Root Morphology, Allometric Relations and Rhizosheath of Ancient and Modern Tetraploid Wheats (Triticum durum Desf.) in Response to Inoculation with Trichoderma harzianum T-22 (original) (raw)
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Frontiers in plant science, 2017
Domestication has induced major genetic changes in crop plants to satisfy human needs and as a consequence of adaptation to agroecosystems. This adaptation might have affected root exudate composition, which can influence the interactions in the rhizosphere. Here, using two different soil types (sand, soil), we provide an original example of the impact of domestication and crop evolution on root exudate composition through metabolite profiling of root exudates for a panel of 10 wheat genotypes that correspond to the key steps in domestication of tetraploid wheat (wild emmer, emmer, durum wheat). Our data show that soil type can dramatically affect the composition of root exudates in the rhizosphere. Moreover, the composition of the rhizosphere metabolites is associated with differences among the genotypes of the wheat domestication groups, as seen by the high heritability of some of the metabolites. Overall, we show that domestication and breeding have had major effects on root exud...
Frontiers in Plant Science, 2017
Domestication has induced major genetic changes in crop plants to satisfy human needs and as a consequence of adaptation to agroecosystems. This adaptation might have affected root exudate composition, which can influence the interactions in the rhizosphere. Here, using two different soil types (sand, soil), we provide an original example of the impact of domestication and crop evolution on root exudate composition through metabolite profiling of root exudates for a panel of 10 wheat genotypes that correspond to the key steps in domestication of tetraploid wheat (wild emmer, emmer, durum wheat). Our data show that soil type can dramatically affect the composition of root exudates in the rhizosphere. Moreover, the composition of the rhizosphere metabolites is associated with differences among the genotypes of the wheat domestication groups, as seen by the high heritability of some of the metabolites. Overall, we show that domestication and breeding have had major effects on root exudates in the rhizosphere, which suggests the adaptive nature of these changes.
Agronomy, 2018
Root system size is a key trait for improving water and nitrogen uptake efficiency in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). This study aimed (i) to characterize the root system and shoot traits of five wheat cultivars with apparent differences in root system size; (ii) to evaluate whether the apparent differences in root system size observed at early vegetative stages in a previous semi-hydroponic phenotyping experiment are reflected at later phenological stages in plants grown in soil using large rhizoboxes. The five wheat cultivars were grown in a glasshouse in rhizoboxes filled to 1.0 m with field soil. Phenology and shoot traits were measured and root growth and proliferation were mapped to quantify root length density (RLD), root length per plant, root biomass and specific root length (SRL). Wheat cultivars with large root systems had greater root length, more root biomass and thicker roots, particularly in the top 40 cm, than those with small root systems. Cultivars that reached anthesis later had larger root system sizes than those that reached anthesis earlier. Later anthesis allowed more time for root growth and proliferation. Cultivars with large root systems had 25% more leaf area and biomass than those with small root systems, which presumably reflects high canopy photosynthesis to supply the demand for carbon assimilates to roots. Wheat cultivars with contrasting root system sizes at the onset of tillering (Z2.1) in a semi-hydroponic phenotyping system maintained their size ranking at booting (Z4.5) when grown in soil. Phenology, particularly time to anthesis, was associated with root system size.
Background and Objective: What crop is an important strategic crop all over the world and especially in Egypt. There are many factors affecting wheat growth and grain yield such as high yielding cultivars and distribution of wheat plant in the field within controlling the planting density as well as weed control, including the growth of roots. Root system of any plant or crop is one of the important organs from anchoring the plant to regulate plant growth. Root system responds to any ecological factors as well as agriculture managements. Plant roots play a vital role in water and mineral acquisition and uptake. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of cultivars variation, row spacing and weed control methods on wheat plants roots development, which would be translated into grain yield. Methodology: Two field experiments were carried out at the experimental farm of faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig university in the winter seasons of 2015/2016 and 2016/2017 in new cultivated sandy soil using three Egyptian cultivars and three row spacings (10, 15 and 20 cm) and five different control methods (check, hand weeding, narrow leaf herbicide, broad leaf herbicide, both narrow and broad leaf herbicide). Results: The results showed significant differences between wheat cultivars in most of root parameters at different soil depths and layers at various growth stages. Also, studied root parameters showed significant variations between row spacing of wheat in favor of 20 cm row spacing. Root parameters significantly varied due to weed control methods. The response of root number density, root length density, root surface area and root dry weight of wheat differed due to weed control methods, soil depths and layers as well as at different wheat growth stages. On the other hand, roots growth rate was significantly affected by cultivars, row spacing and weed control methods. Simple correlation coefficient between wheat grain yield and root growth parameters was not significant, but root number was significant with other root growth parameters. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that root growth is affected by many of agriculture managements, like row spacing and methods of weed control stated that wheat varieties significantly differed in root patterns and the variation in soil moisture may cause this.
2016
Finding ways to increase the wheat adaptation to drought is now considered as a major problem in breeding new varieties of this crop. This study was conducted to evaluate genotypic differences in fundamental root traits which may have effect on wheat adaptation to unfavorable environments, including drought. Three wheat genotypes representing various evolution levels of hexaploid bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were used: synthetic wheat developed by crossing variety LEUCURUM 84693 of durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf., genome АВ, Ukraine) with wild Tausch's goat grass (Aegilops tauschii Coss., genome D, Turkey), landrace of bread wheat Albostan (genome ABD, Turkey, province Nevşehir), and a modern cultivar Karahan (genome ABD, Turkey). The varieties differed in root diameter, shoot biomass and shoot/root ratio. The removal of above ground biomass caused increase in the root length, number of tips, number of forks, number of crosses and shoot/root biomass ratio of synthetic wh...
Root:shoot ratios of old and modern, tall and semi-dwarf wheats in a mediterranean environment
Plant Soil, 1990
A field study tested the hypothesis that modern wheat varieties invest a lesser proportion of the total dry matter (root plus shoot) in the root system compared to old varieties. The study was carried out on a duplex soil (sand over clay) at Merredin, Western Australia in a Mediterranean type environment. We also compared the root:shoot dry matter ratios of near-isogenic lines for Rht dwarfing genes.
Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2013
Root architecture traits in wheat are important in deep soil moisture acquisition and may be used to improve adaptation to water-limited environments. The genetic architecture of two root traits, seminal root angle and seminal root number, were investigated using a doubled haploid population derived from SeriM82 and Hartog. Multiple novel quantitative trait loci (QTL) were identified, each one having a modest effect. For seminal root angle, four QTL (-log 10 (P) [3) were identified on 2A, 3D, 6A and 6B, and two suggestive QTL (-log 10 (P) [2) on 5D and 6B. For root number, two QTL were identified on 4A and 6A with four suggestive QTL on 1B, 3A, 3B and 4A. QTL for root angle and root number did not co-locate. Transgressive segregation was found for both traits. Known major height and phenology loci appear to have little effect on root angle and number. Presence or absence of the T1BL.1RS translocation did not significantly influence root angle. Broad sense heritability (h 2 ) was estimated as 50 % for root angle and 31 % for root number. Root angle QTL were found to be segregating between wheat cultivars adapted to the target production region indicating potential to select for root angle in breeding programs. Communicated by F. Hochholdinger.
Effects of breeding history and crop management on the root architecture of wheat
2020
ABSTRACTAimsSelection for optimal root system architecture (RSA) is important to ensure genetic gains in the sustainable production of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Here we examine the idea that past wheat breeding has led to changes in RSA and that future breeding efforts can focus directly on root traits to improve adaptation to a target environment.MethodsWe conducted three field trials using diverse wheat varieties, including modern and historic UK varieties and non-UK landraces, tested under contrasting tillage regimes (non-inversion tillage versus conventional ploughing) or different seeding rates (standard rate versus high rate). We used field excavation, washing and measurement of root crowns (‘shovelomics’) to characterise RSA traits, including: numbers of seminal, crown and nodal roots per plant, and crown root growth angle.ResultsWe found large differences among genotypes for all root traits. Modern varieties generally had fewer roots per plant than historic varieties. Th...
Journal of Experimental Botany, 1996
Wheat leaves [Triticum aestivum L.) elongated 50% more slowly when plants were grown in soils with high mechanical resistance to penetration (flj. The profiles of epidermal cell lengths along the growth zone of expanding leaves and the locations of newly formed walls were recorded in order to compare the kinetics of elongation and partitioning of both meristematic and non-meristematic cells. In leaf 5, which completely developed under stress, high ft, did not affect the flux of mature cells through the elongation zone; leaf elongation was reduced only because these cells were shorter. This reduced size reflected a reduction in cell length at partitioning, associated with shorter cycling time. The relative rates of cell elongation before and after partitioning were unchanged. Cell fluxes were similar because the population of meristematic cells was reduced, offsetting their increased partitioning rate. In contrast, in leaf 1, high ft, had no effect on the number of dividing cells; elongation rate was reduced because of slower relative cell expansion rate and slower cell partitioning rate. These differences could reflect differences in the stage at which successive leaves perceived root stress and also timedependent changes in the responsiveness of leaf development to stress-induced root signals or in the nature of these signals.
The Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences
The root system architecture has bearing on realizing the yield potential of genotypes. The 24 popular wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties released during the last 50 years for North Western Plain Zone (NWPZ) of India were used to study root traits and yield contributing traits two years and three locations. Association between the deeper root angles and yield were significant and the number of tillers is also associated with the number and angular distribution of crown roots. There is a relative adjustment in yield attributing and root architectural traits of varieties. The varieties HD3086, PBW502, WH1124, DPW621-50, PBW550 and WH1105 have largely modulated the yield through root traits while, the varieties DBW17, WH1142, HD2967, HD2009 and HD2687 have modulated yield through TGW and tillers along with roots. The other old varieties were modulating yield through aboveground traits only. There were significant genotypic effects for deeper crown root angles, days to heading, and ...