Problems regarding the protection of traditional urban (original) (raw)
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Problems regarding the protection of traditional urban pattern: The case of Bartin, Turkey
Historical texture of the settlement is one of the important factors in the past and present of the culture. Important components of this historical pattern are historical places of the city and the traditional patterns which create this structure. To save this historical pattern should be the first aim of the governments in order to carry them to the future generations. Turkey has signed many international agreements about conservation of historical pattern. But, legal alignments related to this issue do not completely cover "the conservation principle", so the institutions, which are responsible for saving this pattern, are in danger of becoming destroyed due to this type of management. The most striking example of such understanding seems to be Bartin. This paper presents an argument about the protection of historical places in Turkey, on the local scale. The town and cities which have historical patterns have continued to lose their urban landscapes as urbanisation has been increasing in Turkey. This paper illustrates the result of traditional texture and historical pattern of the Bartin Province facing problems such as losing them due to expanding urbanisation in Bartin, which has 3000 years-old historical structure, as one's model. In recent years, urbanisation has been highly expanding in Bartin; urban identity has started losing its originality, because of carelessly built constructions and recreation lands. This event demonstrates the critical role of policy implementation and socio-cultural factors on sustainability of historical patterns in urban landscapes of Bartin. This should include the community, local governments, and the whole range of non-governmental organizations including the private sector.
Historic Urban Fabric and Its Conservation Problematic in Turkey
Historic urban fabric is the total representation of urban architecture that has the capacity of creating the urban space and urban life of a particular society. It has guidance on providing the coherence between architectural values and cultural continuity of built environment. The man designs his built environment according to some functional and cultural bases. Therefore, urban architecture is a system or structure consisted of physical, social and cultural entities. In this system, understanding historic urban fabric initially necessitates understanding the essence of the entity. The urban components may alter with changing conditions of the modern world, but the essence of historic urban fabric lies in the relatedness between the architectural elements. In modern world, with rapid urbanization, uncontrolled changes and growth of the cities have become threat to the authentic character and historic urban fabric of the cities. Moreover, with technological developments, functions of the urban environment have changed; thereafter, conservation of the historic urban fabric and its adaptation to new form of living and land uses have become significant issues for urban design and planning policies. The main objective of this paper is to assert the necessity of understanding historic urban fabric in order to provide the perpetuation of the authentic character and architectural qualities. Defining historic urban fabric for a settlement necessitates understanding and reading the space because these practices release the inventory feature of the local character in terms of conservation practices. The study puts forth the conservation problematic of historic urban fabric in Turkey in line with explaining the development process of Turkish planning system. In the last century, many Turkish towns have been disrupted with modernization tools and projects. With capitalist materialism, many global images and architectural features are stamped to the cities as contemporary projects. Sometimes, on behalf of maintaining just the physical historic urban fabric, some architectural elements are copied as a model to the new designs such that they were lack of their soul, meaning and historic significance. In this way, many cities in Turkey transformed due to the pressure of capitalist production and the historic urban fabric could not be preserved. In some Turkish cities, the strong relationship between culture and character has been broken; in the meantime the common language that constitute the urban fabric has been forgotten. This study reveals that urban artifacts of history or historic architectural values are not the end products of a settlement; they are the result of a long-term formation including physical, social, cultural, economical interactions. Inherited environment has the capacity of creating the image of the city; thus, the built environment should be evaluated with its own entirety and continuum. Key words: historic urban fabric; conservation; urban architecture; authentic character
2005
In many countries, it is the small towns where the original historical heritage is protected. These small towns are generally those where rural economy dominates in a closed social structure. Especially in countries with highly centralized administration, these towns usually remain outside the general dynamics and axis of develeopment as well. In the developing countries, such towns have already lost a large portion of their population to metropolitan centers and the remaining aging rural population with limited expectations is not capable to produce a synergie neither for economic development nor for the formulation of a substantial demand for higher standards of living, including renovation of their environment. In addition, it is this population with limited means and expectations who own the most significant buildings in these small towns and who cannot conserve, renovate and sustain them. Lately, we increasingly come across efforts to promote a certain economic dynamism by the ...
Iconarp International J. of Architecture and Planning, 2018
Historical and traditional urban fabrics located at historical urban centres carry on with their existence as slum areas of cities due to economic, physical and functional aging. In Turkey, efforts to conserve historical and traditional urban fabrics and to solve their problems have increased in recent years. These efforts are mostly supported by local governments, and are exemplified by such implementations as urban renewal projects, and street and façade rehabilitations. However, these implementations are carried out to a large extent on a singular basis, lacking in multi-dimensional, holistic approach. Nevertheless, conservation and problems of historical environments have multiple spatial, cultural, social, and economic dimensions. This article addresses conservation and its problems, together with their spatial, socioeconomic, cultural, and legal dimensions, by the example of the rehabilitation project undertaken on Halit and Gaziosmanpaşa 22 nd streets located in the historical urban centre of Tokat, and introduces solutions to conservation with respect to strategies developed specifically for this area.
Sustainability of Traditional Pattern in Urban Landscape: The Case of Bartın
Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences
One of the biggest problems, which emerge with the gaining momentum of urbanization, is the loss of identity of cities. New developed areas put pressure on traditional texture and turning them to the irregular areas. In Turkey, this alteration has been come to a common problem of cities that have historical value. It has been seen that new development have the same type of construction and has no respect to city identity. In recent years, the City of Bartın where urbanization has been increased, is in the process of losing its traditional texture. When architecture samples have been started decreasing, unplanned and carelessly done buildings have been started to be dominant on urban texture. In this study, the interaction between new settlement and traditional settlement has been examined; social, cultural and physical typology analyses have been done. The results of analysis compared with contemporary needs, development of plan decisions that reflect identity traditional texture ha...
19th ICOMOS General Assembly and Scientific Symposium 2017 | Heritage and Democracy, 2017
In recent years, cultural heritage in Turkey has been subject to various forms of renewal interventions. These interventions are realized through a law (Act No. 5366, Renewal Law) specifically developed for the renewal of registered heritage places. The aim of the law is defined as valorizing and preserving timeworn heritage places, through ‘renewal projects’. While the aim of the Renewal Law is described as preservation, many projects based on this law propose mixed-use developments by expropriating heritage places, displacing local residents and changing their tangible and intangible features. Tarlabaşı in İstanbul, a heritage place at the core of İstanbul, is one of the concrete examples of this renewal approach. Tarlabaşı was inhabited by different social groups which are generally considered as “problematic” such as urban poor, immigrants and sex workers. In order to achieve the renewal objectives of the local authority (decision maker in the public sphere) and investors (decision maker in the market sphere), many of the buildings were expropriated and destroyed while people living in the area were displaced. Consequently, the rent value of Tarlabaşı has dramatically increased, while socio-cultural values are almost totally lost. The “Renewal Law” has been applied in a completely different manner in Konak, a central heritage place with residential, commercial, administrative and religious buildings in İzmir. The social structure of the area is also diverse consisting mostly of immigrants from eastern cities of Turkey and Syria. In the renewal project, a bottom-up approach has been adopted and holistic/inclusive strategies have been developed considering both residents’ needs and the values of heritage place. The aim of the paper is to discuss two opposite renewal approaches using the same legal tool by referring to these two renewal projects. The paper compares these approaches and critically assesses the effects of renewal projects on the preservation of the tangible and intangible values of heritage places. Key words: urban renewal, inclusiveness vs. exclusiveness, participation, sustainability
Proceedings Book of The Extended Abstracts of Beyond All Limits International Congress on Sustainability in Architecture, Planning, and Design, 17-19 October 2018 , 2018
The major subject of this study is the sustainability of historical continuity in multi-layered historical towns which are the outcome of continuous inhabitation process that is reflected in the current town by physical remains belonging to different periods. This study asserts that these remaining elements of past periods can be conserved, as long as they become an integral part of the current urban context. Thus, conserving the multi-layered character requires sustaining the historical continuity by integrating the remaining elements of the former periods with the current context. According to this concern, for assessing the integration of historical stratification with the current town regarding the physical, visual, functional, social and managerial aspects, a method is developed. This method, applied on Amasya (Turkey), makes possible to expose the factors of disintegration which can provide a basis for searching the strategies and tools for their reintegration with the current urban context, consequently, for the sustainable conservation.
URBAN CONSERVATION POLICY- THE CASE OF HAMAMÖNÜ- ANKARA-TURKEY
As an extension of the urban regeneration process initiated in Turkey during the years of 2000, the concept of renewal-based preservation approach is being implemented through rehabilitation and regeneration projects designed for areas of cultural heritage. Once the capital holders and the political power discovered the financial benefits to be endowed by cultural heritage into the fields of tourism and urban profits, such projects of rehabilitation and regeneration displace the projects of conservation. In this process, instead of the building which is classified as a cultural heritage, the piece of land on which it is located is considered as an area of investment in the real-estate capital market. Therefore, and in line with this consideration, such implementations of demolishing the old buildings and constructing new buildings in their place, or constructing new buildings referencing the past, are supported by laws, even to the extent that legislation alterations are made contrary to conservation. As such, regeneration projects generally implemented utilizing public financing and public mediation are rapidly realized instead of achieving the concept of integrated conservation planning which envisages transparent, participatory, partaker development. Hence, gentrifications turn out to be inevitable through the functional alterations of the cultural heritage areas which are regenerated as touristic, commercial and recreational areas. However, disowning the public and societal benefits targeted at with the concept of conservation, the urban regeneration and/or renewal that slid over to urban value increase concept is evaluated as success in urban conservation. This state will be examined through the Hamamönü area which is registered as a preservation area by law and which is an area that exhibits the traditional, historical and urban weaving of the city of Ankara. Hamamönü project was initiated in the year 2006 and a large proportion of it is completed. The implementation of rehabilitation projects with its different phases and methods were first started to be applied over this area. This area is selected as the case to be studied since it discloses the conservation policies implemented in Turkey. Key words. Urban Conservation Policy, Urban Upgrading, Street Rehabilitation, Gentrification, Hamamönü-Ankara. Bkz. https://www.eventspro.net/ersa/cm.esp?id=1110018&pageid=\_34P0Q1SN0&showpage=showpapers&cd=3652120603&eiscript=1G0KSO40J https://www.eventspro.net/ersa/viewpdf.esp?id=1110018&file=\\\\data\\mo$\\Eventwin\\Pool\\Office111\\docs\\pdf\\e140826aFinal00651.pdf