Effects of addition of various nanoparticles on performance and emission properties of compression ignition engine with diesel and biodiesel blends as a fuel-A review study (original) (raw)
Related papers
2021
Thermal efficiency and fuel economy of diesel engines are better. Despite the fact, due to the depletion of world petroleum reserve and hazardous pollutant emission to the environment, there is a need to research on the improvement of performance and reduction of environmental pollution. Utilization of biofuels such as ethanol and biodiesel is a solution to substitute petro-diesel and reduce pollution. The low calorific value of biofuels makes them to have lesser performance values compared to neat diesel. To improve the performance and reduce emission, strategies of fuel modification consisting of modifying fuel characteristics to improve combustion, which leads to better engine performance, less exhaust emissions, and higher fuel economy, are required. Addition of biofuels such as ethanol to petro-diesel lowers the calorific value and the cetane number of the emulsified fuel which reduces the performance of the engine and increase fuel consumption. Adding nanoparicles in base fuel...
Although the Compression Ignition Engines are a significant source of power, their detrimental emissions initiated the searches for alternative fuels that are renewable, safe and non-polluting. Even many researchers have put valid efforts in fuel modification, the current work describes the role of multiple nanofuel additives in diesel fuel. In this context, Aluminium oxide and Cobalt oxide nanoparticles are incorporated with the diesel fuel to investigate the performance, emission and combustion characteristics of a four stroke, single cylinder diesel engine. Experiments were carried out using five different additive combinations, neat diesel and diesel with some commercial additive for comparison. The experimental outcome revealed a substantial enhancement in brake thermal efficiency and a marginal reduction in harmful pollutants such as NOX, CO and smoke, for a particular nano additive proportion compared to that of neat diesel and commercial additive incorporated diesel.
Experimental Analysis on Synergetic Effect of Multiple Nanoparticle Blended Diesel Fuel on CI Engine
Although the Compression Ignition Engines are a significant source of power, their detrimental emissions initiated the searches for alternative fuels that are renewable, safe and non-polluting. Even many researchers have put valid efforts in fuel modification, the current work describes the role of multiple nanofuel additives in diesel fuel. In this context, Aluminium oxide and Cobalt oxide nanoparticles are incorporated with the diesel fuel to investigate the performance, emission and combustion characteristics of a four stroke, single cylinder diesel engine. Experiments were carried out using five different additive combinations, neat diesel and diesel with some commercial additive for comparison. The experimental outcome revealed a substantial enhancement in brake thermal efficiency and a marginal reduction in harmful pollutants such as NOX, CO and smoke, for a particular nano additive proportion compared to that of neat diesel and commercial additive incorporated diesel.
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering
This paper reports the results of various researches on the engine performance and emission characteristics of Diesel engine using nano particles additives in diesel, biodiesel and water emulsified fuels. There are two methods of reducing the exhaust gas emission of the Diesel engine. First method is to reduce the emissions by using exhaust gas treatment devices like catalytic converter and diesel particulate filter. However, use of these devices affects the performance of Diesel engine. Second method to reduce emissions and improve performance of CI engine is the use of fuel additive. Main pollutants of Diesel engine are oxide of nitrogen (NOx) and particulate matter (PM). However, it is difficult to control NOx and PM simultaneously. Many researchers report that the best method to control the emissions and improve the engine performance is the use of nano particles additives and water emulsified fuels. This research paper also reports the biodiesel fuel as an alternative to diesel fuel by using various nano particle additives. Comparative studies of effects on various properties of diesel and biodiesel fuels without/with water contents and nano particles additives by previous researchers are done. Most of the researchers reported improved engine performance and reduction in emission characteristics with dosing of nano particles additives in diesel and biodiesel.
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2019
This article presents the results of investigations carried out to evaluate the improvement in combustion, performance, and emission characteristics of a diesel engine fueled with neat petro-diesel (PD), soybean biodiesel (SB), and 50% SB blended PD (PD50SB) by using carbon nanotube (CNT) as an additive. The acid-alkaline-based transesterification process with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) as a catalyst was applied to derive the methyl ester of SB. A mass fraction of 100 ppm CNT nanoparticle was blended with base fuels by using an ultrasonicator and the physiochemical properties were measured based on EN standards. The measured physiochemical properties are in good agreement with standard limits. The experimental evaluations were carried out under varying brake mean effective pressure (BMEP) conditions in a single-cylinder, four-stroke, and natural aspirated research diesel engine at a constant speed of 1500 rpm. The results reveal that the SB and its blend promote shorter ignition delay period (IDP) that is resulting in lower in-cylinder pressure (ICP) and net heat release rate (NHR) compared to PD. The SB and its blend increase the brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), and reduce the brake specific energy consumption (BSEC) and exhaust gas temperature (EGT), due to lower heating value, and efficient combustion, respectively. As far as the emission characteristics are concerned, the SB and its blend promote lower magnitude of hydrocarbon (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO 2), and smoke emissions compared to PD except for oxides of nitrogen (NO x) emission. The CNT nanoparticle inclusion with base fuels significantly improves the combustion, performance, and emissions level irrespective of engine load conditions.
Journal of Power of Technologies, 2020
Users of fossil fuels are facing a range of challenges such as long-term rising demand, climate concerns due to emission of greenhouse gases, ecological pollution, finite reserves and price fluctuations. Diesel fuel is similarly affected, though with its own subset of issues. Studies suggest that diesel fuel characteristics are affected by addition of nanoparticles. In this research, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were blended with pure diesel as an additive at concentrations of 30, 60, and 90 ppm to assess the emission and performance characteristics of a single-cylinder compression combustion engine. The considered emission contents included CO, CO2, HC, and NO produced by an engine at 50% and 100% loads, at 1800, 2300, and 2800 rpm. Addition of CNTs to the diesel fuel considerably reduced the emission of CO, CO 2 , HC, and NO compared to additive-free diesel fuel. Furthermore, with the addition of carbon nanotubes, the Exhaust Gas Temperature (EGT) and the Brake Specific Fuel Consumptio...
Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2019
Amalgamation of nanoparticles with the conventional/alternative fuels is an attractive approach which can enhance the working characteristics of CI engines. The critical issues such as stability, clogging, increased NOx, and high consumption rate attached with the long-term usage of diesel/biodiesel and with their blends restricts their usage as a potential substitute in the diesel engine. This review work emphasizes the research economy on utilizing the application of different metal oxide, magnetic, carbon and hybridized based nano-materials as a fuel-borne additive. Nano fuel comprises a micro-sized particle ranging from 1 to 100nm in size doped inside the base fluid (diesel/biodiesel) using the process of ultrasonication. The nano fuel has a higher surface to volume ratio, and enhanced heat and mass transfer properties act as a catalyst, improves the combustion process and the performance characteristics such as thermal efficiency, specific fuel consumptions of the diesel engine. Based on the outcome collected from the previously published work, it has been concluded that mixing of nanoadditives has a significant effect on the engine parameters. The review also highlights that the improvement in the injection timing, enhancement in the physicochemical properties and cold flow properties such as viscosity, calorific value, flash point, fire point is also noted depending on the dosage of nanoparticles.
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2019
The present work is aimed to analyze the performance and emission characteristics of mahua biodiesel-fueled diesel engine with copper oxide nanoparticle at various particle sizes (10 and 20 nm) and the results compared with conventional diesel fuel (BD). Experiments were conducted in a four-stroke, single-cylinder, constant speed, and naturally aspirated research diesel engine with an eddy current dynamometer. Conventional transesterification process is carried out to convert the raw mahua oil into mahua oil biodiesel (BD100). Copper oxide (CuO) was chosen as a nanoparticle; the mass fraction of 100 ppm and the particle sizes of 10 and 20 nm were blended with mahua oil methyl ester using an ultrasonicator, and the physicochemical properties were measured. The physicochemical properties of BD100 and nanoparticle-included BD100 are at par with EN14214 limits. Brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) of BD100 is higher than that of diesel, and brake thermal efficiency (BTE) is lower than that of diesel (D100). The inclusion of 10-nm particle size of CuO nanoparticle in BD100 improves the BSFC and BTE by 1.3 and 0.7%, respectively, when compared with BD100. The CuO nanoparticle inclusion at 20-nm nanoparticle in biodiesel further improves the performance parameters than those at 10-nm nanoparticle. Further, the BD100 promotes a lower level of smoke emissions, carbon monoxide (CO), and hydrocarbon (HC) and with a prominent increase in oxides of nitrogen (NO x) emissions. The inclusion of 10-nm particle size of CuO nanoparticle in BD100 reduces the NO x , HC, CO, and smoke emission by 3.9, 5.6, 4.9, and 2.8%, respectively, at peak load condition when compared with BD100. The addition of CuO nanoparticle at 20-nm nanoparticle in biodiesel further reduces the NO x , HC, CO, and smoke emissions. Keywords Nanoparticles. Mahua biodiesel. Catalytic activity. Particle size. Diesel engines Abbreviations ASTM American Society for Testing Materials BD100 neat biodiesel BD100CuO10 100% of biodiesel + 100 ppm of CuO nanoparticle having 10-nm particle size BD100CuO20 100% of biodiesel + 100 ppm of CuO nanoparticle having 20-nm particle size BSCO brake-specific carbon monoxide BSNO x brake-specific oxides of nitrogen emission BSFC brake-specific fuel consumption BSHC brake-specific unburned hydrocarbon BTE brake thermal efficiency CO carbon monoxide DI direct injection IMEP indicated mean effective pressure NO x oxides of nitrogen (NO x)
Energy Reports, 2021
In recent years renewable and cleaner fuel for diesel engines are compulsory due to depletion of fossil fuel. Various types of bio-based fuels are investigated by the researchers. Biodiesel is anticipated as potential contenders of diesel fuel. Though it is possible to utilize pure biodiesel in diesel engines, some burdens like higher density, lower cetane number and lesser calorific value hinder it from replacing conventional diesel completely. Therefore, using blends with biofuels in diesel engines has a preference. Thus, this paper reviews two different approaches on the role of nanoparticles on biofuel production and effects of nanoparticles in biodiesel-diesel fuel blends on performance, combustion analysis and emission characteristics of diesel engines. Wide range of results from previous research studies with potential and application of nanoparticles in bioethanol production, the effect of the addition of nanoparticles into diesel fuel with different biofuels ratios are collected in this review study. There are different engine performances enhancing methods surveyed. Nanoparticles can be utilized in the production of biofuels from feedstock pre-treatment to chemical reaction as catalysts. It was observed from the overall results that by adding nanoparticles, there was a significant reduction in the brake specific fuel consumption about 20% to 23% as compared with biodiesel-diesel blends with and without alcohol as additives. Besides as nanoparticles possess high thermal conductivity, the addition of nanoparticles enhanced the process of combustion and increases the brake power about 2.5% to 4%. Emission results showed that in most reviews, NO x emission is increased by up to 55%, while HC, CO and PM are decreased significantly. It was concluded from the study that a diesel engine could be effectively run and give better performance and effective regulated emissions on the application of added nanoparticles with biodiesel and their blends as fuel in a CI engine.
Improvement of Engine Combustion with Diesel-Biodiesel Blend Using Nanoparticles
International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, 2019
Various studies have demonstrated the characteristics of diesel fuel by adding biodiesel. Furthermore, nano additives can be added to these fuels for the improvement of engine combustion. The present investigation concerns improvement in combustion characteristics of a single cylinder, four-stroke, water cooled, direct injection, diesel engine with cotton seed methyl ester using multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT). The results of combustion and performance characteristics depends on the study of the combustion parameters, like cylinder pressure, rate of heat release, mechanical efficiency and volumetric efficiency; these parameters have been determined and presented in the following sections.