The Software Cost Estimation Method Based on Fuzzy Ontology (original) (raw)

Fuzzy Model of Software Implementation Based on Ontology

2015

IT project concerning a selected class of ERP while related to dimensioning (cost estimation) of the project within the scope of any selected properties (metrics), e.g. changes in the cost of software is considered. According to specific customer’s requirements suppliers face the problem of determining the cost of additional works. Most methods of cost estimation bring satisfactory results only at the stage of pre-implementation analysis. However, suppliers need to know the estimated cost as early as at the stage of trade talks. A method, which gives more accurate results at the stage of trade talks is a method based on the ontology of implementation costs. This paper proposes a modification of the method involving the use of fuzzy attributes, classes, instances and relations in the ontology. The result provides not only the information about the value of work, but also about the minimum and maximum expected cost, and the most likely range of costs. This solution allows suppliers ef...

A Fuzzy Logic Approach for Software Cost Prediction

2020

Software cost prediction is the technique of accurately evaluating the amount while developing the software. Estimation involves the total time required for the completion of the software, effort required that is measured in terms of person per month (PM), and the total cost to complete the activity. Accuracy and duration are the two desirable criteria in the software estimation process. In software estimation process, there are several inputs that are being fed to the system and these inputs are used for the generation or calculation of the set of outputs. The important work of the software project managers in the present scenario is the computation of cost or effort before the absolute advancement of any particular software. There are several methods applied for software cost estimation but we will focus on the fuzzy logic which is a soft-computing method. We feel that model which is based on fuzzy logic for the software cost estimation should be able to give the uncertain values ...

A Cost Estimation System for Manufacturing Product Using Ontology and Exepert System

IFAC Proceedings Volumes, 2007

The capability to estimate accurately the internal costs of a product in the different stages of the development as well as external cost at the quote step is of a strategic importance to a company. The traditional accounting methods as well as the estimation tools have shown their limits to provide a stringent unified tool in both the accounting and the technical sides. A Method of estimation based on the Cost Entity was born recently in order to overcome the loopholes of the usual methods. This method allows from a more or less complete description of the product to link the manufacturing processes (Manufacturing Entities) with the consumption of the associated resources (Cost Entities). The highly cognitive character of such an approach suits the use of a knowledge formalization tool, like ontology. In fact, besides being a simple referencing tool for objects and concepts, the ontologies will allow to capitalize, formalize and structure the concrete knowledge (product description, process…) as well as the abstract one (calculus process, expert rules…) which are both required for cost estimations. The treatment of this knowledge to obtain cost estimation will be done by an independent expert system.

Research Paper on Software Cost Estimation Using Fuzzy Logic

Software cost estimation is one of the biggest challenges in these days due to tremendous completion. You have to bid so close so that you can get the consignment if your cost estimation is too low are too high in that cases organization has to suffer that why it becomes very crucial to get consignment. One of the important issues in software project management is accurate and reliable estimation of software time, cost, and manpower, especially in the early phase of software development. Software attributes usually have properties of uncertainty and vagueness when they are measured by human judgment. A software cost estimation model incorporates fuzzy logic can overcome the uncertainty and vagueness of software attributes. However, determination of the suitable fuzzy rule sets for fuzzy inference system plays an important role in coming up with accurate and reliable software estimates. The objective of our research was to examine the application of applying fuzzy logic in software cost estimation that can perform more accurate result. In fuzzy logic there are various membership function for example Gaussian, triangular, trapezoidal and many more. Out of these by hit and trial method we find triangular membership function (MF) yields least MRE and MMRE and this MRE must be less than 25%. In our research this value came around 15% which is very fair enough to estimate. Cost can be found out using the equation if payment is known Cost = Effort * (Payment Month). Therefore the effort needed for a particular software project using fuzzy logic is estimated. In our research NASA (93) data set used to calculate fuzzy logic COCOMO II. From this table size of code and actual effort has been taken. In end after comparing the result we found that our proposed technique is far superior to base work.

Fuzzy Logic based Software cost estimation 2013.pdf

Software cost estimation is a challenging and onerous task. Estimation by analogy is one of the expedient techniques in software effort estimation field. However, the methodology utilized for the estimation of software effort by analogy is not able to handle the categorical data in an explicit and precise manner. Early software estimation models are based on regression analysis or mathematical derivations. Today's models are based on simulation, neural network, genetic algorithm, soft computing, fuzzy logic modelling etc. This paper aims to utilize a fuzzy logic model to improve the accuracy of software effort estimation. In this approach fuzzy logic is used to fuzzify input parameters of COCOMO II model and the result is defuzzified to get the resultant Effort. Triangular fuzzy numbers are used to represent the linguistic terms in COCOMO II model. The results of this model are compared with COCOMO II and Alaa Sheta Model. The proposed model yields better results in terms of MMRE, PRED(n) and VAF.

Cost Estimation in Initial Stages of Product Development - An Ontological Approach

Transdisciplinary Engineering for Complex Socio-technical Systems, 2019

Cost estimation in the early stages of the product development process is fraught with uncertainties. The conceptual design is characterized by the absence of data, the most critical being costs. Decisions based on incorrect assumptions impact a project significantly and can increase unexpected costs in the future. As there are no structured means of obtaining costs in the conceptual phase, the reuse of data from past projects is an alternative discussed in the literature. Knowledge management approaches suggest a search for data in successful earlier projects. The use of ontologies has been regarded as an approach to capturing either knowledge stored in database or tacit knowledge. The proposed solution, in the form of an expert system built upon an ontological model, seeks to estimate costs based on costs in previous projects as well as expert tacit knowledge. The model is demonstrated by queries with needed functions and requirements. The ontological model searches the necessary information and generates a cost estimation. The present research project follows the methodological framework Design Science Research, presenting an overhead crane as a case study. The proposed approach has great potential in other industrial contexts as well.

Fuzzy Based Software Cost Estimation Methods: A Comparative Study

2015

Software cost estimation is the process of predicting the effort required to develop a software system. Many estimation models have been proposed over the last 30 years. With the development of software engineering, estimation of project cost and duration has been a very important work. It plays an important role in project bid and project planning. Many papers have been published regarding this topic, which aims at predicting costs of projects to a tolerable degree of accuracy at the early stage. In this paper, several existing fuzzy logic methods for software cost estimation are illustrated and they are compared with the intermediate COCOMO model. Comparing the features of the methods, it could be applied for clustering based on abilities and is also useful for selecting the special method for each project.

Software cost estimation using fuzzy logic

ACM Sigsoft Software Engineering Notes, 2010

Effective Software cost estimation is one of the most challenging and important activities in Software development. The software industry does not estimate projects well. In this paper we have represented size in KLOC as a Fuzzy number. A new model is presented using fuzzy logic to estimate effort required in software development. We use MATLAB for tuning the parameters of famous COCOMO model. The performance of model is evaluated on published software projects data. Comparison of results from our model with existing prevalent models is done.