Remote Sensing as a Tool of Seismic Hazards Monitoring* (original) (raw)
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The proposed goal of the project is to carry out the synchronous ground based and satellite study of the ionospheric earthquake precursors. A huge data array about the variations of upper atmosphere airglow, electromagnetic emissions, generation of plasma inhomogeneities and other ionospheric phenomena preceding an earthquake have been collected earlier. All these phenomena were considered as physically independent. Another standpoint is that the whole set of phenomena is mutually dependent. For instance, the generation of the electromagnetic earthquake precursors might be result of the trapping of natural VLF emissions into the seismogenic plasma ducts appearing above an earthquake epicenter. The goal of our project is to prepare a joint coordinated experiment onboard SICH-1M satellite ("Variant"-mission) supported by the ground observations in frames of the AIRUS project and active sounding of the ionosphere. Such synchronized experiment will allow to collect the database necessary for the verification of existing hypotheses. The high sensitivity of onboard scientific instrumentation will promote to the rise of reliability of the data, especially as to the separation of seismogenic "signals" from various ionospheric perturbations.
Satellite monitoring of anomalous effects in the ionosphere probably related to strong earthquakes
Advances in Space Research, 2006
The paper presents simultaneously a satellite monitoring of plasma density disturbances and quasi-static electric fields on the one hand, and a ground earthquake monitoring, on the other. The INTERCOSMOS-BULGARIA-1300 satellite was launched on 7th August 1981. It had a perigee of 825 km, an apogee of 906 km and orbit inclination of 81.2°. For satelliteÕs orbits over sources of earthquakes M P 5.5 (seismic data of the World Data Center -Denver, Colorado), in the time period 12.08.1981-30.12.1981, some ionospheric effects are investigated. These effects can be considered eventually as possible earthquake precursors. The paper discusses specific anomalous effects observed in the ionosphere, which cannot be explained by factors of solar-magnetospheric origin. They could be associated with the earthquake growing processes in the lithosphere and troposphere zones above the source. In conclusion the results of ionosphere anomalous effects monitoring are proposed.
Satellite Monitoring of Ionospheric Disturbances Associated With Earthquakes Over Asian Region
This paper presents the ionospheric disturbances observed from the micro-satellite DEMETER (Detection of Electro-Magnetic Emissions Transmitted from Earthquake Regions) over the Asian region. The DEMETER is the first micro satellite developed by CNES (French National Space Agency) for seismo-ionospheric studies. The scientific objective of the DEMETER is the detection and characterization of electro-magnetic signal associated with natural phenomena (such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis) or anthropogenic activity. The scientific payload of DEMETER is composed of several sensors, which allows to measures waves in broad frequency range (DC to 4 MHz) and also some important plasma parameters. The study includes the variations of electron density, ion composition and temperature during the time of earthquakes. The variability of various electromagnetic signals observed by DEMETER during seismic activity over Asian region are presented.
Satellite Observations of Ionospherical Disturbances Associated to Seismic Activity
Comptes rendus de l'Académie bulgare des sciences: sciences mathématiques et naturelles
To prove direct relationship between quasi-static electric field disturbances and seismic activity is a difficult task of the modern ionospheric physics. The paper presents new results from the detection of quasi-static electric field on board of INTERCOSMOS-BULGARIA-1300 satellite in the upper ionosphere above sources of moderate earthquakes. The quasi-static electric field plays an important role in the ionospheric physical processes. Some observational results in a case of small values of Kp index have been used to search for correlation between the quasi-static electric field anomalies and the seismic activity. An increase in the vertical component of the quasi-static electric field above earthquake sources is observed. These ionospheric effects could be connected to the appearance of sources of the quasi-static electric fields of seismic origin over observational events.
Earth, Planets and Space, 2008
In recent times, ionospheric and magnetospheric perturbations constituted by radiation belt particle precipitations, variations of temperature and density of ionic and electronic components of ionospheric plasma as well as electric and magnetic field fluctuations have been detected on board of the LEO satellites and associated with earthquake preparation and occurrence. Several mechanisms have been suggested as justifying the seismoelectromagnetic phenomena observed in the upper lithosphere and in the topside ionosphere before, during and after an earthquake. Their propagation in these media has also been investigated, but physical knowledge of such processes is below standard. Consequently, coordinated space and ground-based observations based on data gathered simultaneously in space and at the Earth's surface are needed to investigate seismo-associated phenomena. To this end, the ESPERIA space mission project has been designed for the Italian Space Agency (ASI). To date, a few instruments of its payload have been built and tested in space. This paper reports on the justification, science background, and characteristics of the ESPERIA mission project as well as the description and testing of ESPERIA Instruments (ARINA and LAZIO-EGLE) in space.
2011
Ionospheric variations were observed by DEMETER (Detection of Electro-Magnetic Emission Transmitted from Earthquake Regions) satellite, during strong earthquake. The main aim of the DEMETER satellite mission is to study the ionospheric variations associated with seismic activity. In present paper, we have studied ionospheric irregularities for strong earthquake by using ion and electron density data. These data recorded by the IAP and ISL instruments of DEMETER satellite, respectively. Perturbations in plasma parameter were observed near the epicenter of the earthquake few days before the main shock. Observed variation in ionosphere was examined by checking geomagnetic (Dst and Kp indices) data.
Examples of unusual ionospheric observations made by the DEMETER satellite over seismic regions
Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C, 2006
The micro-satellite DEMETER was launched on June 29, 2004 in a polar and circular orbit with an altitude of 710 km. It is a CNES mission controlled from Toulouse in France. The main objective of DEMETER is to search and characterize ionospheric perturbations that can be associated with the seismic activity in order to better understand the generation mechanism of such perturbations. Its scientific payload allows us to measure waves in a broad frequency range and also some important plasma parameters (ion composition, electron density and temperature, energetic particles). This paper is a preliminary report of unusual observations recorded by DEMETER over seismic regions prior to earthquakes. The main purpose of the project is to perform a statistical analysis with many events in order to determine the necessary conditions to observe such seismo-electromagnetic effects. It is too early to perform such statistics but data recorded during selected events and shown here are useful since they may point out sensitive parameters which must be particularly surveyed in the statistical analysis.
Possible pre - and post- Earthquake effects in the ionosphere
2007
This paper presents new results on the processing and analysis of INTERCOSMOS-BULGARIA-1300 data for the quasi-static electric field and ion density in the upper ionosphere (h = 800-900 km) over moderate earthquakes' source regions (seismic data of World Data Center, Colorado). The most appropriate data (for satellite orbits above sources of forthcoming or just happened seismic events) were selected from more than 250 investigated cases. Thus, in order to demonstrate electric field and ion density disturbances at different latitudes, the cases of disturbances detected at polar latitude (Southern Ocean, Greenland See), middle latitude (South Pacific Ocean, Indian Ocean), and low latitude (Indian Ocean, South America) are shown. The paper discusses the observed effects of increase in the quasi-static electric field (in the interval 2-30 mV/m) and plasma density variations in the ionosphere.
Monitoring potential ionospheric changes caused by Van earthquake (Mw 7.2)
Annales Geophysicae Discussions, 2018
Many scientists from different disciplines have studied earthquakes for many years. As a result of these studies, it has been proposed that some changes take place in the ionosphere layer before, during or after earthquakes, and the ionosphere should be monitored in earthquake prediction studies. This study investigates the changes in the ionosphere created by the earthquake with magnitude of Mw=7.2 in the northwest of the Lake Erçek which is located to the north of the province of Van in Turkey on 23 October 2011 and at 1.41 pm local time (-3 UT) with the epicenter of 38.75° N, 43.36° E using the TEC values obtained by the Global Ionosphere Models (GIM) created by IONOLAB-TEC and CODE. In order to see whether the ionospheric changes obtained by the study in question were caused by the earthquake or not, the ionospheric conditions were studied by utilizing indices providing information on solar and geomagnetic activities (F10.7 cm, Kp, Dst). One of the results of the statistical test on the TEC values obtained from the both models, positive and negative anomalies were obtained for the times before, on the day of and after the earthquake, and the reasons for these anomalies are discussed in detail in the last section of the study. As the ionospheric conditions in the analyzed days were highly variable, it was thought that the anomalies were caused by geomagnetic effects, solar activity and the earthquake.