Determination some of Physical and Geotechnical Properties of the Calcareous Rocks in Kufa Quarry using Ultrasonic Velocities (original) (raw)
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Iraqi Journal of Science, 2021
The aim of this paper is to determine the capability of the ultrasonic technique to predicate and evaluate some elastic and geotechnical properties within sand stone layers. For this purpose, 15 rock samples were collected from Tanjero Formation that is exposed in Dokan area, northeastern Iraq. Elastic wave velocities (Vp and Vs) and density (P) values for rock samples were determined by applying laboratory testing. From Vp, Vs, and density values, the porosity, elastic modulus, and some geotechnical parameters were calculated. The relationship between P wave velocity and elastic properties of samples was derived. Empirical equations were obtained by applying the regression analyses between Vp and the measured elastic properties. Good correlations were found, which may supply a good estimation of elastic properties from velocity information related to the geological setting of the area. This work confirmed the capability of the ultrasonic technique for predicating the elastic pr...
2020
The aim of the current study is to determine the elastic properties of carbonate rocks using ultrasonic method. Forty rock samples of Anah formation were collected at different depths from four wells drilled at the study area . The relationship between wave velocities and elastic properties of rocks was defined. Regression analyses to define these relations were applied. The results indicate that the elastic properties of the rocks show a linear relationship with both Pand S-wave velocities. The best relationship was obtained between both Young's modulus and Shear modulus with Vs in the determination of the coefficient ( R 2 ), with values of 0.91 and 0.94, respectively. Bulk modulus and Lame’s constant were better correlated with Vp than with Vs in the determination of R 2 ,with values of 0.92 and 0.83, respectively. Poisson’s ratio showed a good correlation using the ratio of Vp/Vs in the determination of R 2 , with a value of 0.81. The main output of this study shows that the...
2017
Analysis and determination of some of the elastic moduli and other geotechnical parameters in the campus of the University of Baghdad performed by using New Sonic Viewer in the field to measure (Vp) and (Vs) velocities as well as the density of the upper soil inside the campus. Seventeen profiles were selected each of (10) m. length distributed randomly inside the university campus to evaluate the top soil properties in addition to the soil profile. The ultrasonic waves showed two layers of the soil with different velocities of (Vp) and (Vs). The velocities of p-wave of the first layer ranged from (288-642) m/sec. On other hand the velocities of shear wave (Vs) in the same layer ranged from (88-193) m/sec. In the second layer the velocities of p-wave ranged from (681972) m/sec., and the velocities of shear wave ranged from (327-463) m/sec.Depending upon the value of (Vs) and according to Caltrans soil types, these two layers were considered as soft and stiff soils of types ( E and D...
Ultrasound Study of Limestone Rock Physical and Mechanical Properties
Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, 2016
Introduction Ultrasonic pulse velocity has been widely used to determine properties and states of rocks. Determination of correlation dependences between P-wave velocity and rock properties may, in the absence of other information, aid in determining the quality of rock, in the first approximation. P-wave velocity was used to determine the homogeneity of rock, as well as its strength and the extent of its deformation [1-8]. Evaluating soil properties using standard methods approved by the ASTM and ISRM is too expensive and time-consuming. Determining uniaxial compression strength (UCS) under laboratory conditions in accordance with [9, 10] is time-consuming and requires the availability of rock specimens that are identical as defined in standards [11-14]. Determining uniaxial tensile strength τ most often uses the Brazilian test [15-19], providing for laboratory tests for rupture tests, when measurements are made not along one compression or tension axis, but along previously specified perpendicular directions. An alternative to the UCS is the point load strength I s(50) , which provides similar results at much lower cost [20-24]. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between P-wave velocity and some physical and mechanical rock properties such as dry and saturated density, bulk density ρ b , porosity n, water absorption, UCS, I s(50) , Brazilian tensile strength, and Schmidt hardness. Limestone was studied from different areas of Turkey (Cebecikoy, Hereke, Akveren, So ucak, and Bakirk y). Cebecikoy limestone is of self-edge bioclastic carbonate type and is of Carboniferous age. It contains subordinate shales and dolomite, and is about 50 m thick [25]. Hereke rock is represented by a 950-m thick Lower Triassic stratigraphic section with recrystallized, dolomitic, sandy, and other limestone [26]. Late Eocene rock from the Akveren quarry, lying directly on Triassic rock, is represented by intercalated mudrock ranging from calcareous to limy, in a 250-300-m thick layer. o g
International Journal of Advanced Geosciences
Correlation of physical and mechanical properties with ultrasonic pulse velocities (UPV) of sandstones in Çenedağ, Kocaeli-Turkey, NW was performed in this study. Physical and mechanical properties were defined and the relationships among the uniaxial compressive strength (UCS), porosity, void ratio, point load strength index Is(50),Schmidt hardness (RN) and bulk mass density by weight with ultrasonic pulse velocity of pink and cream colored sandstone unit of Lower Ordovician Çenedağ formation were investigated. In the scope of this research, 16 sandstone specimens were collected from various locations of Çenedağ formation in Çenedağ-Kocaeli, Turkey and laboratory experiments were implemented. Later, the statistical correlations were performed by regression analysis to evaluate the relationships between these properties and ultrasonic pulse velocity. Reasonably good correlations were determined between the UPV and physical and mechanical properties.
Geotechnical Parameters from Seismic Measurements: Two Field Examples from Egypt and Saudi Arabia
Journal of Environmental & Engineering Geophysics, 2016
Geotechnical parameters were used to determine subsurface rock quality for construction purposes. We summarize the mathematical relationships used to calculate the geotechnical parameters from P- and S-wave velocities and density values. These relationships are applied to two field examples; the first is a regional seismic study in Egypt and the second is a 2-D seismic profile recorded in Saudi Arabia. Results from both field examples are used to determine the subsurface rock quality and locate zones that should be avoided during construction. We suggest combining all geotechnical parameters into one map using a normalized-weighted relation, which helps to locate the zones with high versus low rock quality for engineering purposes.
Evaluating local geological conditions and Vs profiles in Khash area, SE Iran
2016
Local geological condition and site dynamic parameters especially shear wave velocity (Vs) are of great importance in designing safe structures and prohibition or reduction earthquake disasters particularly in populated cities. Iranian eastern cities, located on young sediments and having moderate to high seismicity potential, have been subjected to seismic hazards and have been involved in pertinent studies. In this regard, in the absence of adequate information for Khash area, SE Iran, a reconnaissance campaign—including geological, geotechnical and seismic downhole surveys — was carried out, to characterize the site and to provide a setting for detailed microtremors surveys aimed at assessing site effects and Vs structure. Accordingly, site geology was studied. Using seismic downhole surveys Vs structures were obtained in 6 boreholes based of which the ground was classified as class C and II in terms of the NEHRP provisions and Iranian code of practice, respectively. Microtremors...
Ultrasonic velocity measurement tests were conducted on 45 sandstone samples having a range of porosity and permeability from a Middle Eastern oil field to assess the effect of stress and saturation changes on the velocity values and the associated dynamic moduli. The analysis of the experimental data suggests that the change in above-mentioned rock properties is caused by both stress and saturation levels in varying degree depending on the porosity. The velocity values showed an increase from 10% to 80% when the effective stress was increased from 500 psi to the reservoir stress value. Velocity increase was observed to be significant for high porosity samples with respect to change in stress. Moreover, samples under dry state showed much more stress-dependent velocity increase compared to the values under fully saturated and at irreducible water saturation (Swi). Further, stress increment under dry condition, affects both the shear wave velocity (Vs) and the compressional velocity (Vp) almost in the same range. However, under saturated and at Swi conditions, Vs shows significant stress dependent increase compared to Vp. Furthermore, Young's modulus and shear modulus are considerably sensitive to stress variation compared to saturation whereas bulk modulus shows significant change with saturation and is relatively unaffected by stress increase except under dry condition.
2021
Integration of seismic refraction tomography and multi-channel analyses shear wave methods were used at Al al-Bayt university campus in Mafraq, NE Jordan to delineate the shallow subsurface layering and determine their geotechnical properties, in addition, to estimate the geotechnical engineering parameters of the superficial deposits for detailed purposes. The P-wave refraction velocities were found to range from 180 to 2300 m/s for the three identified layers which indicating superficial soil deposits with an increasing degree of compaction with depth. The S-wave velocities were found to lie in a narrow velocity range (250 to 600 m/s), which badly resolved the subsurface layering. Moreover, four soil samples were taken from the sites of seismic survey points for density calculations. The average calculated density was found to be 1.85 g/cm3. Two soil samples from nearby seismic profile-1 and seismic profile-4 were tested for geotechnical properties. The results showed that the sei...
Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 2020
Production of rock aggregates is an important industrial activity. Quality estimation of rock aggregates is often performed with standardized mechanical tests which are intended for testing the products, not the original rock material. In fact, conventional tests dealing with mechanical performance of aggregates (abrasion and fragmentation resistance) are laborious tasks. They are time consuming and require tough laboratory procedures. Thus, there is a need for an effective method to estimate the quality of rock aggregates in the early stages of quarry prospection. This work aims to present a non-destructive ultrasonic technique to characterize mechanical strength of carbonate rock aggregates, mainly defined with Los Angeles (L.A.) and Micro-Deval (M.D.E.) measurements. For experimentation, porosity, density, L.A., and M.D.E. coefficients were calculated for 11 carbonate rock samples. Beforehand, ultrasonic measurements were taken on rock samples using longitudinal P wave with a frequency of 55 kHz. Regression analysis indicated that L.A. and M.D.E. coefficients were linearly correlated with ultrasonic velocity. Similar results were shown for porosity and density. Artificial neural networking was performed to establish a predictive model linking porosity density and ultrasonic velocity to L.A. or M.D.E. measurements. For our knowledge, this is the first paper of a correlation between L.A. and M.D.E. coefficients with ultrasonic velocity. Results have indicated the ability of this technique to elaborate an accurate approach for prediction of mechanical performances determined with laborious experiments on rock aggregates. This paper adds to the knowledge about the wide effectiveness of ultrasonic techniques to predict the quality of aggregates and proves its efficacy in estimating their quality in the early stages of its production, in field and in time, which presents economical benefits for rock aggregate industries.