Examining the Effects of Mindfulness–Acceptance–Commitment Training on Self-Compassion and Grit among Elite Female Athletes (original) (raw)
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Mindfulness, Self-Compassion, and Athletic Performance in Student-Athletes
2021
Objectives A mindful athlete observes what is happening as it is without judgment. An athlete with self-compassion, on the other hand, comprehends this mindful attitude with kindness and recognizes it as a common element of humanity. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the associations between mindfulness and self-compassion as well as evaluate within the context of athletic performance. Methods Two hundred thirty-seven student-athletes (M age = 21.74, SD = 4.04) completed the Mindfulness Inventory for Sport, the Self-Compassion Scale, and the Personal Best Athletic Result. Results Mindfulness was positively correlated with self-compassion, In addition, while the self-compassion levels of athletes did not differ based on their athletic ranking, athletes who achieved national ranking had a significantly higher score average in the non-judgment sub-dimension of mindfulness compared to the athletes with no ranking. Conclusion Although it is not to possible draw causal relationships, findings suggest that more mindful student-athletes are more self-compassionate. Athletes with national ranking demonstrated a less judgmental attitude compared to athletes with no ranking.
Australasian Psychiatry, 2021
Objectives Research has shown that mindfulness in athletes is associated with positive outcomes. We therefore assessed the effect of mindfulness training on increasing mental toughness (MT) and psychological well-being (PWB). Methods This was a parallel-group, pre-and post-test, randomised controlled pilot trial. Forty-five female athletes from Iranian universities in Tehran were randomly assigned into experimental ( n = 23) and control groups ( n = 22). Forty-two completed the trial. The mindfulness training group received the Mindfulness–Acceptance–Commitment programme for 7 weeks. All subjects completed the Mindfulness Inventory for Sport (MIS), Sports Mental Toughness Questionnaire and PWB Scale. Data were analysed using mixed analysis of variance. Results Mindfulness training increased mindfulness in the experimental group ( p < 0.01). In turn, increased mindfulness led to increased MT and PWB at 2-month follow-up ( p < 0.05). Conclusions Given that mindfulness training m...
Revista Iberoamericana de Psicología del Ejercicio y el Deporte, 2019
Mindfulness-based interventions have consistently demonstrated associations with multiple aspects of flow and sport performance. In this current pilot study we sought to explore the effects of Mindfulness-based program for elite soccer athletes (MBSoccerP) training on self-compassion, mindfulness, and psychological flexibility, flow and sport performance outcomes on a sample of 57 elite soccer players (Portuguese 2ª league) from two different cohorts participated in this study. Also, we examined the relationship between mindfulness, psychological flexibility, and self-compassion at baseline-predicted flow and performance measures. Paired t-tests and correlations were conducted to examine changes and significant relation between variables before and after the MBSoccerP intervention. Also hierarchical regression was used to assess the influence of baseline psychological flexibility, self-compassion, and mindfulness facets on flow and sport performance measures at post-intervention in this pre-/post-pilot study. Results suggested that mindfulness, self-compassion, direct forms of performance and flow improved from pre to post-intervention and psychological inflexibility decreased. Further, mindfulness predicted higher flow at post intervention while controlling for baseline mindfulness. Psychological inflexibility predicted lower dispositional flow at post intervention. Findings suggest that MBSoccerP may be effective for improving flow and performance.
BMC Psychology
Background Mental training intends to support athletes in mastering challenges in sport. The aim of our study was to investigate the differential and shared effects of psychological skills training and mindfulness training on psychological variables relevant to athletic performance (e.g., handling emotions or attention control). We assumed that each approach has its own strengths (e.g., mindfulness has a differential effect on the acceptance of emotions), but for some goals (e.g., attention control), both training forms are expected to be equally successful (i.e., shared effects). Methods A total of 95 athletes (Mage = 24.43, SDage = 5.15; 49% female) were randomly assigned into three groups: psychological skills training intervention (PST), mindfulness training intervention (MT), and wait-list control group (WL). Participants completed a questionnaire battery before and after the training (pretest and posttest). We assessed mindfulness, use of mental strategies, handling of emotion...
Top athletes face various challenges in their career on and off the sports field. Sport psychologists teach techniques to help athletes to cope with these challenges. Over the last 30 years, the techniques used stem mainly from psychological skills training (PST), which is influenced mainly from cognitive-behavioral theories. Recently, interest in mindfulness-based interventions has increased in sport psychology. This article identifies the limits of PST and presents theoretical considerations how mindfulness-based interventions can amend PST. Further, it addresses in what form and by what mechanisms athletes could benefit. In reviewing current mindfulness literature, we conclude that it is important to distinguish between mindfulness practice and dispositional mindfulness. Mind-fulness practice means the methods through which mindful-ness is fostered, whereas dispositional mindfulness describes the tendency to be mindful in everyday life. In our conceptualization, we differ between three interwoven facets of mindfulness practice (intention, attention, and attitude), which are associated with six components of disposi-tional mindfulness. We consider that athletes with a higher degree in mindfulness practice and dispositional mindful-ness will enhance the level of several required psychological skills through various impact mechanisms. Based on theoretical considerations, we suggest bare attention, experien-tial acceptance, values clarifications, self-regulation/ negative emotion regulation, clarity about one's internal life, exposure, flexibility, non-attachment, and rumination as possible impact mechanisms. A greater knowledge of the conceptualization of mindfulness and its impact on psychological skills could develop and improve the effectiveness of mindfulness based interventions in sports.
2016
Doğan Umut, 2016. Mindfulness-Acceptance-Commitment Program for Athletes and Exercisers: An Action Research Case Study. Master’s Thesis in Sport and Exercise Psychology. Department of Sport Sciences. University of Jyväskylä. 74p. Control-based psychological skills training (PST) practices have been widely capitalized on in sport for the past few decades, despite inconsistent empirical evidence of their efficacy on sport performance. The Mindfulness-Acceptance-Commitment (MAC) program has preliminary support as an additional approach in performance enhancement, however, there is very limited research involving its implementation especially within group settings. Current study was aimed at planning, implementation, and evaluation of a seven-session MAC program among a diverse group of active athletes and regular exercisers (n=16). This study was an educational action research case study with a mixed method design. Perspective of a novice instructor and information upon the implementat...
Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 2021
In the present study, the mediating and moderating role of self-compassion in the relationship between mindfulness and happiness was examined through Structural Equation Modeling in student-athletes. Three hundred sixty-three individual and team-sport athletes (63.9% male; 35.8% female; 0.3% non-binary, Mage = 21.51 SD = 3.33) participating in the study were asked to fill out the Mindfulness Inventory for Sport, the Self-Compassion Scale, and the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire. There were significant positive correlations between mindfulness, self-compassion, and happiness. Structural equation modeling revealed that self-compassion did not have a moderator role in the relationship between mindfulness and happiness. On the other hand, self-compassion played a fully mediating role in the relationship between mindfulness and happiness in student-athletes. While these are correlational data that do not permit causal inferences, these findings raise the possibility, in this population, that advances a better understanding of the impact mechanism of mindfulness on happiness.
The Effect of Mindfulness training on Resilience in elite young athletes
word count: 185words Manuscript word count & page count: 6924 words, 30 pages Abstract Background: This study investigated whether mindfulness training can play a role in enhancing resilience in elite young athletes. Methods: Participants (N = 16) recruited from the U18 Women Scottish National Basketball
BMC psychology, 2016
Struggling to deliver performance in competitions is one of the main reasons why athletes seek the advice of sport psychologists. Psychologists apply a variety of intervention techniques, many of which are not evidence-based. Evidence-based techniques promote quality management and could help athletes, for example, to increase and maintain functional athletic behavior in competitions/games (i.e., being focused on task relevant cues and executing movements and actions in high quality). However, well-designed trials investigating the effectiveness of sport psychological interventions for performance enhancement are scarce. The planed study is founded by the Swiss National Science Foundation and examines the effectiveness of two interventions with elite and sub-elite athletes. A psychological skills training (PST) and a mindfulness-based intervention (MI), administered as group-program, will be compared to a waiting-list control group concerning how they enhance functional athletic beh...