counts on the 63-150 µm sand fraction, and source identifications based on the composition of Fe oxides in the 45-250 µm fraction. A multivariate statistical analysis indicated significant correlations between our proxy records and historical data, especially with the mean annual temperature data from Stykkisholmur (Iceland) and the storis index (historical observations of sea ice export via the East Greenland Current). In particular, the biological proxies (calcite wt%, IP25, and TOC%) showed significant linkage with the storis index. Our records show two distinct intervals in the recent history of the SE Greenland coast. The first of these (AD 1850-1910) shows predominantly perennial sea ice conditions in the area, while the second (AD 1910-1990) shows more seasonally open water conditions.

NARP Network - Nordic Arctic Research Network for oceanography, marine meteorology and sea ice. Final report

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), 2002

This report gives an overview of the atmospheric, sea ice and ocean conditions in the Nordic region, including the Baltic Sea, Greenland and Icelandic Waters, the Northern Sea Route and the Nordic Seas, with a focus on how ship traffic is affected and needs updated information to plan and conduct navigation more safely and efficiently. The use of models and observing networks in monitoring and forecasting of sea ice in two regions, the Baltic Sea and Greenland Waters, is described. Main products available from each of these ice services are listed. The role of satellite data in sea ice monitoring is then discussed in general terms, outlining how new high-resolution image data can be used in an operational context. A system for distribution of met-ice-ocean data and information via Internet and other communication networks (e.g. satellite or mobile phone) is described, and examples of how such products can be delivered in real time shown. This system has been developed during an EC-funded project IWICOS (Integrated Weather, Sea Ice and Ocean Service System).

Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland Bulletin 38, 2017, 61-64

2017

The sedimentary record of the glaciated margins of the North Atlantic holds evidence of past ice-sheet activity, and reflects spatial and temporal variations in the ice– ocean–climate interaction as well as the influence of tectonic processes. Furthermore, the record of cross-shelf ice sheets provides a direct link between the continental ice cover and the deep ocean, a relevant issue in the context of climate research. With a four-year funding period, a Marie Curie Initial Training Network on the Glaciated North Atlantic Margins (GLANAM) was started in the spring 2013. The network involved international partners from both academia and industry and enrolled 15 young scientists working in different areas of the North Atlantic margins. The Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland was partner in the network, leading the Greenland margin research and hosting three fellows. One of the main topics of the GLANAM project was to investigate the impact of the ice sheets on the large-scale e...

The development of the Odden ice tongue in the Greenland Sea during winter 1993 from remote sensing and field observations

Journal of Geophysical Research, 1996

The Odden ice tongue in the central Greenland Sea, believed to be associated with midgyre convection, developed prominently during the winter of 1993 (January-April). During this period it was studied by a succession of cruises which formed part of the European Subpolar Ocean Programme and which included direct sampling and measurement of the frazil and pancake ice which constituted the material of the ice tongue as well as studies of the ocean structure. Passive microwave imagery was used to determine the evolution of Odden through the winter and, when combined with ERS 1 synthetic aperture radar studies and the field data, yielded estimates of ice extent and thickness through the winter. From these studies it was possible to estimate the salt flux into the ocean originating from brine release from sea ice during the growth phases of Odden.

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Environmental Conditions off West Greenland, 1980-85

Journal of Northwest Atlantic Fishery Science, 1989

The observations and changes in the hydrographic parameters temperature, salinity and oxygen during the 1980s off West Greenland are described and discussed in the light of a climatic cooling, which occupied the Davis Strait area during the period 1982-84. The analysis which includes time-series data from 1963 has revealed great negative anomalies in the temperaturesalinity characteristic due to the atmospheric influence, which has led to changes in the circulation pattern as well as the sea ice distribution in the Davis Strait.

Investigations of past climate and sea-ice variability in the fjord area by Station Nord, eastern North Greenland

Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS) Bulletin

The marine record of the Independence–Danmark fjord system extending out to the Wandel Hav in eastern North Greenland (Fig. 1A) is little known due to the almost perennial sea-ice cover, which makes the region inaccessible for research vessels (Nørgaard-Pedersen et al. 2008), and only a few depth measurements have been conducted in the area. In 2015, the Villum Research Station, a new logistic base for scientific investigations, was opened at Station Nord. In contrast to the early exploration of the region, it is now possible to observe and track the seasonal character and changes of ice in the fjord system and the Arctic Ocean through remote sensing by satellite radar systems. Satellite data going back to the early 1980s show that the outer part of the Independence–Danmark fjord system is characterised by perennial sea ice whereas both the southern part of the fjord system and an area 20–30 km west of Station Nord are partly ice free during late summer (Fig. 1B). Hence, marine-orie...

Climatic conditions around Greenland - 2005

2006

The pattern of sea level atmospheric pressure over the North Atlantic during winter 2007/2008 indicated one distinct negative pressure anomaly cell, located off East Greenland. A weak positive anomaly cell was located in the western Atlantic area, a strong positive anomaly cell stretched from the Tyrrhenian Sea in the west, to the Caspian Sea in the east. As a consequence of this pattern, the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index for the winter 2007/2008 was positive (+0.65). Air temperature climatic conditions around Greenland are still warmer-than-normal, although the mean annual temperature anomaly amounted to only +0.3K. The climatic conditions at Nuuk are inconsistent with the NAO index (positive index = cold climate). Warmer-than-normal conditions were observed around Greenland during most of the year 2008, except for January and February. During the end of January, Greenland was surrounded by sea ice. Based on satellite derived ice charts for all months of 2008 it is shown t...

The Arctic

Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 2020

Exceptional ocean surface conditions on the SE Greenland shelf during the Medieval Climate Anomaly

Paleoceanography, 2015

Diatom inferred 2900 year long records of August sea surface temperature (aSST) and April sea ice concentration (aSIC) are generated from a marine sediment core from the SE Greenland shelf with a special focus on the interval ca. 870-1910 Common Era (C.E.) reconstructed in subdecadal temporal resolution. The Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA) between 1000 and 1200 C.E. represents the warmest ocean surface conditions of the SE Greenland shelf over the late Holocene (880 B.C.E. (before the Common Era) to 1910 C.E.). It was characterized by abrupt, decadal to multidecadal changes, such as an abrupt warming of 2.4°C in 55 years around 1000 C.E. Temperature changes of these magnitudes are rare on the North Atlantic proxy data. Compared to regional air temperature reconstructions, our results indicate a lag of about 50 years in ocean surface warming either due to increased freshwater discharge from the Greenland ice sheet or intensified sea ice export from the Arctic as a response to atmospheric warming at the beginning of the MCA. A cool phase, from 1200-1890 C.E., associated with the Little Ice Age, ends with the rapid warming of aSST and diminished aSIC in the early twentieth century. The results show that the periods of warm aSST and aSIC minima are coupled with solar minima suggesting that solar forcing possibly amplified by atmospheric forcing have been behind the variability of surface conditions on the SE Greenland over the last millennium.