Enantioseparation of Dansylated Amino Acids by Ligand-exchange Capillary Electrophoresis Using L-phenylalaninamide, L-lysine or L-threonine as Chiral Selector (original) (raw)
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Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 2009
Enantiomer separations of underivatised amino acids were carried out by using ligand exchange capillary electrophoresis (LECE). Chiral discrimination is based on the formation of ternary complexes between copper(II), a chiral selector (L-proline or trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline) and an amino acid. All amino acids containing aromatic moieties or not were detected at 214 nm because of their interactions with copper(II). In order to reduce copper(II) adsorption onto capillary walls, we used hexadimethrine bromide to reverse the electroosmotic flow. Using this original strategy, the studied enantiomers migrated in the opposite direction of the anodic electroosmosis. After optimising the analytical conditions taking into account the chiral resolution and the detection sensitivity, we performed very satisfactory enantioseparations not only of aromatic amino acids (tryptophan, tyrosine, phenylalanine and histidine) but also of aliphatic amino acids (threonine, serine, isoleucine and valine). These enantioseparations were performed in a short analysis time at 35°C. In order to rationalise the obtained results, we evaluated the complexation constants corresponding to the formed ternary complexes by capillary electrophoresis and we used molecular mechanics modelling.
ELECTROPHORESIS, 2002
The separation of racemic derivatized amino acids (N-acetyl) into their enantiomers was achieved using capillary zone electrophoresis employing vancomycin as a chiral selector. Due to the strong absorption properties of the chiral selector at the low wavelengths used, the partial-filling countercurrent method was adopted in order to improve method sensitivity. In the separation system studied, the chiral selector filled only a part of the capillary and, due to the appropriate selection of the pH, was moving in the opposite direction of the analytes keeping the detector free from absorbing compounds. The effect of several experimental parameters on the enantioresolution of analytes was studied, e.g., vancomycin concentration (0-5 mM), pH of the background electrolyte (pH 4-7), capillary temperature (15-357C), and the presence of an organic modifier in the run buffer (methanol or ethanol or n-propanol). N-Acetyl glutamic acid, serine, cystine, tyrosine, and proline were all baseline-resolved into their enantiomers and the enantioresolution factor (R s ) was increased by raising the vancomycin concentration. pH 4 allowed the baseline resolution of the five studied analytes in the presence of 2.5 mM of chiral selector and an increase in pH caused a decrease of R s .
Electrophoresis, 1998
The direct chiral resolution of underivatized a-amino acids by capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) based on the principle of ligand exchange is described. An N-(2-hydroxyoctyl)-~-4-hydroxyproline/Cu(II) complex was used as a chiral selector. Besides amino acids containing aromatic residues, the basic amino acid histidine was resolved. Baseline separations were obtained for all amino acids investigated. The influence of selector concentration, electrolyte composition and pH on the resolution was investigated. It was found that there is a correlation between PI of the amino acids and the optimal pH.
Recent advances in chiral separation of amino acids using capillary electromigration techniques
Journal of chromatography. A, 2014
This review highlights recent progresses in the chiral recognition and separation of amino acid enantiomers obtained by capillary electromigration techniques, using different chiral selectors and especially cyclodextrins, covering the literature published from January 2010 to March 2014. Sections are dedicated to the use of derivatization reagents and to the possibility to enantioseparate underivatized amino acids by using either ligand exchange capillary electrophoresis (LECE) and capillary electrophoresis (CE) coupled on line with mass spectrometry. A short insight on frontier nanomaterials is also given.
Journal of Chromatography A, 2002
A capillary electrophoretic (CE) method for the enantioseparation of N-protected chiral amino acids was developed using quinine and tert-butyl carbamoylated quinine as chiral selectors added to nonaqueous electrolyte solutions (NACE). A series of various N-derivatized amino acids were tested as chiral selectands, and in order to optimize the CE enantioseparation of these compounds, different parameters were investigated: the nature of the organic solvent, the combination of different solvents, the nature and the concentration of the background electrolyte, the selector concentration, the capillary temperature, and the applied voltage. The influence of these factors on the separation of the analyte enantiomers and the electroosmotic flow was studied. Generally, with tert-butyl carbamoylated quinine as chiral selector, better enantioseparations were achieved than with unmodified quinine. Optimum experimental conditions were found with a buffer made of 12.5 mM ammonia, 100 mM octanoic acid, and 10 mM tert-butyl carbamoylated quinine in an ethanol-methanol mixture (60:40 v/v). Under these conditions, DNB-Leu enantiomers could be separated with a selectivity factor (␣) of 1.572 and a resolution (Rs) of 64.3; a plate number (N) of 127,000 and an asymmetry factor (As) of 0.93 were obtained for the first migrating enantiomer. Chirality 11: 622-630, 1999.
Amino acids as chiral selectors in enantioresolution by liquid chromatography
Biomedical Chromatography, 2012
Amino acids are unique in terms of their structural features and multidimensional uses. With their simple structures and the ready availability of both enantiomers, amino acids not only serve as a chiral pool for synthesis but also provide an inexpensive pool for resolution studies. There has been no attempt to review the application of amino acids as chiral selectors for chromatographic enantioresolution of pharmaceuticals and other compounds. The present paper deals with application of L-amino acids and complexes of L-amino acids with a metal ion, particularly Cu(II), as an impregnating reagent in thin-layer chromatography or as a chiral ligand exchange reagent or a chiral mobile phase additive in both thin-layer chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography. Enantiomeric resolution of b-blockers, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories, amino acids (and their derivatives) and certain other compounds is discussed. Copyright
Electrophoresis, 2002
Enantioseparation of chiral aromatic amino acids by capillary electrophoresis in neutral and charged cyclodextrin selector modes Simultaneous enantioseparations of 15 racemic aromatic amino acids and L-mimosine for their chiral discrimination were achieved by neutral selector-modified capillary electrophoresis (CE) and by charged selector-modified CE. Among the diverse cyclodextrins (CDs) examined, hydroxypropyl (HP)-a-CD as the neutral selector and highly sulfated (HS)-g-CD as the charged selector provided best chiral environments of different enantioselectivities. Fairly good enantiomeric resolutions were achieved with the HPa-CD mode except for racemic 6-hydroxy-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine, threo-3,4dihydroxyphenylserine and homophenylalanine while high-resolution separations of all the enantiomeric pairs were achieved in the HS-g-CD mode except that L-mimosine was not detected and a partial resolution (0.6) for threo-3,4-dihydroxyphenylserine enantiomers. Relative migration times to that of internal standard under the respective optimum conditions were characteristic of each enantiomer with good precision (% RSD: 0.7-3.8), thereby enabling to cross-check the chemical identification of aromatic amino acids and also their chiralities. The method linearity was found to be adequate (r. 0.99) for the chiral assay of the aromatic amino acids investigated. When applied to extracts of three plant seeds, nonprotein amino acids such as L-mimosine (42 mg/g) from Mimosa pudica Linné, and L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (268 mg/g) from Vicia faba were positively detected along with L-tryptophan, L-phenylalanine and L-tyrosine.
Chirality, 1999
A capillary electrophoretic (CE) method for the enantioseparation of N-protected chiral amino acids was developed using quinine and tert-butyl carbamoylated quinine as chiral selectors added to nonaqueous electrolyte solutions (NACE). A series of various N-derivatized amino acids were tested as chiral selectands, and in order to optimize the CE enantioseparation of these compounds, different parameters were investigated: the nature of the organic solvent, the combination of different solvents, the nature and the concentration of the background electrolyte, the selector concentration, the capillary temperature, and the applied voltage. The influence of these factors on the separation of the analyte enantiomers and the electroosmotic flow was studied. Generally, with tert-butyl carbamoylated quinine as chiral selector, better enantioseparations were achieved than with unmodified quinine. Optimum experimental conditions were found with a buffer made of 12.5 mM ammonia, 100 mM octanoic acid, and 10 mM tert-butyl carbamoylated quinine in an ethanol-methanol mixture (60:40 v/v). Under these conditions, DNB-Leu enantiomers could be separated with a selectivity factor (␣) of 1.572 and a resolution (Rs) of 64.3; a plate number (N) of 127,000 and an asymmetry factor (As) of 0.93 were obtained for the first migrating enantiomer. Chirality 11: 622-630, 1999.
Chiral separation of halogenated amino acids by ligand-exchange capillary electrophoresis
ELECTROPHORESIS, 2005
Chiral separation of halogenated amino acids by ligand-exchange capillary electrophoresis The chiral separation of halogenated amino acids by ligand-exchange CE is described. Halogenated amino acids attracted increasing interest in recent years because of their physiological activities. Different chiral selectors, as there are L-4-hydroxyproline, L-histidine, and N-alkyl derivatives of L-4-hydroxyproline in form of their copper(II) complexes, are compared for their chiral recognition ability for halogenated amino acids. The influence of various parameters, such as selector concentration, pH, organic modifier, and field strength, on the resolution was investigated. All halogenated amino acids investigated were baseline-separated under optimized conditions.
Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 2013
Stereoselective amino acid analysis has increasingly moved into the scope of interest of the scientific community. In this work, we report a study on the chiral separation of underivatized D,L-His by ligand exchange capillary electrophoresis (LECE), utilizing accurate ex ante calculations. This has been obtained by the addition to the background electrolytes (BGE) of NaClO 4 which renders the separations "all in solution processes", allowing to accurately calculate in advance the concentrations of the species present in solution and to optimize the system performances. To this aim, the formation of ternary complexes of Cu 2+ ion and L-lysine (L-Lys) or L-ornithine (L-Orn) with L-and D-histidine (His), and histamine (Hm) have been studied by potentiometry and calorimetry at 25°C and with 0.1 mol dm −3 (KNO 3 ) in aqueous solution. The ternary species [Cu(L)(L-His)H] + and [Cu(L)(D-His)H] + (where L0L-Lys or L-Orn) show a slight but still detectable stereoselectivity, and the determination of ΔH°and ΔS°values allowed the understanding of the factors which determine this phenomenon. The stereoselectivity showed by the protonated ternary species has been exploited to chirally separate D,L-His in LECE, by using the binary complexes of copper(II) with L-Lys or L-Orn as background electrolytes added with the appropriate amounts of NaClO 4 .