Breastfeeding practices and its determinants: a descriptive cross sectional study in Aligarh (original) (raw)
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Journal of Medical Science And clinical Research, 2018
Background: Breast feeding is the best documented feed for the infant during the initial six months of life. It is essential for child's optimal growth and development and also reduces the incidence of diarrhoea and pneumonia among infants. All around the world, breast feeding is associated with myths, superstitions and various cultural, religious and traditional practices, especially in poor developing countries. Poor feeding during early life increases risk of morbidity and mortality in later years and affects cognitive functioning as well. Methodology: A community based cross sectional study was conducted from June 2016 to December 2016 in which a total of 200 mothers who had given birth within last one year were selected by systematic sampling method. The mothers were interviewed regarding breast feeding practices of their infants using structured pre tested questionnaire. Data regarding socio-demographic profile, birth history of the child and breast feeding practices was also collected. Results: In the study, mean age of the participants was 28.66 years, 75% were illiterate, 73% belonged to joint families and 29% of the infants belonged to the age group of 3-6 months. The prevalence of exclusively breast fed infants was 38.5% and the most common reason for such a low percentage of exclusively breastfed infants was usage of pre-lacteal feed (94.3%). Conclusion: The prevalence of exclusively breast fed infants was low in the study area which could be attributed to the use of prelacteal feed soon after the birth of the child. The reason for the use of prelacteal feed at the time of the birth of the child is because of the prevalent socio religious factors in the area.
International Journal of Medical Science and Public Health, 2015
Breastfeeding being economical and capable of preventing diseases and allergies is the best nutrition. Breastfeeding is best for gaining weight and reducing chances of infections as compared to top feeds. Children who get mothers' milk grow better with better scholastic performance and have optimal gut development [2]. Breastfeeding is essential for developing countries where malnutrition is prevalent and hygienic conditions are poor. The repeated infection causes diarrhea and recurrent respiratory infections, leading to high infant mortality. In ancient time, breastfeeding was the only source of feeding of newborn, but during industrialization, urbanization and modernization, this practice has gradually declined [3]. Early and exclusive breastfeeding is now recognized as one of the most effective interventions for child survival particularly to address morbidity and mortality related to three Background: Breastfeeding practices remain poor even though efforts are being made to improve various aspects and promote exclusive breastfeeding. The current study was undertaken to find out knowledge and practice of breastfeeding among lactating mothers. Objectives: Find out knowledge and practice of breastfeeding and various factors influencing it in postnatal mothers. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was done on lactating mothers attending the postnatal care OPD in a tertiary care center in Bhopal. A pretested structured questionnaire was used to obtain data from 1000 mothers. Information regarding participants' demographics, infant feeding in first 6 months of life, knowledge, and attitude toward breastfeeding was collected. Results: Exclusive breastfeeding was practiced by only 33% mothers, whereas mixed feeding was found to be common (53%). It was found that age of the mother, education of mother, income of the family, parity, and availing antenatal care services (p < 0.0001) were all significantly associated with the practice of breastfeeding. Conclusion: Exclusive breastfeeding was found to be poor in the study group even though the knowledge regarding various aspects of breastfeeding was not very poor.
Breastfeeding Practices among Mothers at Birth and at 6 Months in Urban Areas of Delhi-Ncr, India
2020
The objective of the present was to potray the breastfeeding practices followed by breastfeeding mothers, at birth and at 6 months, in urban areas of Delhi-National Capital Region. For this, 185 dyads of motherinfant aged 6 months were selected from Pediatric Outpatient Department of a government and a private hospital. A questionnaire-cum-interview was designed to collect the participants’ information on breastfeeding practices. It was found that only 29.7% infants had early initiation of breastfeeding despite the high (78.9%) institutional deliveries. Around 40.5% infants were given feeds apart from breast milk, mainly infant formula (81.3%) at the hospital after birth. There were 13% infants who received pre-lacteal feeds, mainly as a traditional family custom. The practice of exclusive breastfeeding for first six months was followed by 62.2% mothers. Complementary feeding or top feeding was received by 71.9% infants, but only 45.1% mothers initiated complementary foods at the re...
National Journal of Community Medicine, 2018
Introduction: Breast milk is an ideal food that serves as a complete source of infant nutrition. Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) is defined as infant receives no other food or drink, not even water, except breast milk (including milk expressed or from a wet nurse) for 6 months of life, but allows to receive ORS, drops and medicinal syrups (vitamins, minerals and medicines). The study aimed to find out prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding and its socio demographic determinants. Methodology: Study has been conducted in the Immuno Prophylaxis Clinic of a tertiary care hospital. All infants aged 6 months – 12 months have been included in the study. Data has been collected from mothers of infants with the help of semi structured questionnaire. Results: Early Initiation of breastfeeding was done by 55% of mothers, while 29.4% mothers gave pre-lacteal feeds. Only 59.4% of mothers exclusively breastfed their infants for first 6 months of life. The study revealed factors positively associated with EBF such as higher maternal educational level, moderate maternal age (25 - 29 yrs.), and middle socio economic status. No association was found with maternal employment and family size in this study. Conclusion: The findings from present study highlight the importance of educating and counselling mothers on specifically about exclusive breastfeeding practices.
International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health, 2016
Under any circumstances, breast milk is the ideal food for the infant. No other food is required by the baby until 6 months after birth. Feeding the baby exclusively on breast milk, without any other source of nutrition for a period of 6 months is called exclusive breast feeding. 1 A child who is breast fed has greater chances of survival than a child artificially fed. The data suggests that infant mortality rates in developing countries are 5-10 times higher among children who have not been breast fed or have been breast fed for less than 6 months. 2 Despite the ABSTRACT Background: Feeding the baby exclusively on breast milk, without any other source of nutrition for a period of 6 months is called exclusive breast feeding. A child who is breast fed has greater chances of survival than a child artificially fed. The data suggests that infant mortality rates in developing countries are 5-10 times higher among children who have not been breast fed or have been breast fed for less than 6 months. Despite the marked advantages of breast feeding, its popularity has declined significantly in many parts of the world including India. The main objectives were (1) to assess breastfeeding practices prevalent amongst lactating mothers; (2) to identify misconceptions regarding failure to adopt exclusive breast feeding and weaning; (3) To counsel and motivate mothers for exclusive breastfeeding. Methods: Mixed methods study (qualitative cum quantitative). 60 lactating mothers were interviewed and their knowledge and awareness on breast feeding was assessed through a pre-designed, semi-open questionnaire. Focused Group Discussions (FGD) were also conducted among Lactating Mothers, their Mothers or Mother in laws at Anganwadi centers of selected sites. Results: 63.34% mothers did colostrum feeding. Only 45% of them breastfed exclusively. 48.33% gave prelacteal feeds like honey and water. LSCS was major cause of delayed initiation of breastfeeding. Many agreed regarding non supportive attitude from family. Majority of mothers had poor knowledge regarding proper positioning and attachment while breastfeeding. Conclusions: Proper counseling and training of mothers must be done at the time of delivery by the doctors and the nursing staff regarding breastfeeding practices. Anganwadi workers must also actively counsel the mothers regarding exclusive breast feeding. Supporting women who are self-employed or who work in the informal economy is required.
Breastfeeding Practices in Women in Bihar-A Hospital based study
IOSR Journals , 2019
Introduction: Exclusive breastfeeding is defined by the World Health Organization as infant feeding that consists of only breastmilk. exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months of life, and continued breastfeeding with age-appropriate complementary feeding until 2 years of age. This has the potential to prevent approximately 19% of all under-5 years of age deaths in the developing world, more than any other preventive intervention. Although breastfeeding rates are progressively increasing worldwide, optimal breastfeeding practices are lagging behind, especially in rural and low resource settings including rural populations in India. Therefore, understanding and identifying factors associated with suboptimal breastfeeding practices in rural and low-resource settings can help improve nutrition care in early years of life. Materials and method: A cross-sectional survey of postpartum women admitted in obstetric ward of DMCH, Darbhanga, Bihar was conducted between 1 st February 2018 and 30 th April 2018. Both caesarean section and normal delivery patients were included in this study. After proper consent by mother they were interviewed based on detailed questionnaire. Women who were HIV positive or whose neonate was critical or admitted in NICU were excluded from this study. A total of 250 samples were included in this study. A standard questionnaire was developed for this study which included both open and closed ended questions. Exclusive breastfeeding was defined by feeding of breastmilk only (as per the World Health Organization), and mixed infant feeding was defined as feeding of both breastmilk and formula milk and/or water. Qualitative information such as the influences on breastfeeding, and opinions on breastfeeding versus top feeding were also elicited. Result: Out of 250 mothers interviewed 178 (71%) had initiated breastfeeding while 72 (28.8%) had not yet started to breastfeed their baby. It was observed that age group 18-24 had least percentage of breastfeeding as compared to those in elder age group. Among all demographic and social personal characters of mother, medical illness, mode of delivery and previous breastfeeding were found to be strongly in correlation with breastfeeding rates. Among those breastfeeding their baby 84 mother were giving exclusive breastmilk to their babies while remaining were giving mixed feeding (breastmilk along with top feeding, either formula feed or cow milk). Among women who were not breastfeeding their baby main reason was lack of breastmilk production followed by difficulty in initiating breastfeeding following ceaserean section. Poor nutritional status of mother in our region as well as social myths prevelant in area can be reason behind such pattern.
International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics, 2019
first 6 months are quite appalling. In India, according to National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4), exclusive breastfeeding rate is 54.9%. Various factors like maternal age, occupation, inadequate knowledge of exclusive breastfeeding, perception of insufficiency of breast milk, beliefs and misconceptions, gestational age of baby, gender and birth weight affect exclusive breast feeding. This study was done to assess ABSTRACT Background: Global Public Health recommends that infants should receive only breastfeeding for first 6 months of life for their optimal growth and development. This study was done to find the rate of exclusive breast feeding and other feeding practices in children up to 6 months of age. Methods: A hospital based longitudinal study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital for a period of one year. Data from 158 mothers who were admitted for safe confinement was collected using structured questionnaire which was administered at every monthly follow up visit following delivery till first six months. Data included sociodemographic factors, psychosocial factors, breastfeeding details, maternal and infant factors. Data was entered in MS-Excel and analysed on SPSS version 18 software. Results: About 82.9% mothers had the knowledge about benefits of breastfeeding. Breastfeeding was initiated within one hour in 74% babies but exclusive breastfeeding for first six months was given only in 42.4% babies. Pre-lacteal feeds were given only in 3.2% babies. Early complementary feeds were started in 57.6% predominantly with cereal based diet. Perceived insufficiency of milk (30.3%) was the major reason mentioned for starting early complementary feeds. Conclusions: There is a wide gap between the knowledge and practice of exclusive breastfeeding. The importance of exclusive breastfeeding should be reinforced at every immunization visit so as to increase the rate of exclusive breastfeeding.
Factors Influencing Exclusive Breast Feeding Practice among the Mothers of Infants in Pokhara
2019
Exclusive breastfeeding means infant receives only breast milk and nothing else except for oral rehydration solution (ORS), medicines, vitamins and minerals for first six months of age. The prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding in our society is low and various underlying factors are responsible. The main aim of this study was to identify the factors influencing exclusive breastfeeding practice among the mothers of infant in Pokhara. A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted among 101 breastfeeding mothers having infant up to six months in the immunization clinics held in ward no. 12, 13, 14, 15 and 16 of Pokhara-Lekhnath metropolitan. Non probability purposive sampling technique was used. Researcher developed questionnaire were administered to the mothers and data collected. The data were analyzed with Chi square test using SPSS 20 software. The findings revealed that the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding practice among the mothers of infant below six months old was 49....
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice towards Exclusive Breastfeeding among Mothers in Pokhara-Lekhnath
Journal of Gandaki Medical College, 2018
Background: Exclusive breastfeeding means that the infant receives only breast milk. Infants should be exclusively breastfed for the first six months of life to achieve optimal growth, development and health. Thereafter, to meet their evolving nutritional requirements, infants should receive nutritionally adequate and safe complementary foods, while continuing to breastfeed for up to two years or beyond. Breastfeeding is an unequalled way of providing ideal food for the healthy growth and development of infants; it is also an integral part of the reproductive process with important implications for the health of mothers. Objective: To assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of pregnant women on exclusive breastfeeding. Methods: The quantitative descriptive research design was used for this study. Purposive sampling technique was used to select the subjects in community setting. Total 140 subjects were taken as a sample and self-administered structured questionnaire on knowledge, attitude and practice of exclusive breast feeding among reproductive age group women was used to collect data. Results: The study shows that out of 140 women, 48 (34.3%) belonged to 26-30 age group, 136 (97.14%) were married, 109 (77.9%) women followed Hindu caste, 67 (47.9%) women belonged to Dalit group, 129 (92.1%) women were housewife, 73 (52.1%) women had taken primary education, 68 (48.6%) had monthly income >20000, 116 (82.9 %) had ≤3 children. Among 140 women, 69 (49.3%) had good knowledge and fair knowledge whereas only 2 (1.4%) had poor knowledge. Regarding attitude 122 (87.1%) thought that EBF was better than other artificial feeding, 75 (53.6%) believed that first milk should be discarded, 108 (77.1%) agreed that EBF is enough for child up to 6 months, 77 (55%) didn't feel comfortable with extra feeding other than breast milk, 51 (36.4) stated that they were not comfortable because of insufficient amount to meet child's demand, 100 (71.4%) agreed that child less than six months who is exclusively breastfed were healthier than child who took additional foods. Out of 140 women, 139 (99.3%) breastfed her last child, 83 (59.3%) started breastfeeding within 1 hr after delivery, 77 (55%) breastfed on demand of baby, 91 (65%) had not given anything before initiating breastfeeding, 25 (17.9%) had given plain water before breast milk after delivery, 107 (76.4%) had given breast milk only starting from birth to six months of age. | Original Article Conclusions: The study revealed that there was good level of knowledge and practice among women in the reproductive age group in Pokhara-Lekhnath. Hence the study strongly suggests that there was appropriate level of knowledge about exclusive breast feeding among mother of reproductive age group in Pokhara-Lekhnath which will help in enhancing the growth and development of child.
Scientifica, 2016
Background.Breastfeeding is the optimal method for achieving a normal growth and development of the baby. This study aimed to study mothers’ perceptions and practices regarding breastfeeding in Mangalore, India.Methodology.A cross-sectional study of 188 mothers was conducted using a structured proforma.Results.Importance of breast feeding was known to most mothers. While initiation of breast feeding within one hour of birth was done by majority of mothers, few had discarded colostrum and adopted prelacteal feeding. Mothers opined that breast feeding is healthy for their babies (96.3%) and easier than infant feeding (79.8%), does not affect marital relationship (51%), and decreases family expenditure (61.1%). However, there were poor perceptions regarding the advantages of breast milk with respect to nutritive value, immune effect, and disease protection. Few respondents reported discontinuation of breastfeeding in previous child if the baby had fever/cold (6%) or diarrhea (18%) and ...