The Evaluation of Municipal Waste in Counties in Poland with the Use of the Theory of Phenomena Spatial Concentration (original) (raw)

Assessment of changes in the municipal waste accumulation in Poland

Environmental Science and Pollution Research

The aim of the work was to assess the effectiveness of municipal waste management in Poland over the period 2012–2017, considering the accumulation of waste collected selectively and non-selectively per capita and the changes resulting from the implementation of Directives 1999/31/EC and 2008/98/EC in Polish legislation. Within 6 years, noticeable changes in the country initiated by the EU and national legislation indicated an increase in the amount of waste to be recovered. However, the achieved efficiency of limiting the deposited waste at the level of 20% was moderate, despite the existence of infrastructure allowing for increased recovery. The analysis of the efficiency of waste management showed a certain convergence of the increase in the amount of generated waste and gross domestic product (GDP). On the other hand, the increase in accumulated organic waste per capita in all three dimensions of time was the most significant and exceeded 20%.

Municipal waste management in Polish national and local plans

2008

Physicochemical properties of municipal waste collected in Poland have been characterized quantitatively. The regulations and methods for municipal waste management used in Poland have been discussed. At present the methods most often used for municipal waste are the selective collection (the use of materials which with the present state of technique and technology can be recycled) or segregation of the collected waste. This is the first stage – besides landfilling – on the way to render municipal waste harmless. An insignificant increase in the amount of waste subjected to various treatments outside landfills, which has been observed in recent years, results from the fact that a very small amount of such waste has been obtained from segregated waste products and those selected from mixed waste. The currently available techniques enable effective treatment of waste; however, in Poland we lack such installations. Another barrier to the use of these methods is created by people themse...

Factors of Changes in Waste Management in a Mountain Region of Southern Poland

Journal of Ecological Engineering

The aim of the work was to analyse the changes in the effectiveness of municipal waste management for the period 2009-2015, in one of the largest counties in the mountainous region of southern Poland. Socio-demographic factors, as well as changes as a result of the implementation of the provisions of Directive 1999/31/WE and Directive 2008/98/EC into Polish legislation, are considered. Over the period of seven years, there was a significant increase in the amount of municipal waste generated in the county of 32%, with a simultaneous increase in the number of inhabitants and a decrease in the number of individuals registered as unemployed. An increase in the amount of waste that is non-selectively collected and the number of properties covered by collections of municipal waste occurred before there were any changes in waste management. However, after the changes, the amount of six types of waste selectively collected (paper and cardboard, plastic, metal, bulky, WEEE) increased, with a significant 40% share of glass waste reference to the selectively collected waste. This may result from the changes in waste management. However, over the whole research period, more than 80% of waste was non-selectively collected, which may result from a lack of ecological awareness.

A Comparative Analysis of Municipal Waste Management Systems

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 2016

Waste management is important in the activities of local authorities. Therefore, attention to waste management is reflected in the nature of a commune. The system analysis of chosen waste management is significant due to the need to improve the activities undertaken to achieve the best results. The aim of such a work was a comparative analysis of the efficiency of waste commune systems in two local government units within the Małopolska region of Poland. The subjects of comparative analysis of waste management systems were two selected communes of different sizes located within the same county. The study included the quantity and quality of collected municipal waste and indicators of their accumulation in 2007-10. On the basis of the conducted analysis that the inhabited commune had a larger number of inhabitants and with a larger surface area, the waste disposal was carried out more frequently by a substantial amount of subjects. The commune has also identified significantly more than 3.5 times the average of total waste. In both communities and regardless of the noted differences a growing trend of the quantities selectively waste collected were about 32% lower in the commune with fewer inhabitants, in which waste collection of paper and cardboard generated no result. Generally conducted in both communes, recovery contributed for favorable weight limitations the assembled waste on an average of 30 %. Dealt with in the period of waste accumulation indicators begins to differentiated an average increase of 14 kg·person-1 ·year-1 , and 2 Mg·km-2 in favor of more commune. As significant was in the municipality of year 2009, in which it were achieved the highest values of amounts of the collected the and sent to the assembled waste, the highest indicators of waste accumulation, in despite of made note the highest number of inhabitants in the next year.

Municipal Waste Management in Poland Compared to Other European Union Countries

Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae

The paper discusses the current state of municipal waste management in Poland compared to other European Union countries. It indicates the amounts of municipal waste generated over the last few years in Poland and other EU countries. The paper compares waste treatment methods in Poland and Europe, such as recycling, composting, thermal treatment and waste disposal. An analysis of municipal waste processing installations in Poland is presented. The trends in the municipal waste management system in recent years have also been described. In the field of municipal waste management in Poland, there have been significant changes. The amount of waste sent to landfills has decreased, and the amount of waste recovered and recycled has increased. These changes are positive and reflect the development of municipal waste management systems in other EU countries. The article indicates the problems and directions of changes in the field of municipal waste management in Poland in the coming years...

Spatial analysis of the recyclable municipal solid waste

Proceedings of the 7th International ORBIT 2010, 2010

This study examines the spatial variation in the amounts of dry Recyclable MSW (RMSW) collected at the local authority level of geography in Greece. The full dataset of the HERRCO for the year 2009 was explored and the data for those local authorities that participated in the recycling program for the full calendar year were used. In order to investigate its spatial structure and to examine the existence of spatial autocorrelation Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis (ESDA) methodology was applied to the above dataset. The overall and local Moran’s I was calculated for the per capita collected dry recyclable materials in the MSW. The results show that the amounts of dry recyclable materials in municipal solid waste exhibit a relatively strong spatial autocorrelation. The results and conclusions of this analysis could help in informed decision making in relation to the operational and strategic planning of the MSW management by the HERRCO and by the national and local government.

Assessment of the Changes in the Economy of Municipal Waste in Poland After 2004

New Trends in Production Engineering, 2018

The aim of European Union policy is to implement the principles of sustainable development, in which particularly important are: environmental protection and rational management of resources. Major role is given to waste management and appropriate prioritization of activities in this area. The main goal of waste management is prevention, minimization and elimination of wastes “at source”, as well as encouraging efficient use of natural resources through recovery and recycling of waste. Storage process should be minimalized over the years until the complete elimination. As shown by statistics data, unfortunately in Poland, the process is very slow. The analysis of the data provided by the Central Statistical Office (CSO) over the last thirteen years shows a significant increase in the level of recovery and recycling of municipal waste. All together it was 11.654 million Mg of municipal waste collected in 2016. Wastes selected from municipal waste (paper, glass, plastics, metals) acco...

Monitoring of municipal waste generated in the City of Warsaw

Waste Management & Research, 2012

Waste management in the new EU member states is currently undergoing rapid development in order to comply with the European legislation. In Poland there is a lack of capacity of waste treatment installations for residual waste which amounts to 5.5 million tonnes year −1 . Detailed data on waste generation is needed to design new installations and ensure their efficient operation. This paper presents the results of the monitoring of municipal waste generation in Warsaw, being one of the largest agglomerations in the region. Detailed quantitative and qualitative results for both household and institutional waste are provided, as well as the technological properties of the household waste. The amount of municipal waste generated per capita amounted to 390 kg year −1 . The main fractions contributing to the mixed household waste were: biodegradable kitchen waste, packaging plastics, non-packaging paper and cardboard, packaging glass and packaging paper and cardboard. The coarse fraction (> 100 mm) constituted 40% of total household waste, of which the majority were recyclables. The lower heating value of residual waste was sufficient to allow mass incineration. Data on historical developments of household waste quantities and composition since the year 2000 along with their estimates until the year 2020 are provided and discussed. Current problems of municipal waste management in Warsaw along with the proposed future solutions are briefly outlined.

Analysis of Changes in Municipal Waste Management at the County Level

Journal of Ecological Engineering

The objective of the study was to identify system changes in waste management, including qualitative and quantitative changes in the Łososina Dolna County between 2012 and 2014, taking into account eleven waste streams in the period before and after the introduction of these changes on the level of the county. Differences in the county's tasks with respect to municipal waste management, which became clear after the changes, were shown along with their impact on the effectiveness of the assigned tasks related to taking over the obligations of waste collection by property owners. On this basis, a 10% growth in the quantity of collected municipal waste was noticed after the changes, as well as a 4% growth in recycled materials, in particular plastic. A drop on the level of 8.5% in the collected mixed municipal waste was considered favourable; however, a drop in the share of glass waste amounting to 5.28% and was considered as negative. In spite of the introduced changes in the municipal waste stream, the share of non-segregated waste of over 67.55% remained significant. The year of changes was characterised by relatively low value of waste accumulation index on the level of 0.26 kg• M-1 •day-1. The aim of the study was to assess the efficiency of municipal waste management in the Łososina Dolna County in comparison to system changes in waste management introduced at the end of the first and the beginning of the second half of 2013.

Analysis of implementing sustainable municipal solid waste management. Krakow city case study.

14th SGEM GeoConference on ECOLOGY, ECONOMICS, EDUCATION AND LEGISLATION, 2014

In the second half of the twentieth century the problems related to waste disposal have become a serious civilization challenge. Economic and technical development led to increased production of waste. The most important objective of the Waste Framework Directive (Directive 2008/98/EC on waste) is to break the link between economic growth and waste generation. The principles of sustainable development and the European Union regulations for sustainable waste management are the main guidelines for municipal waste management policy in Poland. According to the Directive, sustainable treatment of waste must follow the hierarchy which is listed in order of priority: prevention, preparing for reuse, recycling, other recovery e.g. energy recovery and disposal. A number of reforms were introduced in Poland according to the EU guidelines. New regulations organizing a new waste management system in the country were introduced in 2013. The local governments were responsible for the implementation of the new policy. Also, the local government of the city of Krakow had to reform municipal waste management. The paper presents issues related to the municipal waste management in Krakow. Analysis presented in the article shows municipal waste collection system and main installations for the waste management and processing. Installations for composting biodegradable waste, segregation of recyclable materials, alternative fuel processing and waste storage in the landfill are described as well as the municipal waste incineration plant - the largest of the investments in the municipal waste management.