Tree Diversity and Tree Community Composition in Northern Part of Megacity Bengaluru, India (original) (raw)
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Differences in tree species diversity along the rural-urban gradient in Bengaluru, India
Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 2019
Trees are invaluable and multifunctional elements of many land cover types. In urban areas trees serve particularly important ecological and environmental functions. In order to manage the multi-functionality of trees as efficiently as possible, biophysical information on the presence and distribution of species is helpful, as is general information about their provenance, utilization and services. This study examined the tree species diversity along the rural-urban gradient in the rapidly expanding megacity of Bengaluru, India, where the focus was on density and species composition. A number of 23 observation plots of 1-ha each in built-up environments were established within a 50 × 5 km transect running from the city center to the rural surroundings. Tree species diversity decreased with increasing distance to the city center due to the abundance of non-native ornamental tree species in the urban areas. The percentage of native species was about the same along the gradient (around 35% in urban, transition and rural areas). Our study offers a comprehensive description of tree species diversity along the rural-urban gradient in Bengaluru, which may bear connections, for example, to bird and insect diversity, and which may also be of interest and relevant for city planners and administrators as well as for researchers and the general public. Moreover, our study does adds to the relatively limited information available on this topic in South Asia and suggests a design that is transferable to other urban areas. In addition, we hope to raise a critical awareness that contributes to protecting and developing the unique tree cover in Bengaluru.
Forest Ecosystems, 2025
Rapid urbanization has caused significant changes along the urban-rural gradient, leading to a variety of landscapes that are mainly shaped by human activities. This dynamic interplay also influences the distribution and characteristics of trees outside forests (TOF). Understanding the pattern of these trees will support informed decision-making in urban planning, in conservation strategies, and altogether in sustainable land management practices in the urban context. In this study, we employed a deep learning-based object detection model and high resolution satellite imagery to identify 1.3 million trees with bounding boxes within a 250 km 2 research transect spanning the urban-rural gradient of Bengaluru, a megacity in Southern India. Additionally, we developed an allometric equation to estimate diameter at breast height (DBH) from the tree crown diameter (CD) derived from the detected bounding boxes. Our study focused on analyzing variations in tree density and tree size along this gradient. The findings revealed distinct patterns: the urban domain displayed larger tree crown diameters (mean: 8.87 m) and DBH (mean: 43.78 cm) but having relatively low tree density (32 trees per hectare). Furthermore, with increasing distance from the city center, tree density increased, while the mean tree crown diameter and mean tree basal area decreased, showing clear differences of tree density and size between the urban and rural domains in Bengaluru. This study offers an efficient methodology that helps generating instructive insights into the dynamics of TOF along the urban-rural gradient. This may inform urban planning and management strategies for enhancing green infrastructure and biodiversity conservation in rapidly urbanizing cities like Bengaluru.
Urban Tree Diversity of Honnavara, Uttara Kannada District, Karnataka, India
International Journal of Engineering and Scientific Research, 2014
Urban trees serve many useful functions such as climate change mitigation by carbon sequestration, air quality improvement by air pollution abatement, biodiversity conservation and source of ecosystem goods to urban inhabitants. They also have aesthetic, socio-religious and recreational value in urban contexts. In spite of the importance, they have not received much scientific attention. This paper investigates the diversity and density of tree species growing both
URBAN TREE DIVERSITY OF KARWAR, KARNATAKA, INDIA
International Journal of Engineering, Science and Mathematics, 2012
Urban trees serve many useful functions such as climate change mitigation by carbon sequestration, air quality improvement by air pollution abatement, biodiversity conservation and source of ecosystem goods to urban inhabitants. They also have aesthetic, socio-religious and recreational value in urban contexts. In spite of the importance, they have not received much scientific attention. This paper investigates the diversity and density of tree species growing both within the built environment as well as roadside avenues in the seaside town of Karwar which is the administrative headquarters of Uttara Kannada district of Karnataka. The total area of the town is 27.15 km 2 and population (2001 census) is 62,973.
URBAN TREE DIVERSITY OF KARWAR, KARNATAKA
Urban trees serve many useful functions such as climate change mitigation by carbon sequestration, air quality improvement by air pollution abatement, biodiversity conservation and source of ecosystem goods to urban inhabitants. They also have aesthetic, socio-religious and recreational value in urban contexts. In spite of the importance, they have not received much scientific attention. This paper investigates the diversity and density of tree species growing both within the built environment as well as roadside avenues in the seaside town of Karwar
Ecology, Environment and Conservation
'New Delhi' capital of India is under immense pressure to sustain increasing population and to cope up with urbanization. It has urban forests or ridges, which aids the Delhi's healthy lifestyle by balancing ecosystem. To assess the forest health the species composition, density, basal area, IVI, diversity indices, regeneration status of tree species were evaluated. Three sites namely Kamla Nehru Ridge (KR), Central Ridge (CR) and Southern Ridge (SR) were selected. A total of 51 tree species belonging to 21 families were reported. Species richness varied for trees (20-37), saplings (5-20) and seedlings (5-11). Densities ranged between (517-1043 Individuals/ha) for trees, saplings (133-470 Individuals/ha) and seedlings (53-273 Individuals/ha) respectively. Species diversity ranged between for trees (2.3-3.3), saplings (1.4-2.2) and seedlings (1.5-2.1). Total basal area varied from 4.87 to 22.94 m 2 /ha (trees), 0.26 to 0.49 m 2 /ha (saplings) and 0.17 to 0.02 m 2 /ha (seedlings). Maximum species (20-70%) showed 'no' regeneration whereas, (30-50%) showed 'poor' regeneration and only Acacia leucocephala showed 'fair' regeneration in SR. It was observed that Prosopis juliflora was the dominant species in all three sites; it is an exotic species which hinders the understory growth. All over regeneration status of Delhi's urban forest was found 'poor', which is a matter of concern. For balance environment and for proper inflow of ecosystem services provided by urban forest to sustain healthy lifestyle in city, it is necessary to implement proper strategies for conservation and maintenance of these forests.
Urban tree demographics of Pune City: an Analytical perspective
Cities are biodiversity hot spots due to the variety of habitats available in public and private open space. Trees are major urban infrastructure assets in urban area. Analysis of urban tree demographics is generally limited to inventories of tree structure and composition on urban lands. This approach provided valuable information for resource management. However, it does not account for related tree cover information within an urban landscape, thus providing insufficient information on ecological patterns. We propose evaluating tree population for an entire Pune city that is based on area dynamics. The relationship between ward size, tree and human demographics and their respective densities were graphically analysed. A ward-wise approach enables to evaluate demographic patterns and processes for the entire Pune city. In any comprehensive and fair analysis and calculation, urban trees are worth more than they cost.
Population Structure of Vegetation in Urban Environment of Sarguja , Chhattisgarh , India
2019
The present study was conducted in different directions(east, west, north and south) of Ambikapur to explore the urban vegetation in terms of species status, population structure and regeneration potential of species. A total of 10 tree species distributed into 6 families were recorded in east direction, 9 tree species with 4 families in west direction, 12 tree species comprised of 9 families in north direction, and 11 tree species belonging to 8 families were recorded in south direction. The tree density ranged between 170-240 trees/ha across the site being highest under north direction and least at east direction. The rarity and commonness of the species in urban setup reflected that majority of the species are rare in occurrence in different stratum while the intermediate, moderately high and common (high frequency) species class was almost negligible in the entire site in most of the vegetation stratum. Population structure of the species also revealed the younger vegetation sta...
ISVS e journal, 2023
Street trees form an essential part of a green infrastructure which contribute to the resilience of a city. Stewardship and stake holder preferences are some of the factors in the sustainability of street trees and their diversity and composition in residential areas. This study aims to understand the existing conditions and practices in the plantation of street trees in residential areas. Plotted residential layouts of areas ranging between 18-25acres with road widths less than 9mtrs., 9mtrs to 12mtrs and greater than12mtrs are taken to compare and assess for diversity, density, composition, and distribution along with the shade analysis across six zones of the city of Visakhapatnam, India. A total stem count of 1903 trees accounting to 86 species, 73 genus and 32 families are recorded across the selected neighborhoods. The diversity is rated high when evaluated against the Shannon index and the Simpson's index. It is found that the Sant amour formula of the species diversity as indicated 10/20/30 is not met with. The density of the trees per 100-meter length ranged from 9 trees to 20 trees, but the tree sizes differ, which would have varying results in the ecosystem services provided. The composition of native to exotic trees are 60-40% respectively. As the neighborhood character keeps changing with re-densification, there are frequent replacements of trees resulting in younger trees accounting for a higher share as against the old trees. The recent plantation drives also replace them with the fast growing trees. The parameters assessed gives us evidence to the approach residents of the neighborhood take in the planting patterns. The patterns that evolve in this process can indeed become indicators for evolving a framework and enable better practices of planting trees.
Hotspot analysis involves either the identification or ranking of political and ecological regions on the basis of their biodiversity. A biodiversity hotspot is a region that has an extraordinary amount of diversity. Anthropogenic activities in an ecosystem have caused extinction of certain flora and fauna, or they are entering into an endangered category. Thus identification of such areas is important for the future conservation/restoration program. India, rich in its flora and fauna and with a characteristic of increasing population is an appropriate site for the study. Methods of study include data compilation, defining threat on a per-species basis: the species load, using multiple regressions for hotspot analysis.