IJSRST162117 | Effects of Macro and Micro Minerals on Reproduction in Dairy Cattle A Review (original) (raw)
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Mineral an Important Nutrient for Efficient Reproductive Health in Dairy Cattle
2017
Apart from energy and protein, mineral constitutes a major role in production and reproduction of animals. Deficiencies of certain mineral elements may cause reproductive disorders as minerals play an important role in health and reproduction of the livestock. Infertility and reproductive disorders has emerged as an important problem in our livestock population. Adequate supplementation of minerals depends on age, stage of pregnancy and lactation. Macro minerals and trace minerals are equally important as they take part in formation of structural component of body and proper functioning of enzymes, hormones, vitamins and cells. Mineral deficiency and toxicity is area specific. Minerals have beneficial or detrimental effects on animal physiological wellbeing, depending on its balance.
The Interactions of Some Minerals Elements in Health and Reproductive Performance of Dairy Cows
IntechOpen eBooks, 2022
The dairy business is recognized as an important economic and nutritional resource. The food and agriculture organization (FAO) estimates that there are about 245 million dairy cows in the world. Milk production offers enormous health, sociological, and economic benefits around the world. In emerging economies, livestock serves a range of purposes, including providing a source of household income, a financial asset for women, food security, risk management, and a direct connection to human health. With a total value of $628.27 billion USD in 2018, the dairy industry provides a major economic impact. The dairy business supports over a million employment, either directly or indirectly. In terms of public health, the dairy business plays a role. While dairy products are a beneficial part of a balanced diet, zoonotic and food-borne diseases originating in dairy animals can be dangerous to humans. Milk production performance in emerging countries is poor. Non-infectious infertility in dairy cattle is most commonly caused by energy, protein, and mineral deficiencies. According to the current review, minerals, play an essential role in animal production and reproduction issues. This chapter discusses the linkages of several mineral elements in health and reproductive performance that affects the dairy industry.
Role of macro minerals (Ca, p) in reproductive health of infertile crossbred cattle
International Journal of Chemical Studies, 2020
Reproduction is the important productive parameter which affects the profitability of dairy industry. Micro minerals play an important role in animal's reproductive physiology and its imbalance causes various problems leading to lowered reproductive efficiency. Therefore, adequate trace minerals supplementation and its absorption are required for various metabolic functions including reproduction and growth. Often correcting an imbalance in mineral levels may improve the reproductive performance, fertility and health of the animals. The present study shows total 24 infertile crossbred cows were selected to induce oestrus taken for correction of anoestrosity with incorporated mineral. Total 8 out of 24 animals exhibited oestrus symptom after the treatment. Among the animals received incorporated mineral (treatment group) 50% showed the oestrus symptoms. Among the animals under control 16.66% came into heat.
Minerals and its impact on fertility of livestock: A review
Agricultural Reviews, 2016
Minerals are essential for growth and reproduction of the livestock. The deficiency of the macro and micro minerals have a great impact on animal’s reproductive physiology and its imbalance causes various problems leading to lowered reproductive efficiency. Adequate minerals supplementation is required as most of the roughages, greens, concentrate and even most of commercial feeds are deficient in trace mineral elements. The best recommendation at present is to provide a feeding program for productive animals which is balanced for all minerals and meets all known requirements.
Journal of Dairy Science, 2008
Two hundred fifty multiparous and primiparous cows were assigned to a study at approximately 70 d prepartum to determine the effect of trace mineral source on lactation performance, claw integrity, and fertility. Cows received treatments from 3 wk prepartum through wk 35 postpartum. Treatments consisted of 1) all supplemental Zn, Mn, Cu, and Co provided in sulfate form (Sulfate) and 2) 360 mg of Zn, 200 mg of Mn, 125 mg of Cu, and 12 mg of Co supplied daily by Sulfate minerals replaced with similar amounts of minerals supplied by Availa-4 (CTM). Individuals involved with daily animal care or data recording, or both, were blinded to treatment assignments. Cows from all treatments were housed in common pens, and treatments were dispensed to cows via a computerized feeder. All claws of cows were examined before treatment administration and at 16 and 36 wk postpartum by personnel trained in identifying claw lesions. Cows fed the CTM diet tended to produce more milk and energy-corrected milk than cows fed the Sulfate diet. Cows fed the CTM diet also produced more milk protein and solids (fat + protein) than cows fed the Sulfate diet. Replacing Sulfate minerals with those supplied by CTM decreased incidence of sole ulcers at wk 36 postpartum and tended to decrease incidence of interdigital dermatitis at wk 16 and 36 postpartum. Severity of heel erosion tended to be less for cows fed CTM than cows receiving the Sulfate diet. Despite first service conception rates tending to be greater for cows fed the Sulfate diet, there was no effect of treatment on rate of conception. A greater percentage of cows fed the Sulfate diet tended to be culled from the herd before wk 36 postpartum than cows fed the CTM diet. Replacing Sulfate minerals with CTM resulted in improved lactation performance and claw integrity.
Reproduction in Domestic Animals, 2020
Globally, contribution of livestock production has a significant influence on agricultural growth (Randolph et al., 2007). Nutrient requirements increase as the pregnancy progresses and failure to account for nutritional demands during this period can affect reproductive performance and foetal growth (Caldow & Riddell, 2015). Minerals, in particular, are greatly essential, as any alteration in supply during gestation can predispose cows to reproductive failure (Andrieu, 2008; Griffiths, Loeffler, Socha, Tomlinson, & Johnson, 2007). In mammals, reproductive needs for minerals are commonly consistent with the foetal, conception product (i.e. foetal fluid, uterus and placenta) and mineral content (Suttle, 2010). Deficiencies in calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, copper, selenium, zinc and manganese have been associated with occurrences of hypocalcaemia, retained placenta, abortion, dystocia, vaginal
The Effect of Trace Mineral Fortification Level and Source on Performance of Dairy Cattle
Journal of Dairy Science, 2006
Five hundred seventy-three cows, balanced by parity and 305-d mature equivalent at dry off, were assigned to 1 of 4 treatments: 1) 75% complexed trace minerals (CTM; 75C): Zn, Mn, Cu, and Co supplied at 75% of NRC (2001) guidelines by Zn-, Mn-, and Cu-specific AA complexes, and cobalt glucoheptonate; 2) 100% inorganic (100I): Zn, Mn, Cu, and Co supplied at 100% of NRC (2001) requirements by sulfate sources; 3) 100% complexed (100C): Zn, Mn, Cu, and Co supplied at 100% of NRC (2001) requirements by CTM; and 4) complexed/ inorganic (C/I): Zn and Cu supplied at 100% of NRC (2001) requirements using a combination of CTM and sulfates and Co and Mn supplied with sources at 9.1 and 3.3 times NRC (2001) requirements using a combination of CTM and sulfates. All percentages of Zn, Cu, Mn, and Co relative to NRC (2001) reflect supplemental contributions and do not include basal diet contributions. Experimental periods were dry period 1, full lactation 1, dry period 2, and 200 d into the subsequent lactation. Reproductive, health, and production information was collected during both lactations. Claw evaluations were conducted at trial start, 150 d into lactation 1, at the end of lactation 1, and 150 d into lactation 2. During lactation 1, C/I cows produced more milk, fatcorrected milk, energy-corrected milk, and fat than 100I cows. During lactation 2, yields of milk, fat-corrected milk, energy-corrected milk, fat, and protein were higher for 100C and C/I cows than for 75C or 100I cows. Fat percentage was highest for 100C cows with no treatment effect on protein content. During lactations 1 and 2, C/I cows had fewer days to first estrus than cows receiving the other treatments. During lactation 2, C/ I cows had fewer services per conception and days open. There were no significant effects of treatment on health. White line separation incidence was lower for 100I cows than 75C cows, whereas heel erosion was higher for the 100I cows than for the C/I cows. Fortification of trace
Importance of micro minerals in reproductive performance of livestock
Veterinary World, 2011
Micro minerals have a great impact on animal's reproductive physiology and its imbalance causes various problems leading to lowered reproductive efficiency and resultant monetary loss to the dairy industry. Adequate micro minerals supplementation is required as most of the roughages, greens, concentrates and even most of commercial feeds available to Indian market are deficient in trace mineral elements. Often correcting an imbalance in mineral levels can sole a nagging problem by improving reproductive performance and health with little additional cost. As terrain and agro climatic area of India is quite diverse, so one therapeutic treatment may not be suitable for other regions. Hence there is a need to map of the various nutrient status in soil, fodder and animal, so that accordingly an area specific mineral may me supplemented.